【直播課堂】

雅思詞匯語法基礎第四節主講：董偉娜課程大綱第1次課：句子的主干，延展和修飾第2次課：句子的合并（1）：并列第3次課：句子的合并（2）：包含；相交；相離本課程的特點：真題例句，合適句長話題中心，情景學習精講精練，互動參與第1次課：主干的修飾三、主干的修飾名詞（n.)動詞(v.)adj.adv.介詞短語介詞短語doing/done/tododoing/done/todo引導詞+句子（定從）引導詞+句子（狀從）(一)名詞的修飾三、主干的修飾1.adj.+n.+adj.短語naturalresourcesmodernindustryculturalchangeathree-stageprocess(三個階段的過程）thematerialnecessarytotheinvention【練】theteacher/befriendlytothescientist/befamiliarwithChinesehistoryThestudent/bekeenonthemusic三、主干的修飾2.名詞+介詞短語（介詞+n.)ThepeopleintheurbanareaThepublications_____thenativelanguageThesolution____theproblemsastone_____hopeamountain_____despairacrucialpart_____thedevelopment三、主干的修飾【練1/2】互聯網是當今世界所有知識和信息的關鍵。（劍6,G,TB,W）TheInternetisthekey.Key-----toalltheknowledgeandinformationinthisworldtoday.(介詞短語擴展名詞）.三、主干的修飾【練2/2】從國內政治到國外政治的信息Information````Informationfrom```to```Informationwhichisfrom```to```Informationrangingfrom```to```三、主干的修飾3.doing/done+名詞+doing/done/todoA________(sleep)boyThedictionary_________(publish)in1604Thebook___________(publish)byacertainJohnsonTheability______________(express)himselfinEnglishTheactor_______(hire)byMilgram位置：短前長后三、主干的修飾UFO

UnidentifiedFlyingObjectIELTSInternationalEnglishlanguageTestingSystem三、主干的修飾【練1/8】剝削階級(exploit)

善解人意的人(understand)Theexploiting

class=theclassthatexploitsothersAnunderstanding

man=amanwhocanunderstandother’sfeelings三、主干的修飾【練2/8】所有這些活動都有可能產生破壞性的影響。（劍3,T2,R）Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamaging

impacts.三、主干的修飾【練3/8】companiesemploypeoplewhohaveoverseasbackground.(定語從句）````peoplehavingoverseasbackground.(現在分詞短語做后置定語）三、主干的修飾【練4/8】Shewouldliketotalkwiththeboywhoworkedwithher.

(定語從句)````theboyworkingwithher.(現在分詞短語做后置定語）三、主干的修飾【練5/8】Mostgirlsprefertomarry

themanwhohasthesenseofresponsibility.(定語從句)```themanhavingthesenseofresponsibility.(現在分詞短語做后置定語）三、主干的修飾【練6/8】Thelungsandbrainsofchildrenwhogrowupinpollutedairofferfurtherevidenceofitsdestructivepower.(劍3,T4,R)(定語從句)···childrengrowingupinpollutedair

`````(現在分詞短語做后置定語）三、主干的修飾【練7/8】Inaland_______

(被臺風席卷的）and________(被地震搖晃的）,howhaveJapan’stallestandseeminglyflimsiestoldbuildingsremainedstandingforcenturies?(劍7，T2，R）[hit]Sweep;shakeSweptbytyphoon

Shakenbyearthquake三、主干的修飾【練8/8】newsfromYahooPolicehunting

thekillerofapart-timepoliceofficerstabbed（刺殺）outsideherhomeinnorthwestLondonareseekingamanwearingahoodedtop（有兜帽的上衣）seenrunningawayfromthescene.三、主干的修飾【知識點】:分詞構成的合成形容詞.【練1/2】看電影耗費時間。Watchingmovies（動名詞作主語）istime-consuming.【練2/2】減少私家車可以節省能源。Reducingtheprivatecars（動名詞作主語）isenergy-saving.三、主干的修飾結構：分詞構成的合成形容詞n.(adj./adv.)+doing/doneEg:維和部隊peacekeepforcePeace-keepingforce&peace-keptforce三、主干的修飾意思作用外部關系分詞與修飾名詞之間的關系（keep---force)決定現在分詞還是過去分詞。Peace-keepingforce三、主干的修飾吃人的野獸maneatbeastMan-eatingbeast遠見卓識的政治家farseepoliticianAfar-seeingpolitician三、主干的修飾人造纖維manmakefiberMan-madefibers以美國為首的盟軍U.S.leadcoalitionU.S.-ledcoalition三、主干的修飾【練】國有企業stateownenterprise

新當選的總統newelectpresident驚動世界的消息earthshakenewsKEY:State-ownedenterprisenewly-electedpresidentearth-shakingnews(二)動詞的修飾（二）動詞的修飾1.副詞修飾動詞Herarelygoestoschoolbybus.Heranveryfast.Theyweretalkingloudly.（二）動詞的修飾2.介詞短語修飾動詞Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Thebookwaspublishedonalargescale.三、主干的修飾3.doing/done/todo,句子.Thestudentdeliberatelygavethewronganswer,bringingonvariouselectricalpunishments.Accompaniedbyhermother,shejoinedthecompetitionlastweek.Theexperimentwasdesignedtotestthehypothesis.Totestthehypothesis,theexperimentwasdesigned.三、主干的修飾分詞作狀語的意義：時間，方式，原因，條件，讓步，結果，伴隨和補充狀語等等。三、主干的修飾1.條件狀語【練1/2】Therefore,jogginganddieting,carriedtoextremes,canbehazardous.因此，慢跑和節食，若是太過度，就可能很危險。Carriedtoextremes=iftheyarecarriedtoextremes.三、主干的修飾【練2/2】睡得很沉，如果被叫醒，睡眠者會迷迷糊糊，失去方向感。（劍5,G,TA,R）【基本表達】Ifheisawoken,``【分詞表達】IfawokenTheslumberissodeepthat,ifawoken,thesleeperwouldbeconfusedanddisorientated.三、主干的修飾2.方式狀語InItalianlegends,mermaidscomeashore,marrymen,andbearthemchildren.Butintimetheirmermaidwivesdeserttheirhusbandsandtaketheirchildrenawaytothedepthoftheocean.TheChinesesaythemermaidspasstheirtimeweaving.Whentheyweep,theirtearsturnintopearls.Themermaidspasstheirtimeweaving.三、主干的修飾3.伴隨狀語【練】現在許多農民返回傳統的種植方式，參照他們祖先的方式去處理各種特殊的病蟲害問題。（劍3,T2,W）Nowmanyfarmershaverevertedtotraditionalfarmingmethods,referringto

theirancestors’waytohandlespecificpestofdiseaseproblems.三、主干的修飾擴展：【練】Theexpertsalwaysdisagreethelatterpointandbelievethat`````.(雅思寫作）Theexpertsalwaysdisagreethelatterpoint,believingthat````.三、主干的修飾4.原因狀語【練1/3】由于重病在身，他再也不能清楚地說話。【基本表達】becausehegotsickseriously,hewasnolongerabletospeakclearly.【分詞表達】Gettingsickseriously,he```.Affectedwithaseriousdisease,hewas```.三、主干的修飾【練2/3】因為想著肯定會遲到，布朗太太決定打的。【基本表達】becauseshethinkshemustbelate,MissBrowndecidedtotakeataxi.【分詞表達】Thinking

shemustbelate,MissBrowndecidedtotakeataxi.三、主干的修飾【練3/3】目光長遠的人對困難泰然處之,因為他們知道時間往往使不可能的事情成為可能。Thosewhotakethelongviewarepatientwithdifficulties,becausetheyknowthattimeoftenmakestheimpossiblepossible.Thosewhotakethelongviewarepatientwithdifficulties,knowingthattimeoftenmakestheimpossiblepossible.第2次課：句子的并列句子的并列1.句子并列的要求：詞性和形式保持對等。寫作練習：livinginthecityismoreinterestingthanlivinginthecountry.Travelingabroadcanlearnnewcustoms,enlargeyourhorizonsandmakenewfriends.Latinwassuitableforaninternationalaudienceofscholars,whereasEnglishreachedasociallywider,butmorelocal,audience.句子的并列閱讀練習Inpurelyscientificterms,Baekeland'smajorcontributiontothefieldisnotsomuchtheactualdiscoveryofthematerialtowhichhegavehisname,butratherthemethodbywhichareactionbetweenphenolandformaldehydecouldbecontrolled,thusmakingpossibleitspreparationonacommercialbasis.Itthenfellfromfavouragainduringthe1950s,andwasdespisedanddestroyedinvastquantities.句子的并列GraemeRitchie,acomputationallinguistinEdinburgh,studiesthelinguisticstructureofjokesinordertounderstandnotonlyhumourbutlanguageunderstandingandreasoninginmachines.Theseabruptchangeswillproduceeitherpositiveornegativefeelings.句子的并列Humans,whohavedevelopedamuchmorecomplicatedinternallifeasaresultoflanguage,respondemotionallynotonlytotheirsurroundings,buttotheirownthoughts.