I.SentenceMembers＊subject(主),predicate(謂),object(賓)＊

attributive(定)adverbial（狀）predicative(表)complement(補(bǔ))appositive(同位語)parenthesis(插入語)I.SentenceMembers1知識(shí)點(diǎn)擴(kuò)充：可以帶雙賓語的常見動(dòng)詞此類動(dòng)詞以give為代表，常帶有“給予”的意思。Allow,assign,ask,award,bring,buy,cause,fetch,give,

hand,leave,offer,owe,pay,post,promise,read,return,sell,send,

show,sing,take,telephone,tell,

teach,throw,write.Givesb.sth.→Givesth.tosb.Eg.Canyoubuymeameal?CanIaskyouaquestion?

Causemealotoftrouble.知識(shí)點(diǎn)擴(kuò)充：可以帶雙賓語的常見動(dòng)詞此類動(dòng)詞以give為代表，2Thefollowingpointsmaybeimportant.1.Positionsofanappositive

同位語(PayattentiontoitstranslationintoChinese.)

(1)normalpositions(p6)①▲immediatelyfollowedby②★setoffbyacommafromnoun③setoffbyacolonfromappositive④setoffbyadashfrom⑤setoffbyanintroducingwordorphrasefrom

(namely,thatis,suchas,forexample,...)Thefollowingpointsmaybeim3譯法總結(jié)(3種)：①～這個(gè)[這一]……把同位語單獨(dú)譯成一句。Theterm"sensitivity"（靈敏度）isoftenusedinradioengineering.

靈敏度這一術(shù)語經(jīng)常用于無線電工程中。

Theword“radar”comesfromradiodetectionandranging.（p6）雷達(dá)這一術(shù)語來自無線電探測(cè)與測(cè)距。②單獨(dú)譯成一句（一般有逗號(hào)分開時(shí)）Arithmetic（算術(shù)）,thescienceofnumbers,isthebaseofmathematics.（p6）算術(shù)是一門有關(guān)數(shù)字的科學(xué)，它是數(shù)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。Thedecibelisonetenthofabel,aunitnamedafterAlexanderGrahamBell.

分貝是貝爾的十分之一，而貝爾這個(gè)單位是根據(jù)亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾的名字命名的。譯法總結(jié)(3種)：①～這個(gè)[這一]……把同位語單獨(dú)譯成一句4譯法總結(jié)：③譯成“也就是”或用破折號(hào)引出Thischapterexaminesthepropertiesofanimportantnonlinear（非線性的）device,thedioderectifier（整流器）.

本章介紹了一種重要的非線性設(shè)備——整流器。譯法總結(jié)：③譯成“也就是”或用破折號(hào)引出5(2)specialpositions(了解)

①主語的同位語處于主語前（一般譯成獨(dú)立的一句；或譯成“作為……”）

appositive,subject～

Anewtechnologyintroducedinthe1960’s,lasercanpiercethehardestsubstancesuchasdiamond.

激光是在20世紀(jì)60年代發(fā)展起來的一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)，它能穿透像金剛石這樣最堅(jiān)硬的物質(zhì)。②一個(gè)句子的同位語處于句子末尾（譯成單獨(dú)的一句）

～,appositive(anounphrase)Amagnetattractsironmaterials,afamiliarphenomenon.

磁鐵能吸引鐵質(zhì)材料，這是大家所熟悉的一種現(xiàn)象。(2)specialpositions(了解)

①主62.Complement補(bǔ)語p7（1）某些動(dòng)詞帶有補(bǔ)足語：let,make,call,find,get,have,keep（2）在被補(bǔ)足的成分和補(bǔ)足成分之間有以下兩種關(guān)系：

A.主表關(guān)系(is判別法)Wecallsuchamaterialaninsulator.(Suchamaterialisaninsulator.)B.主謂關(guān)系(拼接試探判別法)Metalsallowcurrenttoflowthroughthemeasily.

金屬允許電流容易地通過它們。2.Complement補(bǔ)語p7（1）某些動(dòng)詞帶有補(bǔ)足語：7★雙賓語與賓語補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別：

試探法：

Ishallgiveyouabook.

(Youareabook.Giveabooktoyou.)E.g.ThemagneticfieldstrengthisassignedasymbolH.

(保留賓語，assign可帶雙賓；兩者沒有主表關(guān)系)Theydon’tknowtheexacttimetostarttheexperiment.

(后置定語，沒有主謂關(guān)系)★雙賓語與賓語補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別：8

3.Parentheticclause插入語p7★Aruleforitsjudgment:

Itsbeingcrossedoutwon’taffectthemeaningandthestructureofthewholesentence.

(1)inthemainclauseLivingthingstoo,itnowseemscertain,obeythelawsofphysicsandchemistry.[≈Itnowseemscertainthat….]

現(xiàn)在似乎可以肯定的是，生物同樣遵循物理和化學(xué)的原理。

Thedensity（密度）ofasubstance,werecall,isitsmass（質(zhì)量）perunitvolume（體積）.

大家記得吧，物質(zhì)的密度就是其單位體積的質(zhì)量。3.Parentheticclause插入語p7★A9(2)inthesub-clauseOneofthemajorproblemswhichfacedmeinwritingthisbookwas“digesting”thevastliteratureoncomputer-basedlibrarysystemsandpresentingitinwhatIhopeisaclearandconcisemanner.

我在撰寫本書過程中所面臨的主要問題之一是“消化”有關(guān)機(jī)輔圖書館系統(tǒng)的大量文獻(xiàn)資料，并且以我希望的清晰、簡潔的方式來介紹它們。

(2)inthesub-clause10（3）using“say=letussay”orsometypeof“what-clause”Aresistorofsay100ohmsmaybeconnectedacrossC2.

在該容器兩端可以并接一個(gè)比如說100歐姆的電阻器。

Therulesmustbefew,and,whatismoreimportant,simple.

規(guī)則必須要少，而且更為重要的是，要簡單。

whichamountstothesamething“換句話說”

whatisequivalent“換句話說”

whatismoreimportantwhatismore“而且；更有甚者”

whatisthesamething“同樣的是；換個(gè)說法（也一樣）”（3）using“say=letussay”or11II.PrepositionalPhrases1.Formation(p8)preposition+theobjectofthepreposition(nounorpronoun)II.PrepositionalPhrases1.Fo122.FunctionsofaprepositionalphraseAdverbial狀語E.g.InthelibrarytherearemanybooksinEnglish.(p9)E.g.Thisexperimentshouldbedonewithcare.care,skill,ease,difficulty,withaccuracy,precision,flexibility,rapidity==theircorrespondingadverbs

補(bǔ)充知識(shí)點(diǎn)12.Functionsofaprepositiona13(2)Attribute定語

---asapostmodifieronlyTheswitchonthewallnearthedooroftheroomisfortheceilinglight.（p9）＊門邊墻上的開關(guān)是用來管頂燈的。(3)Complement補(bǔ)語---mostlythe“as-phrase”requiredbymanyverbsdefineAasB把A定義為BregardAasB

把A當(dāng)作為BrefertoAasB把A稱為BThisparameter（參數(shù)）isdefinedastheratioofsignaltonoise.

這個(gè)參數(shù)被定義為信號(hào)和噪聲之比。(2)Attribute定語---asapostmo14***Anincreasingnumberofengineeringdesignersfindit

ofvaluetohaveaworkingknowledgeofelectroniccomputers.

越來越多的工程設(shè)計(jì)者發(fā)現(xiàn)，具備計(jì)算機(jī)使用知識(shí)是有價(jià)值的。

of+interest,use,value,help,importance,significance=名詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞

***afewsetverbalphrases:(keep…atwork;set…inmotion)Electricitykeepsmachinesatwork.Nowsetthecharges（電荷）inmotionandmeasurethemagneticforce（磁力）.使電荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)補(bǔ)充知識(shí)點(diǎn)2***Anincreasingnumberofeng15(4)Predicative表語

Anothercommonapproachisthroughtheuseofasymmetricalsquarewave.(對(duì)稱方波)

另一常用的方法是使用一個(gè)對(duì)稱方波。

(5)Parenthesis

插入語---manysetphrases(infact;ofcourse;forexample,……)

Forexample,wecanmakeanelectricalbellwiththiskindofmagnet.(4)Predicative表語16(6)Prepositionalobject介詞賓語

---onlyafterafewprepositions,suchas“from★,except★,to,…)Theenergyfromwithintheearthcanbeexploited.

可以開發(fā)來自地球內(nèi)部的能量。

Thehighestorder（度）ofaccuracyobtainableinusingthistechniqueistowithin0.01percent.

用這種技術(shù)獲得的精度可以達(dá)到0.0001。(6)Prepositionalobject介詞賓語-17III.WordCollocationsSetphrases

inaword換句話說

takeplace發(fā)生，進(jìn)行

taketheplaceof代替2.Habitualcollocations★(1)Somenounsmustgowithdefiniteverbs.(2)Someverbs,adjectives,andnounsmustgowithdefiniteprepositions.III.WordCollocationsSetphra182.Habitualcollocations

(1)Somenounsmustgowithdefiniteverbs.

質(zhì)量improvethequality

效率raise[increase]theefficiency提高能力increasetheability

認(rèn)識(shí)deepentheunderstanding

警惕enhance[heighten]thevigilance

2.Habitualcollocations

(1)19

成就[進(jìn)步]makeachievements[progress]

一致意見reachcompleteagreementofviews取得教訓(xùn)drawlessons

成功achievesucces

同意obtainconsent作一分析[比較；研究]

makeananalysis[acomparison;astudy]

作一介紹[描述；說明]giveanintroduction[adescription;anexplanation]

成就[進(jìn)步]makeach20（2）Someverbs,adjectives,andnounsmustgowithdefiniteprepositions.E.g.Laserbeamsaresent

atthemoon.(p10)throwaimrush[沖向(vt.)shoot…at～(vi.)fireat～[向…開火]emitshout[朝…叫喊（歡呼）

sendpoint

(be)representativeof=represent(be)descriptiveof=describe(be)characteristicof=characterize(be)parallelto平行于。。。

(be)similarto類似于。。。動(dòng)詞搭配形容詞搭配（2）Someverbs,adjectives,and21Emphasisshouldbelaidonthecollocationofanounwithapreposition。①Afixedprepositiongoesbeforeorafteranoun.ⅰ.Beforeanounⅱ.Afteranoun②Animportantformatofwordcollocation

Format:noun

ofAprepositionB名詞搭配Emphasisshouldbelaidonthe22①Afixedprepositiongoesbeforeorafteranoun.ⅰ.Beforeanoun

無線電波向四面八方傳播。（p11）

Radiowavestravelinalldirections.

為此目的，大學(xué)生必須至少掌握一門外語。

Forthispurpose[Tothisend],collegestudentsmustmasteratleastoneforeignlanguage.E.g.

onalargescale（大規(guī)模地）

toagreat[large]extent[point,degree]（在很大程度上）

in(a)great[large]measure（在很大程度上）①Afixedprepositiongoesbef23

①Afixedprepositiongoesbeforeorafteranoun.

ⅱ.Afteranoun

E.g.他們?cè)趨⒓右苿?dòng)通訊國際會(huì)議。（p11）

Theyareattendinganinternationalconference

onmobilecommunications.E.g.Thesestudentsaredoinganexperiment

inphysics[onelectricity].

這些學(xué)生在做物理實(shí)驗(yàn)（in后跟大學(xué)科，on后跟小學(xué)科）

theresearch

on[into;with;for]imageprocessingtheanswer[key;solution]to(aproblem)thepreface

to(abook)anexception

to(arule)thecurrent

through(acomponent)thevoltage

across(acomponent)increase[decrease;rise;fall;reduction;variation]in…condition[requirement;technique,method;language;skill,equation;expression]for…①Afixedprepositiongoesbe24★②Animportantformatofwordcollocation

Format:noun

ofAprepositionB

Thetranslationcanbefurtherclassifiedasthefollowingthreesub-classes:ⅰ.The“noun”isanordinaryabstractnoun.

Translationpattern:“A。。。B的～”

E.g.Theadvantage

ofTDMAoverSCPCisthatmoregroundstationscanshareasinglesatellitetransponder（應(yīng)答器）.TDMA與SCPC相比的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是更多的地面站可共享一個(gè)衛(wèi)星應(yīng)答器?！铫贏nimportantformatofwor25②ⅰ.E.g.

Translationpattern:“A。。。B的～”

theratioofAtoBtheeffectofAon[upon]B

therelationshipofAtoB★thedistanceofAfromB

familiarityofAwithB

thesimilarityofAtoB★②ⅰ.E.g.26②ⅱ.The“noun”comesfromanintransitiveverb(不及物動(dòng)詞),inwhichcase“A”isthelogicalsubjectofthelogicalactionexpressedbythe“noun.”

Translationpattern:“A。。。B的～”

Thiscurveshowsthedependenceoftheoutputon[upon]theinput.

該曲線畫出了輸出對(duì)于輸入的依賴關(guān)系。

Allconductorsoffersmallresistancetothepassageofelectronsthroughthem.(passthrough)

電子流過導(dǎo)體時(shí)，遇到的阻力很小。②ⅱ.The“noun”comesfroman27

②

ⅱ.E.g.thepassageofAthroughB----passthroughthemotionofAround[around]BthedepartureofAfromBthereactionofAtoBA對(duì)B的作用

thevariationofAwithB②ⅱ.E.g.28②ⅲ.The“noun”comesfromatransitiveverb,inwhichcase“A”isthelogicalobjectoftheactionexpressedbythe“noun.”Translationtechnique:The“noun”isputintoatransitiveverb.E.g.Insolvingtheproblem,theresolutionofthisforceinto

x-andy-componentsisnecessary.

在解這個(gè)題的時(shí)候，需要把這個(gè)力分解為x分量y分量。E.g.Gradually,theusefulnessofmicroprocessorsascentralprocessingunitwasrealized.人們逐漸地實(shí)現(xiàn)了把微分處理器用作中央處理器。②ⅲ.The“noun”comesfromat29②ⅲ.E.g.（p12）

acomparisonofAwithB：把A與B相比較

theresolutionofAintoB：把A分解為BtheexposureofAtoB：使A接觸BtheuseofAasB：把A用作為BthedefinitionofAinto[to]B：把A定義為BtheseparationofAfrom[into]B②ⅲ.E.g.（p12）30***OneMorePattern:（p13）

noun(fromvt.)ofA[logicalobject]byB[logicalsubject]Theformulation（確立）ofthetheoryofrelativity（相對(duì)論）byEinsteinwasoneofthemostsignificanteventsofthe20thcentury.***OneMorePattern:（p13）31Review

質(zhì)量improvethequality

效率raise[increase]theefficiency提高能力increasetheability

認(rèn)識(shí)deepentheunderstanding

警惕enhance[heighten]thevigilance

成就[進(jìn)步]makeachievements[progress]

一致意見reachcompleteagreementofviews取得教訓(xùn)drawlessons

成功achievesucces

同意obtainconsent作一分析[比較；研究]

makeananalysis[acomparison;astudy]

作一介紹[描述；說明]giveanintroduction[adescription;anexplanation]

Review質(zhì)量32theresearch

on[into;with;for]imageprocessingtheanswer[key;solution]to(aproblem)thepreface

to(abook)anexception

to(arule)thecurrent

through(acomponent)thevoltage

across(acomponent)increase[decrease;rise;fall;reduction;variation]in…condition[requirement;technique,method;language;skill,equation;expression]for…

theratioofAtoBtheeffectofAon[upon]BtherelationshipofAtoBtheattraction（引力）ofAforBthedistanceofAfromB

familiarityofAwithBtheresearchon[into;33thepassageofAthroughB----passthroughthemotionofAround[around]BthedepartureofAfromBthereactionofAtoBA對(duì)B的作用

thevariationofAwithBacomparisonofAwithB：把A與B相比較

theresolutionofAintoB：把A分解為BtheexposureofAtoB：使A接觸BtheuseofAasB：把A用作為BthedefinitionofAinto[to]B：把A定義為BtheseparationofAfrom[into]BthepassageofAthroughB---34判別某些句子成分方法匯總1.狀語（副詞和介詞）：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，形容動(dòng)作狀態(tài)。表示：條件，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式，目的，原因，結(jié)果，讓步，程度。2.定語（形容詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，介詞短語）：用來說明名詞成分的。3.同位語：二者同一個(gè)意思。特別是suchas,forexample,thatis之后的肯定是。4.補(bǔ)語：a.Let,make,call,find,get,have,keep表示使……時(shí)。b.主表關(guān)系：is判別法。主謂關(guān)系：拼接判別法。E.g.Ishallgiveyouabook.Wemustkeeptheroomclean.5.插入語：However,infact,forexample,then.去掉了不影響句子意思。判別某些句子成分方法匯總1.狀語（副詞和介詞）：修飾動(dòng)詞、形35I.SentenceMembers＊subject(主),predicate(謂),object(賓)＊

attributive(定)adverbial（狀）predicative(表)complement(補(bǔ))appositive(同位語)parenthesis(插入語)I.SentenceMembers36知識(shí)點(diǎn)擴(kuò)充：可以帶雙賓語的常見動(dòng)詞此類動(dòng)詞以give為代表，常帶有“給予”的意思。Allow,assign,ask,award,bring,buy,cause,fetch,give,

hand,leave,offer,owe,pay,post,promise,read,return,sell,send,

show,sing,take,telephone,tell,

teach,throw,write.Givesb.sth.→Givesth.tosb.Eg.Canyoubuymeameal?CanIaskyouaquestion?

Causemealotoftrouble.知識(shí)點(diǎn)擴(kuò)充：可以帶雙賓語的常見動(dòng)詞此類動(dòng)詞以give為代表，37Thefollowingpointsmaybeimportant.1.Positionsofanappositive

同位語(PayattentiontoitstranslationintoChinese.)

(1)normalpositions(p6)①▲immediatelyfollowedby②★setoffbyacommafromnoun③setoffbyacolonfromappositive④setoffbyadashfrom⑤setoffbyanintroducingwordorphrasefrom

(namely,thatis,suchas,forexample,...)Thefollowingpointsmaybeim38譯法總結(jié)(3種)：①～這個(gè)[這一]……把同位語單獨(dú)譯成一句。Theterm"sensitivity"（靈敏度）isoftenusedinradioengineering.

靈敏度這一術(shù)語經(jīng)常用于無線電工程中。

Theword“radar”comesfromradiodetectionandranging.（p6）雷達(dá)這一術(shù)語來自無線電探測(cè)與測(cè)距。②單獨(dú)譯成一句（一般有逗號(hào)分開時(shí)）Arithmetic（算術(shù)）,thescienceofnumbers,isthebaseofmathematics.（p6）算術(shù)是一門有關(guān)數(shù)字的科學(xué)，它是數(shù)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。Thedecibelisonetenthofabel,aunitnamedafterAlexanderGrahamBell.

分貝是貝爾的十分之一，而貝爾這個(gè)單位是根據(jù)亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾的名字命名的。譯法總結(jié)(3種)：①～這個(gè)[這一]……把同位語單獨(dú)譯成一句39譯法總結(jié)：③譯成“也就是”或用破折號(hào)引出Thischapterexaminesthepropertiesofanimportantnonlinear（非線性的）device,thedioderectifier（整流器）.

本章介紹了一種重要的非線性設(shè)備——整流器。譯法總結(jié)：③譯成“也就是”或用破折號(hào)引出40(2)specialpositions(了解)

①主語的同位語處于主語前（一般譯成獨(dú)立的一句；或譯成“作為……”）

appositive,subject～

Anewtechnologyintroducedinthe1960’s,lasercanpiercethehardestsubstancesuchasdiamond.

激光是在20世紀(jì)60年代發(fā)展起來的一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)，它能穿透像金剛石這樣最堅(jiān)硬的物質(zhì)。②一個(gè)句子的同位語處于句子末尾（譯成單獨(dú)的一句）

～,appositive(anounphrase)Amagnetattractsironmaterials,afamiliarphenomenon.

磁鐵能吸引鐵質(zhì)材料，這是大家所熟悉的一種現(xiàn)象。(2)specialpositions(了解)

①主412.Complement補(bǔ)語p7（1）某些動(dòng)詞帶有補(bǔ)足語：let,make,call,find,get,have,keep（2）在被補(bǔ)足的成分和補(bǔ)足成分之間有以下兩種關(guān)系：

A.主表關(guān)系(is判別法)Wecallsuchamaterialaninsulator.(Suchamaterialisaninsulator.)B.主謂關(guān)系(拼接試探判別法)Metalsallowcurrenttoflowthroughthemeasily.

金屬允許電流容易地通過它們。2.Complement補(bǔ)語p7（1）某些動(dòng)詞帶有補(bǔ)足語：42★雙賓語與賓語補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別：

試探法：

Ishallgiveyouabook.

(Youareabook.Giveabooktoyou.)E.g.ThemagneticfieldstrengthisassignedasymbolH.

(保留賓語，assign可帶雙賓；兩者沒有主表關(guān)系)Theydon’tknowtheexacttimetostarttheexperiment.

(后置定語，沒有主謂關(guān)系)★雙賓語與賓語補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別：43

3.Parentheticclause插入語p7★Aruleforitsjudgment:

Itsbeingcrossedoutwon’taffectthemeaningandthestructureofthewholesentence.

(1)inthemainclauseLivingthingstoo,itnowseemscertain,obeythelawsofphysicsandchemistry.[≈Itnowseemscertainthat….]

現(xiàn)在似乎可以肯定的是，生物同樣遵循物理和化學(xué)的原理。

Thedensity（密度）ofasubstance,werecall,isitsmass（質(zhì)量）perunitvolume（體積）.

大家記得吧，物質(zhì)的密度就是其單位體積的質(zhì)量。3.Parentheticclause插入語p7★A44(2)inthesub-clauseOneofthemajorproblemswhichfacedmeinwritingthisbookwas“digesting”thevastliteratureoncomputer-basedlibrarysystemsandpresentingitinwhatIhopeisaclearandconcisemanner.

我在撰寫本書過程中所面臨的主要問題之一是“消化”有關(guān)機(jī)輔圖書館系統(tǒng)的大量文獻(xiàn)資料，并且以我希望的清晰、簡潔的方式來介紹它們。

(2)inthesub-clause45（3）using“say=letussay”orsometypeof“what-clause”Aresistorofsay100ohmsmaybeconnectedacrossC2.

在該容器兩端可以并接一個(gè)比如說100歐姆的電阻器。

Therulesmustbefew,and,whatismoreimportant,simple.

規(guī)則必須要少，而且更為重要的是，要簡單。

whichamountstothesamething“換句話說”

whatisequivalent“換句話說”

whatismoreimportantwhatismore“而且；更有甚者”

whatisthesamething“同樣的是；換個(gè)說法（也一樣）”（3）using“say=letussay”or46II.PrepositionalPhrases1.Formation(p8)preposition+theobjectofthepreposition(nounorpronoun)II.PrepositionalPhrases1.Fo472.FunctionsofaprepositionalphraseAdverbial狀語E.g.InthelibrarytherearemanybooksinEnglish.(p9)E.g.Thisexperimentshouldbedonewithcare.care,skill,ease,difficulty,withaccuracy,precision,flexibility,rapidity==theircorrespondingadverbs

補(bǔ)充知識(shí)點(diǎn)12.Functionsofaprepositiona48(2)Attribute定語

---asapostmodifieronlyTheswitchonthewallnearthedooroftheroomisfortheceilinglight.（p9）＊門邊墻上的開關(guān)是用來管頂燈的。(3)Complement補(bǔ)語---mostlythe“as-phrase”requiredbymanyverbsdefineAasB把A定義為BregardAasB

把A當(dāng)作為BrefertoAasB把A稱為BThisparameter（參數(shù)）isdefinedastheratioofsignaltonoise.

這個(gè)參數(shù)被定義為信號(hào)和噪聲之比。(2)Attribute定語---asapostmo49***Anincreasingnumberofengineeringdesignersfindit

ofvaluetohaveaworkingknowledgeofelectroniccomputers.

越來越多的工程設(shè)計(jì)者發(fā)現(xiàn)，具備計(jì)算機(jī)使用知識(shí)是有價(jià)值的。

of+interest,use,value,help,importance,significance=名詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞

***afewsetverbalphrases:(keep…atwork;set…inmotion)Electricitykeepsmachinesatwork.Nowsetthecharges（電荷）inmotionandmeasurethemagneticforce（磁力）.使電荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)補(bǔ)充知識(shí)點(diǎn)2***Anincreasingnumberofeng50(4)Predicative表語

Anothercommonapproachisthroughtheuseofasymmetricalsquarewave.(對(duì)稱方波)

另一常用的方法是使用一個(gè)對(duì)稱方波。

(5)Parenthesis

插入語---manysetphrases(infact;ofcourse;forexample,……)

Forexample,wecanmakeanelectricalbellwiththiskindofmagnet.(4)Predicative表語51(6)Prepositionalobject介詞賓語

---onlyafterafewprepositions,suchas“from★,except★,to,…)Theenergyfromwithintheearthcanbeexploited.

可以開發(fā)來自地球內(nèi)部的能量。

Thehighestorder（度）ofaccuracyobtainableinusingthistechniqueistowithin0.01percent.

用這種技術(shù)獲得的精度可以達(dá)到0.0001。(6)Prepositionalobject介詞賓語-52III.WordCollocationsSetphrases

inaword換句話說

takeplace發(fā)生，進(jìn)行

taketheplaceof代替2.Habitualcollocations★(1)Somenounsmustgowithdefiniteverbs.(2)Someverbs,adjectives,andnounsmustgowithdefiniteprepositions.III.WordCollocationsSetphra532.Habitualcollocations

(1)Somenounsmustgowithdefiniteverbs.

質(zhì)量improvethequality

效率raise[increase]theefficiency提高能力increasetheability

認(rèn)識(shí)deepentheunderstanding

警惕enhance[heighten]thevigilance

2.Habitualcollocations

(1)54

成就[進(jìn)步]makeachievements[progress]

一致意見reachcompleteagreementofviews取得教訓(xùn)drawlessons

成功achievesucces

同意obtainconsent作一分析[比較；研究]

makeananalysis[acomparison;astudy]

作一介紹[描述；說明]giveanintroduction[adescription;anexplanation]

成就[進(jìn)步]makeach55（2）Someverbs,adjectives,andnounsmustgowithdefiniteprepositions.E.g.Laserbeamsaresent

atthemoon.(p10)throwaimrush[沖向(vt.)shoot…at～(vi.)fireat～[向…開火]emitshout[朝…叫喊（歡呼）

sendpoint

(be)representativeof=represent(be)descriptiveof=describe(be)characteristicof=characterize(be)parallelto平行于。。。

(be)similarto類似于。。。動(dòng)詞搭配形容詞搭配（2）Someverbs,adjectives,and56Emphasisshouldbelaidonthecollocationofanounwithapreposition。①Afixedprepositiongoesbeforeorafteranoun.ⅰ.Beforeanounⅱ.Afteranoun②Animportantformatofwordcollocation

Format:noun

ofAprepositionB名詞搭配Emphasisshouldbelaidonthe57①Afixedprepositiongoesbeforeorafteranoun.ⅰ.Beforeanoun

無線電波向四面八方傳播。（p11）

Radiowavestravelinalldirections.

為此目的，大學(xué)生必須至少掌握一門外語。

Forthispurpose[Tothisend],collegestudentsmustmasteratleastoneforeignlanguage.E.g.

onalargescale（大規(guī)模地）

toagreat[large]extent[point,degree]（在很大程度上）

in(a)great[large]measure（在很大程度上）①Afixedprepositiongoesbef58

①Afixedprepositiongoesbeforeorafteranoun.

ⅱ.Afteranoun

E.g.他們?cè)趨⒓右苿?dòng)通訊國際會(huì)議。（p11）

Theyareattendinganinternationalconference

onmobilecommunications.E.g.Thesestudentsaredoinganexperiment

inphysics[onelectricity].

這些學(xué)生在做物理實(shí)驗(yàn)（in后跟大學(xué)科，on后跟小學(xué)科）

theresearch

on[into;with;for]imageprocessingtheanswer[key;solution]to(aproblem)thepreface

to(abook)anexception

to(arule)thecurrent

through(acomponent)thevoltage

across(acomponent)increase[decrease;rise;fall;reduction;variation]in…condition[requirement;technique,method;language;skill,equation;expression]for…①Afixedprepositiongoesbe59★②Animportantformatofwordcollocation

Format:noun

ofAprepositionB

Thetranslationcanbefurtherclassifiedasthefollowingthreesub-classes:ⅰ.The“noun”isanordinaryabstractnoun.

Translationpattern:“A。。。B的～”

E.g.Theadvantage

ofTDMAoverSCPCisthatmoregroundstationscanshareasinglesatellitetransponder（應(yīng)答器）.TDMA與SCPC相比的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是更多的地面站可共享一個(gè)衛(wèi)星應(yīng)答器?！铫贏nimportantformatofwor60②ⅰ.E.g.

Translationpattern:“A。。。B的～”

theratioofAtoBtheeffectofAon[upon]B

therelationshipofAtoB★thedistanceofAfromB

familiarityofAwithB

thesimilarityofAtoB★②ⅰ.E.g.61②ⅱ.The“noun”comesfromanintransitiveverb(不及物動(dòng)詞),inwhichcase“A”isthelogicalsubjectofthelogicalactionexpressedbythe“noun.”

Translationpattern:“A。。。B的～”

Thiscurveshowsthedependenceoftheoutputon[upon]theinput.

該曲線畫出了輸出對(duì)于輸入的依賴關(guān)系。

Allconductorsoffersmallresistancetothepassageofelectronsthroughthem.(passthrough)

電子流過導(dǎo)體時(shí)，遇到的阻力很小。②ⅱ.The“noun”comesfroman62

②

ⅱ.E.g.thepassageofAthroughB----passthroughthemotionofAround[around]BthedepartureofAfromBthereactionofAtoBA對(duì)B的作用

thevariationofAwithB②ⅱ.E.g.63②ⅲ.The“noun”comesfromatransitiveverb,inwhichcase“A”isthelogicalobjectoftheactionexpressedbythe“noun.”Translationtechnique:The“noun”isputintoatransitiveverb.E.g.Insolvingtheproblem,theresolutionofthisforceinto

x-andy-componentsisnecessary.

在解這個(gè)題的時(shí)候，需要把這個(gè)力分解為x分量y分量。E.g.Gradually,theusefulnessofmicroprocessorsascentralprocessingunitwasrealized.人們逐漸地實(shí)現(xiàn)了把微分處理器用作中央處理器。②ⅲ.The“noun”comesfromat64②