賓語從句（ObjectClause）一、定義與分類1、在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。2、賓語從句分為三類：動詞的賓語從句，介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.3、時態：a主句用一般現在時，從句可用任意時態。b主句用過去時，從句用過去某個時態。c主句用過去時，從句是真理時，只用一般現在時。二、賓語從句的連接詞1、從屬連詞連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether，在從句中不充當任何句子成分。that引導表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導表示“是否”的賓語從句.Eg：Hetoldmethathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear。他告訴我他下一年上大學.Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否還會有公交車.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.沒人知道他是否會通過考試.2、連接代詞連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但what,whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.在從句中充當名詞性成分。Eg：DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道誰贏了這一局紅警游戲嗎?Idon’tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.我不知道你該依靠誰.ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsknow.這本書會告訴你最好的執行總裁該了解些什么.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?3、連接副詞連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.在從句中充當狀語成分。Eg：Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyoureadthenewpanel?你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎?Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.沒人知道這些新的零件能在哪里買到.三、動詞的賓語從句1、大多數動詞都可以帶賓語從句Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.我們都預料他們會贏,因為他們的隊員更強壯.Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework.他告訴我們在整個工作中,他都會幫忙的.2、部分“動詞+副詞”結構也可以帶賓語從句Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.我發現這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了.Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?你能算出這次旅行我們將花費多少錢嗎?3、動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有:makesure確保makeupone’smind下決心keepinmind牢記Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤.4、可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句①動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的.IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.我沒去聚會,感覺非常遺憾.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.我每天寫日記成了習慣.Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.我們都認為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要.②有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it，此時it無實際意義。這類動詞主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto.Eg：Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他會認為我們的計劃確實可行.Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我們認為你會同意我們的.Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.開啟發動機時,一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.③若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替Eg：Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我們都認為你所說的是不可信的.Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.我們發現我們所學到的東西都是有用的.四、介詞的賓語從句1、用wh-類的介詞賓語從句Eg：Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我們正在討論是否讓學生加入我們的俱樂部.ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.這本新書是關于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的.2、用that,if引導的介詞賓語從句有時候except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導的賓語從句Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.四、形容詞的賓語從句常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedEg：IamsureIwillpasstheexam.我確信我會通過考試.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我這么長時間在打擾你.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他.五、if,whether在賓語從句中的區別①if和whether在作“是否”解時,引導賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后,介詞后一般不用if②少數動詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.③whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能決定是否留下。⑤避免歧異時,我們常用whether而不用if.六、哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導詞that1、當that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時;2、當賓語從句較長時;3、當賓語從句前置時；eg．Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve．4、當一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時,此時第一個that可以省略,第二個that不可以省略;5、當賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時;6、當賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時;7、當賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時;8、當主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時;9、當賓語從句有it做其先行詞時;七、賓語從句的否定轉移1、主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.Eg：Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能說成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.我認為他不會來我的舞會.Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?我認為那個人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?2、如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?我們發現他從不仔細聽老師講課,是不是?八、賓語從句的時態和語序1、當主句為現在時或將來時,賓語從句的時態一般不受主句的時態所影響.2、當主句為過去時①從句用一般過去時或過去進行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發生Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.我只知道他當時在西方的一個國家讀書,可不知道是哪個國家.HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.他問我他進來的時候我是否正在讀<<老人與海>>.②從句用過去完成時表示該動作發生在主句謂語動作之前HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.他告訴我他已經把有關會議的事情告訴的了Mary.③從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發生在主句謂語動作之后Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮壓騷亂.3、如果從句是一個客觀真理,那么從句的時態不根據主句的時態而變化Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉.4、當賓語從句的引導詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時,不能按正常語序安排,經常將這類引導詞置于句首Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?你認為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手.5、運用虛擬語氣的情況在表示：建議（suggest,advise）要求（demand、desire、require、request、propose)決定（decide)命令(order、command)堅決主張(insist)等動詞后跟賓語從句，用（should）+v．（虛擬語氣）eg．Isuggestedthatyou（should）studyhard．Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce．九、學習賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時態。1.連接詞連接詞一般都是that(指事務或人),which（指事）,who（指人）a．從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或將that省略，直接與主句相連。b．從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。在whether…ornot結構中不能用if替換。c．從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。2、語序賓語從句一般用陳述語序。當who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他3.判斷時態情況：1.主句是一般現在時，從句為各種時態情況。2.主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應過去時態注意：從句描繪客觀事實，用一般現在時。賓語從句專項練習一、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復合句。1．TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3．Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.4．CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5．Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6．Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang____________________homeworkyet.7．Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_______________________________inthepicture?8．Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?9．Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered__________often________about.10．Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow___________atthedoorsoloudly.11.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.12.What'shisname?Iaskedhim.

Iaskedhimwhat_______________.13.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme__________________________________.14.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.15.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.二、選擇填空。()1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid____________________.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring()2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry()3.Letmetellyou__________________.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar()4.Peterknew_______________.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis()5.Couldyoutellme___________?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingfor

D.whereyoulivein()6.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft()7.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen()8.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot()9.Themanagercameuptosee__________.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematteris

D.what'sthematter()10.Heaskedhisfather_______.A.whereithappens

B.wheredidithappenC.howithappened

D.howdidithappen()11.Noonetellsus______,soweneedyourhelp.A.howweshoulddo

B.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoit

D.whattodoit()12.Couldyoupleaseteachme_______thecomputer.A.howcheck

B.tocheck

C.howtocheck

D.tohowchecking()13.Theydon'tknow_______theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich()14.─Wheredoyouthink______he_____theTVset?─Sorry,I'venoidea.A./,bought

B.has,bought

C.did,buy

D.didbought()15.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantell_____itwouldbelikein_____fiveyears.A.how,another

B.what,more

C.how,other

D.what,another()16.─Couldyoutellme______?─Yes.He____totheUSA.A.whereishe/hasbeen

B.whereheis/hasgoneC.wherewashe/hasbeen

D.wherehewas/hasgone()17.─Mikewantstoknowif____apicnictomorrow.─Yes.Butifit_______,we'llvisitthemuseuminstead.A.youhave/willrain

B.youwillhave/willrainC.youwillhave/rains

D.willyouhave/rains()18.Ireallydon'tknowifshe_______itwhenshe________.A.finds/arrives

B.finds/willarrive

C.willfind/willarrive

D.willfind/arrives()19.MissLiusaid______shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster”sdesk.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what()20.Heaskedme_______.A.whowillkickthefirstgoalintheWorldCupB.whenwastheAPECmeetingheldC.whenChinabecameamemberoftheWTOD.wherethe2008Olympicswillbeheld()21.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper______WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if()22.Youmustremember_______.whatyourteachersaidB.whatdidyourteachersayC.yourteachersaidwhatD.whathasyourteachersaid()23.Idon”tknow______.A.whichroomIcanliveB.whichroomcanIliveC.whichroomIcanliveinD.whichroomcanIlivein()24.－－Doyouknowwhenhe______back?－－Sorry,Idon”t.Whenhe_______back,I”lltellyou.A.comes;comesB.comes;willcomeC.willcome;comesD.willcome;willcome()25Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake()26Marysaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen()27Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___aPEclasstoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are()28.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that()29.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where()30.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow

三、用合適的連接詞填空。1.Jimtoldme____hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Doyouknow______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday？（who,whom）3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）6.Theydon'tknow_______togoorwait.(if,whether)7.Wearetalkingabout______we’llgobacktomorrow.(whether,if)8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.(where,what)9.Idon'tknow____somanypeoplearelookingathim.(how,why)10.Doyouknow______youarestudyingfor?(why,what)四、句型轉換。1.“Doyouwanttotryit?”Tom'smotheraskedhim.(同義句)Tom'smotheraskedhim____________________totryit.2.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改為否定句）I_______________this________agoodidea.3.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改為復合句）Lucyhasn'tdecided________________________________buy.4.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改為簡單句）Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital.5.Idon’tsupposetheywillcome,_____________?(改為反意疑問句)五、用所給動詞的正確形式填空。1.Wearesurethathe________(go)toschooltomorrow.2.Doyouknowwho______(be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?3.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice______(is)?4.Ourfathersaidthathe_______(will)buyanewcomputer.5.Ihearthathe_______(swim)intheseayesterday.6.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather_______(work).7.Hesaidthathe_________(finish)hisworkalready.8.Theythoughttheycould_______(hike)tothetopofthemountain.9.Hewasgladthatsomanypeople_____(help)him.10.Shedoesn’tknowwhether________(go)orwait.1.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_____Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever2.Acomputercanonlydo_________youhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.when3.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_______itwas?A．whereB．whatC．howD．which4.—Ithinkit’sgoingtobeabigproblem.—Yes,itcouldbe.—Iwonderwecandoaboutit.A.ifB.howC.whatD.that5.Thisdependson_________theweatherisfine.A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.that6.CouldIspeakto____isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?A.whoB.whatCwhoeverD.whatever7.Parentsaretaughttounderstand______importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.A.thatB.howC.suchD.so8.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand______theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.AwhyBwhetherCwhenDhow9.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_________Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that10.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wherever11.Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellfor______hethoughtwasnotenough.A.whereB.howC.whatD.which12.Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize___sillymistakesIhadmade.A.whatB.thatC.howD.which13.Thewayhediditwasdifferentwewereusedto.A．inwhichB．inwhatC．fromwhatD．fromwhichThepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept___________helphecanget.A．whicheverB．howeverC．whateverD．whenever15.Marywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A．whyB．whatC．whoD．that16.Somepeoplebelieve___iseasierforsmallcountriestobecomestrongandrichthanforlarge____.A.that;countryB.it;oneC.that;countriesD.it;ones17.Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.He’llhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where18.—Becareful!Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear______Isaid?David?—Yes,MumA.whatB.thatC.whyD.if19.—Doyouknow_______Mr.Black’saddressis?—HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof______.A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.what,where20.Areyouinterestedin_____?A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit21.Thehow-tobookcanbeofhelpto___wantstodothejob.A.whoB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.whoever22.Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.A.itB.thisC.thatD.what—Whatdidyouparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?—Theyalwaysletmedo________IthinkIshould.A.whenB.thatC.howD.what24.Pleaseremindme_________hesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.A.whereB.whenC.howD.what25.Marywroteanarticleon_________theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A．whyB．whatC．whoD．that26.SomeoneisringingthedoorbellGoandsee________.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis27.Iwanttoknow_______hecancomehereontime.A．whoB.whenC.whereD.if28.I’dlikeknow_______youwantbest.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where29.Theteacheraskedthenewstudent________classhewasi