Trytotranslatevividlyandbriefly(C-E)

增詞、刪詞、句子重心(E-C)TranslatebrieflyandvividlyinC-Etranslation

Asbrieflyaspossible1.

詞組、句子word我上這個(gè)班是為了提高英語水平。Compare:IattendthisclassinordertoraisemyEnglishlevel.IattendthisclasstoimprovemyEnglish.從前有個(gè)姑娘，名叫……Compare:Onceuponatime,therewasayounggirlwhosenameis…Onceuponatime,therewasayounggirlnamed…我們希望吃晚飯的時(shí)候趕到那里。Wehopethatwe’llbetherebydinnertime.Hopefully,we’llbetherebydinnertime.2．句子phrase只要你看一眼這封信，你就會(huì)明白你上當(dāng)了。(Solongasyoutakeaglanceatthisletter,youwillknowthatyouhavebeentakenin.Aglanceatthisletterwillconvinceyouthatyouhavebeentakenin.他看書看得太久，眼睛都紅了。（Becausehehadbeenreadingtoolong,hiseyeshavebeenred.Hiseyeswereredfromexcessivereading.盡管下著毛毛細(xì)雨，他們還是在工地上一連工作了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。(althoughitwasdrizzling,theyworkedontheconstructionsiteforhours.Theyworkedontheconstructionsiteforhoursinspiteofdrizzle.3．句子Appositive（同位語）上海有一千三百多萬人口，是世界上最大的城市之一。(Shanghaiisacitywithapopulationofoverthirteenmillionandisoneofthelargestcitiesintheworld.Shanghai,acitywithapopulationofoverthirteenmillion,isoneofthelargestcitiesintheworld.4.其他：漢語中兩個(gè)以上動(dòng)詞，且沒有并列關(guān)系――英語中只用一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，其他用介詞短語等來表達(dá)。說完這些話，他便走開了。(Afterhesaidthesewords,hewentaway.)Withthesewords,hewentaway.他點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，表示同意。Henoddedandagreed.Henoddedinagreement.屈原懷著十分悲痛得心情，抱著一塊石頭，投汨羅江自殺了。Overwhelmedwithgrief,QuYuandrownedhimselfintheMiluoRiverwithalargestoneinhisarms.

vividly中國(guó)古代的四大發(fā)明曾經(jīng)給古代世界的文化發(fā)展以巨大的推動(dòng)。ThefourGreatInventionsinancientChina,namely,paper,printing,thecompassandgunpowder,greatlyadvanceancientcivilizationoftheworld.《簡(jiǎn)愛》自問世以來，受到了國(guó)內(nèi)外廣泛的歡迎與關(guān)注。許多學(xué)者對(duì)其進(jìn)行了各方面的評(píng)論與研究。早在本世紀(jì)二十年代《簡(jiǎn)愛》就由李文雯先生翻譯到了中國(guó)。在國(guó)內(nèi)一度成為英國(guó)文學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)。研究與評(píng)論的方面極為深廣、內(nèi)容十分豐富，總結(jié)起來有如下幾個(gè)方面：受到歡迎：receivewelcomeWelcome:adj:acceptable,wanted/v.:greatsb.Whensb.Arrivesataplace/receivewithgreetings熱點(diǎn)：symbol/hotspot/hotissue/highlightThenovelJaneEyrehaswonpopularityandconcernthroughouttheworldsinceitspublication.Manyscholarshavemadecommentsandwrittenresearchpapersonit.JaneEyrewastranslatedintoChinesebyMr.LiWenwenasearlyas1920s,andhasoncebecomehotresearchsubjectofEnglishliterature.Theresearchandcommentsonitvaryinallaspects.Tosummarize,wehavethefollowing:Classwork:她說她不喜歡，就我而言，那東西很不錯(cuò)。如果天公作美，周末我們就去郊游。他有才能，人品好，辦事勤奮，顯然會(huì)步步高升。他那時(shí)候還是一個(gè)學(xué)生，就已經(jīng)為報(bào)刊雜志寫專欄了。我透過窗子，朝街上望去。Shesaidshedidn’tlikeit,butpersonallyIthinkitwasverygood.(asfarasIamconcerned)Weatherpermitting,we’llgoforanoutingthisweekend.(iftheweatherisfine)Byaptitude,personalityandworkheisobviouslytogoup.He,atthattimestillastudent,wrotecolumnsfornewspapersandmagazines.Ilookedoutofthewindowintothestreet.增詞、刪詞英漢兩種語言由于詞法、語法，句法結(jié)構(gòu)的不同，在翻譯過程中往往要增詞和刪詞，已達(dá)到補(bǔ)足語氣，連接上下文，避免譯文意義含糊等忠實(shí)——譯文和原文的詞量相等英譯漢中的增詞1.增譯名詞e.g.AccordingtoDr.Smith,hesaid,thepatient’slifeisstillindanger.Thefirstaidmustberenderedassoonaspossible.根據(jù)思密斯大夫根據(jù)思密斯大夫的診斷ThisisapassagequotedfromMarkTwain.這段話引自馬克·吐溫的著作。2.增譯動(dòng)詞Intheevening,afterthebanquet,theopera,andthespeechofthemayor,hereturnedtohisroomanddialedhiswife.晚上，在

宴會(huì)、

歌劇、

市長(zhǎng)的講話之后，他回到房間，給妻子打了個(gè)電話。出席、欣賞、聆聽3.增譯表示復(fù)數(shù)的詞Veryacuteproblemsexistamongthem.他們之間存在這種種非常尖銳的問題。Alistofallthewaysthattheengineisusedwouldtakepages.一份列舉這種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)所有用途的清單需要好幾頁。4.增加原文中省略的詞Thevictoryofthediscussionmeansthevictoryofcivilizationoverignorance,ofscienceoversuperstitionandoftruthoverfalsehood.這次討論的勝利意味著文明對(duì)愚昧的勝利，科學(xué)對(duì)迷信的勝利，真理對(duì)謬誤的勝利。5.增加帶解釋性的詞LeMonde,theB.B.C.,andtheNewYorkTimes,allreportthegreatevent.法國(guó)的世界報(bào)，英國(guó)廣播公司，美國(guó)的紐約時(shí)報(bào)，都……4.成語翻譯中的增詞burnone’sboatangleforfameindeepwaterstwo-facedtactics破釜沉舟沽名釣譽(yù)水深火熱兩面三刀ClassworkThroughallthoseyearstheyhadbeentogether—thenativetimeofthe1950s,thehumiliationsoftheCulturalRevolution,untilallofasuddentheyfoundtheywerebothold.Hewaswrinkledandblack,withscantgrayhair.Theydroveinablackcar,pastgrovesofbirchtreesandendlessrowsofnewbuildings.haveawell-oiledtongueblowone’sowntrumpet在那些年里，他們始終在一起，經(jīng)歷過天真無邪的50年代，忍受過文化大革命時(shí)的屈辱，直到他們發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)人都老了。他滿臉皺紋，皮膚黝黑，頭發(fā)灰白稀疏。他們乘坐一輛黑色小車，經(jīng)過一片片白樺樹林和看不到盡頭的一排排新建筑。油嘴滑舌自吹自擂英譯漢中的刪詞人稱代詞AsIlayawake,IrealizedthatIwasintrouble.Theyhadtakenthebestofhim.Theyhadmurderedhisparents.Theyhadwreckedhiswife.Theyhadtakenawayhischildren.Theyhadcrushedhiswholefamily.他們榨干了他的精髓。他們害死了他的雙親，他們摧殘了他的妻子，他們掠走了他的孩子，他們毀了他的全家。物主代詞Shecoveredherfacewithherhandtoprotecthereyes.Heputhishandonhershouldergentlyasiftotellherheunderstoodwhatshewasgoingthrough.他輕輕地把他的手放在她的肩膀上，好像在告訴她他明白她正在經(jīng)歷著什么。Moreexamples:Hewasarrested,convictedandsentencedtoprison.他被捕、定罪、判刑并被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。他已被捕判刑，監(jiān)禁在獄。WilliamSidneyPorter,whoisknownunderhispenname,O.Henry,isoneofthebestknownwriterofAmerica.威廉·悉尼·波特爾，筆名歐·亨利，是美國(guó)最知名的作家之一。Parentsoftenfavoronechildoveranother.家長(zhǎng)往往會(huì)偏愛一個(gè)孩子，相對(duì)不喜歡其他孩子。家長(zhǎng)往往會(huì)偏愛一個(gè)孩子。IfIseehim,Iwillspeaktohim.如果我見到他，我就告訴他。見到他我就告訴他。Sinceithasbeendecided,let’sstartnow.既然已經(jīng)決定了，我們就開始吧。既然決定了，我們就開始吧。Themorehelookedatthatface,themoresuspicioushebecame.他越看這張臉就越覺得可疑。這張臉?biāo)娇丛娇梢伞’llletyouknowassoonasitisarranged.等事情安排好了我就通知你。我一安排好就通知你。句子的重心在對(duì)某事態(tài)發(fā)表評(píng)論的時(shí)候，英語通常是評(píng)論在先，事實(shí)描寫在后，而漢語則相反。Inotherwords:如果一個(gè)句子里既有敘事/事實(shí)描寫，又有表態(tài)/評(píng)論,漢語一般按照邏輯關(guān)系和時(shí)間順序，喜歡敘事在前，表態(tài)在后，敘事部分比較長(zhǎng)，而表態(tài)部分比較短，在句式上是前重心。而英語相反，是先表態(tài)，后敘事，在句式上是后重心。e.g.因?yàn)椤暗匦巍笔煜ぃ谧约荷畹某鞘欣飳ふ夜珟鄬?duì)而言還不是太難。Itisrelativelyeasyforyoutolookforatoiletinyourowncityforyouknowyourwayaround.方便外籍人士入境，減少他們的簽證次數(shù)，以至將來最終給他們永久居住的權(quán)利，這也是我們國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)日益強(qiáng)大的表現(xiàn)。Itisalsoanindicationofourcountry’sgrowingeconomicweighttomakeiteasyforforeignerstoenterChina,reducethenumberoftimestheyneedvisas,andeveninthefuturegrantthentherightofpermanentresidence.Insummary,Australiaisacountrydeterminedtoplayitspart,notonlyinthesecurityandprosperityofitsowncitizensbutthoseofothersintheregion.總之，澳大利亞不僅在自己國(guó)民的安全和福利方面，而且在本地區(qū)其他國(guó)家國(guó)民的安全和福利方面，都決心發(fā)揮自己的作用。ItwouldhavebeendifficulttofindahappierchildthanIwasasIlayinmybedatthecloseofthateventfuldayandlivedoverthejoysithadbroughtme,andforthefirsttimelongedforanewdaytocome.在這個(gè)意義重大的日子即將結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我躺在床上回顧一天的快樂，恐怕再也找不到比我更幸福的孩子了。我生平第一次盼望新的一天快快到來。Class-work:1.為了不受干擾的工作，常常要逃避熱鬧，可一旦陷入孤境，又感