mn祝賀便條除了時間Supportingsentence

andEndingsentenceUnitSixStepOnePresentation1.Note-writing祝賀便條除了時間、稱呼、結尾客套話和署名外還需有：1）對祝賀的反應2）祝賀行為3）對祝賀的評價和對對方的欽佩4）美好祝愿SleMarch,30thDearTom,Iamratherpleasedtohearthatyouhavewonthemasterdegree.Pleaseacceptmyheartfeltcongratulations.Iknowyoureallydeserveit,foryouhavebeenworkingsohardinyourstudy.IamalwaysadmiringyourpersistencyandIhopeyouhaveabrightfuture.Sincerelycongratulationsagain.Yours,BearSomeusefulexpression:祝賀之事和自己的反應：I‘mhappytolearnthatyou’vejustpassedyourthesisdefense.I’msopleasedtohearthatyou’vegottheadmissionbytheCambridgeUniversitytofurtheryourgraduatestudy.

Someusefulexpression:祝賀行為:Congratulationsonyoursuccess.I’dliketoexpressmywarmestcongratulationsonit.Pleaseacceptmywarmestcongratulations.Congratulationsuponhavingreceivedyourmaster’sdegreefromBeijingUniversity.Someusefulexpression:

對成功的評價和對對方的欽佩:Youreallydeserveitbecause…Thismeantyearsofyourhardwork,andit’sanachievementyoucanwellbeproudof.Ihavebeenappreciatingyourexcellentperformanceinstudyandabilityinyourwork.Someusefulexpression:美好祝愿:Youwillhaveabrilliantfuture.Ibelieveourschoollifewillbemorecolorfulunderyourleadership.Ibelievethattheknowledgeyou’veacquiredwillenableyoutobesuccessfulinwhateveraspectoflife.StepOnePresentation2.Someinformationabouthomework問題解決型

StructureIntroduction－problemBody－reasonsConclusion－solutionsSomeimportantexpression:Recently,theissue/problem/questionofyouthcrimehasbeenbroughtintofocus./hasbeenbroughttopublicattention./hasbeenposedamongpublicattention.Accordingtoarecentsurvey/report/study,_________.Therearemainlythreecausesofthisproblem-thenegativeeffectofmassmedia,increasingpressurefromsocietyandhighdivorcerates.

Inthepastfewdecades/Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasharpincrease/adramaticdeclinein___.Accordingtoarecentsurvey/report/study,___.Theanswertotheproblem/issueinvolvesacoupleofcomplicatedreasons/factors,whichwillbeillustratedasfollows.

Thus,asfarasIamconcerned,itisofimportanceforpeopletofindoutitscausesandascertainsomepossiblesolutionstoaddressit.Oneofthemostimportantreasonsfortheincreaseinjuveniledelinquencyliesinthenegativeinfluenceofcommercializedmassmedia.………Anotherfactorforthesignificantchangeinjuvenilecrimeistheincreasingnumberofsingle-parentfamilies.Finally,theincreasingpressurefrombotheducationandsocietygivesrisetotheyouthcrime.Confrontedwith……,weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation.Foronething,……Foranother……Finally…….Alongwiththeawarenessoftheabovementionedreasonscomethefollowingmeasureswhichshouldbetakenimmediately.

Thetoppriorityis……Anotherapproachis…..Finally,…..Onlyinthiswaycanwe……..Nouns：Solution,approach,measure,action,method,step,MeansModifiedadj.:effective,forceful,immediate,practicalVerbs:Solve,dealwith,copewith,handle,resolve,address,tackle,workoutReviewTopicSentence:OneDefinition:ThefocusoftheparagraphTwoParts:TopicandassertionThreeFeaturesofTopicSentence:CompleteNotTooBroadNotTwoNarrowTip:NeveraquestionFoursentencestructuresI.Supportingsentence1.DefinitionSupportingsentencescomeafterthetopicsentence,makingupthebodyoftheparagraph.Theygivedetailstodevelopandsupportthemainideaoftheparagraph.Noonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbyadvertisements.Muchaswemayprideourselvesonourgoodtaste,wearenolongerfreetochoosethethingswewant,foradvertisingexertsasubtleinfluenceonus.Intheireffortstopersuadeustobuythisorthatproduct,advertisershavemadeaclosestudyofhumannatureandhaveclassifiedallourlittleweakness.該段落的第一句話就是主題句意思是廣告影響每個人，第二和第三句都是擴展句對主題句進行展開說明。2.Requirements好的擴展句能使段落結構更加清晰，更具說服力。要寫出好的擴展句，應該注意把握以下幾點：

1．清晰翔實，說服力強(避免寫出與主題不相關的句子)擴展句是用來體現段落中心思想的，因此不可含糊其辭、言之無物，而要清晰翔實；同時擴展句是用來支持主題句的，所以要具有較強的說服力，能清楚有力地表達思想，不可只考慮篇幅、湊足字數草草了事。

例如：

ThereareseveralwaystoimproveourEnglishwritingskillsandkeepingadiaryinEnglishissurelyoneofthem.Comparedwithotherformsofwriting,itisshorterandtakeslesstime.MymotheradvisedmetowritediarywhenIwasveryyoung.ItcanhelpuscultivatethehabitofthinkinginEnglish.Ifwecankeepthispractice,wewillgraduallylearnhowtoexpressourselvesinEnglish.

MymotheradvisedmetowritediarywhenIwasveryyoung.2．層次分明，邏輯清楚主題句和擴展句除了要保持意義的相關性以外，還要保持思想邏輯的連貫性。為了清楚地表達主題思想，擴展句必須條理分明、脈絡清楚。所以在寫擴展句時，要注意連接轉折詞語的使用，擴展句之間一般會有一定的邏輯關系，如因果、轉折、遞進等，這就要求使用連接詞使句子之間連貫，邏輯清楚。無疑，邏輯清楚的文章便于閱卷理解，也是閱卷者判分的重要標準之一。TherearereasonswhyIliketofish．Ienjoythepullofabigfishattheotherendoftheline．Myenjoymentincreasesifthefishisinthedeepwatersofalake．Thehopeofcatchingabigoneluresmetothelesserknownpoolsandthecoolwatersnearsomehiddenrock．Ilikethequietundertheopenskyawayfromtheweekendcersandvacationists．TherearethreereasonswhyIliketofish．First，Ienjoythepullofabigfishattheotherendoftheline．Moreover，myenjoymentincreasesifthefishisinthedeepwatersofalake．Second，thehopeofcatchingabigoneluresmetothelesserknownpoolsandthecoolwatersnearsomehiddenrock．Finally，Ilikethequietundertheopenskyawayfromtheweekendcersandvacationists．Ofthethreereasons，Ipreferthelast．3．句式多變，節奏明快為了使段落靈活多樣，擴展句除了要有說服力，邏輯清楚以外，還要有多變的句式，否則段落語言會顯得單調呆板，語言水平低下。如長短句、簡單句和復合句并用可以使段落具有節奏感。讀起來才有活力，令人回味。

可以混合使用簡單句、并列句、復合句和短語等

Therearealsomanyquiet,privatethingsthatIenjoydoing.(主從復合句)Iwouldspendawholedayreadingabook,andIsometimestayuplateatnightreadingagoodnovel.(并列句)WhenIamtiredofphysicalactivities,ImayfindagoodmoviesoralightTVprogramveryentertaining.(主從復合句)Inshort,Iliketodomanydifferentkindsofthings,dependingonthemoodIaminandthekindofpeopleIaminandthekindofpeopleIamaround.(簡單句，分詞短語作狀語)

3.Writingskills3.1LanguageA.平行結構的運用

句式優美、表達清晰、重點突出主題句：Pcgamesareakindofentertainment.利用平行結構拓展為:Theybringpleasurestoyoungsters,trainthemtorespondquickly,stimulatetheirimaginationinelectronics.B.句式靈活多變

若文中的簡單句出現得太多,就會顯得單調、含混、不生動。要寫出生動而鮮明的句子,可通過喬姆斯基的轉化生成語法中的嵌入方式來實現.一個簡單句,嵌入定語、狀語、補語后,變得生動有趣。Eg:Booksareworthreading.Bookstellingpeoplehowtoadaptthemselvestothesocietyareworthreading.C.地道的英語習語AttachgreatimportancetoLeaveadeepimpressiononD.連接手段的補充啟承轉合根據在文章中的作用,過渡詞大致可以分為以下四類(1)表達“啟”的常用詞語:用于引導主題句,或用于主題句的后面,引導第一個發展句。Aproverbsays......Atpresent.......Astheproverbsays....Currently.....Generallyspeaking,....Now,....Ingeneral,.....OntheWhole....Itisclearthat....Recently.....Itisoftensaidthat....Withoutdoubt,.......(2)表達“承”的過渡詞語:用于承接主題句或第一個(或前一個)發展句。First(ofall),......Moreover,.........Firstly,............Noonecandenythat....Inthefirstplace,.........Obviously.....Tobeginwith,.........Ofcourse,.........Also,.......Similarly,.........Atthesametime......Therefore,weshouldrealizethat.....Certainly......Thereisnodoubtthat.......Inaddition,.....What'smore,..........Infact........Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat...Meanwhile......

(3)表達“轉”的過渡詞語:用來表示不同或相反的情況。But...Still,......Buttheproblemisnotsosimple...Thereisacertainamountoftruthinthis,butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto.......However,.......Tooursurprise,..........Nevertheless,........Unfortunately.......Ontheotherhand,.......YetdifferencewillbefoundandthatiswhyIfeelthat........Othersmayfindthistobetrue,butIdonot.Ithink.....4)表達“合”的過渡詞語:用于總結段落中上文的內容,引導一個發展句或結論句,也可以用于文章的最后一段。Aboveall,Inbrief,........Accordingly,.....Inconclusion,........Allinall,.......Inotherwords,itishardtoescapetheconclusionthat........Asaconsequence,.........Inshort,.........AsIhaveshown/said/stated/....Insum,........Insummary,.......Ashasbeennoted,....Obviously,.........Bysodoing,.....Onthewhole,.....Consequently,........Presumably,.......Eventually,.........Toconclude,......Finally,........Tosumup,.....Inaword,......Tosummarize,......3.2ContentA.化抽象的概述為細節的描述

Musiciseverywhere.

Wecanhearitinrestaurants,airports,hospitals,supermarketsandmanyotherpublicplaces.B.從不同角度選材

Scienceandtechnologybenefitshumanbeingmuch.

Sciencemakesitpossibleforanationtoensurefoodandclothing(Agriculture),sciencecanmakepeoplelivelonger(Medicine),andit'ssciencethatmakesitasmallworld(Communication).

3.3Methods例證法對比法正反論證II.EndingsentenceRestatethetopicoftheparagraph.Keepitinteresting.Makeitaclosingsentencesoyourreaderknowsthisistheendoftheparagraph.這里介紹幾種常見的寫小結句的方法:1、小結句對全段落總結

Mymotherhaspassedalongtomecertainrulesforgettingalongwithothers.Don’targuewithparents;theywillthinkyoudon’tlovethem.Don’targuewithchildren;theywillthinkthemselvesvictimized.Don’targuewithspouses;theywillthinkyouareatiresomemate.Don’targuewithstrangers;theywillthinkyouarenotfriendly.

Mymother’srules,infact,canbesummedupintwowords:Don’targue.2、小結句對主題句呼應Inthemeanwhile,peoplearoundsmokers,especiallychain-smokersarealsothreatenedbythepoisonousgasesgivenoff.Andaccordingtosomeresearchers,thepossibilityofthenegativesmokers’cancerisevengreatersincetheybreatheinmoredangerous