句子成分專題（一）語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。（二）(Subiect)therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。Duringthe1990s,AmericancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmoreWeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassareToswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.SmokingdoesharmtotheTherichshouldhelpthepoorWhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeenItisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（三）(Predicate)成如下：1Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.2、復(fù)合謂語：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：YoumaykeepthebookfortwoHehascaughtabadcold.由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表語(Predicative)用以說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.Isityours?TheweatherhasturnedThespeechisexciting.ThreetimessevenistwentyHisjobistoteachEnglish.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.Timeisup.Theclassisover.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.留意：系動(dòng)詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：Heisateacher.持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語連續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.“這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,Heseems(tobe)verysad.feel,smell,sound,taste,Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,Hebecamemadafterthat.終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove,turnout,表證明變成之意例如：Therumorprovedfalse. Hisplanturnedoutasuccess（五）賓語（Object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例Youshouldtakethismedicinethreetinesaday.TheheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolonHowmanydictionariesdoyouhave?IhavefiveTheyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Hepretendednottoseeme.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice賓語種類：雙賓語（直接賓語Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,saveSheboughtagiftforhermother.復(fù)合賓語（賓補(bǔ)Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語agree,choose,demand,dare, decide,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desireHerefusedtolendmehisbike.下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.stop,mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語Object Complemen，才能使句子的意義整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make+賓賓補(bǔ)。HisfathernamedhimDongming.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoWesawherenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（七）定語修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attribute)。定語可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;AmericaisadevelopedTherearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.Ilikethebookwhichwasboughtyesterday.（八）狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語AdverbiaLighttravelsmostquickly.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.HeisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexaminationHeisintheroommakingamodelplane.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.IshallgothereifitMrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.SheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatShecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,ImustworkHewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.Iamtallerthanheis二、簡(jiǎn)潔句、并列句和復(fù)合句（一）句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（確定、否定is six years old; She didn ’t hear of you before.2 疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意theylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?careful,boys;talkinclass感嘆句：Howclevertheboyis!按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡(jiǎn)潔句：只有一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishintheTomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers2)并列句：由并列連詞but,or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)潔句連在一起構(gòu)成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（句、定語從句和狀語從句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall（二）簡(jiǎn)潔句的五種基本句型1+表語：e.g.Heisastudent.2不及物動(dòng)詞：e.g.Wework.3、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4+雙賓語（直接賓語）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmea5+復(fù)合賓語（+賓補(bǔ)）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。（三）并列句的分類1and,notonly…butalso…,neither…n。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthenameisJohn.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or,either…or…otherwisee.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but,,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyand4so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildarkGivemeonemoreminuteA.and B.or

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