PAGE334考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經Unit1一、真題文章(1994年)Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsisoftheutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceoflikelybreakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooftencarelessuseofwordspreventsameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermaystirupunfavorablereactionsinthelistenerwhichinterferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmissionreceptionsystembreaksdown.Moreover，inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymakeitdifficultforthelistenertounderstandthemessagewhichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybeunabletoexplainordescribeinawaythatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.二、譯文與語言相關的，可以討論的首要的和最小的單位是詞。說話時，選詞是最重要的。適當的選詞可以消除交際過程中可能出現的障礙。用詞粗心大意往往阻礙說話人和聽話人的思想交流。說話人使用的詞匯可能引起聽話人的反感，從而干擾其理解。因此，這傳輸信息——接受信息系統就會中斷。而且，詞義不準確或不明確的詞使聽話人難于聽懂傳遞給他的信息。說話人的常用詞匯中如沒有詳細而精確的詞的話，就不可能用聽話人能理解的方式進行解釋或描述。三、考研核心詞匯choice/tFCis/n.選擇,抉擇,精選品,選擇機會,選擇權adj.精選的,上等的,挑三揀四的,可選的,寵愛的,愛惜的[例]Shehadtomakeachoicebetweenthetwodresses.她得在兩件衣服中選擇一件。[同義]alternative，cream，decision，option，pick，preference，selection[派生]choose/tFu:z/v.選擇,選定[固定搭配]atone'sownchoice隨意挑選,自由選擇；bechoiceof好挑剔的；utmost/5QtmEust/n.極限,最大可能,極力adj.極度的,最遠的[例]theutmostendsoftheearth天涯海角[同義]extreme,farthest,greatest,most[固定搭配]attheutmost至多；doone'sutmost盡全力；maketheutmostof...充分利用；totheutmost竭力;盡力；reaction/ri(:)5AkFEn/n.反應,反作用,反動(力)[例]Whatishisreactiontoyourproposal?他對你的建議有什么反應?[反義]action/5AkFEn/n.動作,作用,戰斗,行動,舉動,行為,(戲劇或書中)的情節,(某一地區、領域或團體中)最能產生效果、最有趣、最有刺激性的活動vt.對...起訴[派生]react/ri5Akt/vi.起反應,起作用,反抗,起反作用reactive/ri(:)5Aktiv/adj.反應的,起反作用的,反動的,電抗性的interfere/7intE5fiE/vi.干涉,干預,妨礙,打擾[例]IwasplayingwithJane,butAnneinterferedandspoiledthegame.我正在和珍妮玩，可是安妮插了進來，把游戲給打亂了。[同義]arbitrate,encroach,intercede,interrupt,intervene,intrude,meddle[派生]interference/7intE5fiErEns/n.沖突,干涉[固定搭配]interferein干涉,干預；interferewith妨礙;干涉,干擾；comprehension/7kCmpri5henFEn/n.理解,包含[例]Readingdependsonthecomprehensionoftheideasexpressedbythewordsused.閱讀有賴于對所用詞句所表達的含義的理解。[同義]apprehension[反義]incomprehension/in7kCmpri5henFEn/n.不了解,不領悟[派生]comprehensive/7kCmpri5hensiv/adj.全面的,廣泛的,能充分理解的,包容的comprehend/7kCmpri5hend/vt.領會,理解,包括(包含),由...組成hence/hens/adv.因此,從此[例]TheygrewupintheSudan;hencetheirinterestinNubianart.他們在蘇丹長大；由是產生了對努比亞藝術的興趣[同義]accordingly,away,consequently,elsewhere,fromnowon,latertherefore[反義]ago/E5^Eu/adv.以前的,以往的transmission/trAnz5miFEn/n.播送,發射,傳動,傳送,傳輸,轉播[例]transmissionofnews消息的傳播[同義]sending,transport,transfer,broadcast[反義]reception/ri5sepFEn/n.接待,招待會,接收[派生]transmissible/trAnz5misEbl/adj.可傳送的,可遺傳的transmit/trAnz5mit/vt.傳輸,轉送,傳達,傳導,發射,遺傳,傳播vi.發射信號,發報inaccurate/in5Akjurit/adj.錯誤的,不準確的[例]Thereisaslightinaccuracyinthisdesign.這張設計圖中有一點不大準確。[同義]incorrect,inexact[反義]accurate/5Akjurit/adj.正確的,精確的[派生]inaccuracy/in5AkjurEsi/n.錯誤indefinite/in5definit/adj.模糊的,不確定的,[語]不定的[例]anindefiniteleaveofabsence對在場者的離席無明確限制的[同義]broad,confused,general,hazy,indistinct,obscure,unclear,vague[反義]definite/5definit/adj.明確的,一定的[派生]indefinitely/in5definitli/adv.不確定地四、強化練習1.Andpriceisthenumberonefactorinfluencingconsumers'-------__________ofvehicleinChina,with98%ofrespondentsnamingit,comparedwith82%ofUKconsumersand83%ofthoseintheU.S.A.desireB.conclusionC.choiceD.purpose2.Althoughtherainpoursdownwiththe________relentlessness,ceasingalloutdooractivities,themanofthefieldliftshisfacetotheheavensandsmiles.A.topB.utmostC.gracefulD.dissipated3.TheRomanticMovement,whichstartedasa________againsttheindustrialrevolutionofthecentury,wasbornandflourishedinGermany,buthasnotstoppedtheGermansfrombeingEurope'smostsuccessfulentrepreneursandindustrialists.A.constancyB.constructionC.conventionD.reaction4.Firstofall,don’tletyouremotions________withyourvision.Dontseesomethingbecauseyouwanttoseeit.A.interfereB.interpretC.consolidateD.comply5.Topreventlocal__________ofthedisease,mosquito-breedingplacesmustbeeliminated.A.transferenceB.transmissionC.changeD.console答案：CBDAB考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經Unit2一、真題文章Sleepisdividedintoperiodsofso-calledREMsleep,characterizedbyrapideyemovementsanddreaming,andlongerperiodsofnon-REMsleep.Neitherkindofsleepisatallwell-understood,butREMsleepisassumedtoservesomerestorativefunctionofthebrain.Thepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmoremysterious.Thenewexperiments,suchasthesedescribedforthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingoftheSocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanationsforthepurposeofnon-REMsleep.Forexample,ithaslongbeenknownthattotalsleepdeprivationis100percentfataltorats,yet,uponexaminationofthedeadbodies,theanimalslookcompletelynormal.Aresearcherhasnowcastlightonthemysteryofwhytheanimalsdie.Theratsdevelopbacterialinfectionsoftheblood,asiftheirimmunesystems--theself-protectingmechanismagainstdisease--hadcrashed.二、譯文睡眠通常被分為所謂的REM睡眠階段（REM=rapideyemovement眼睛快速運動）和較長非REM睡眠階段，前者特點為眼球快速轉動并做夢。我們對兩種形式的睡眠了解都不多，但是人們認為REM睡眠對大腦起某種康復功能的作用。非REM睡眠的作用更加神秘。最近睡眠研究協會在明尼阿波利斯舉行的會議上，專家們首次描述的一些新實驗，對非REM睡眠的作用的闡釋令人興奮。例如，人們早已了解到，完全剝奪其睡眠對老鼠具有100%的致命性，然而，在檢查老鼠尸體時，這些動物看上去完全正常。一研究人員已闡明這些動物死亡原因的奧秘。老鼠患血液細菌感染，似乎他們的免疫系統（抵抗疾病的自我保護機制）已崩潰。三、考研核心詞匯characterize/5kArIktEraIz/vt.表現...的特色,刻畫的...性格[例]Thiskindofbehaviorcharacterizesthecriminalmind.這種舉止是罪犯的心理特征。[同義]depict,describe,distinguish,picture,portray,represent[派生]characterization/7kAriktErai5zeiFEn/n.描述,人物之創造assume/E5sju:m/vt.假定,設想,采取,呈現[例]Thequeenassumedavelvetrobe.王后穿了一件天鵝絨長袍[同義]adopt,believe,presume.puton,suppose,suspect[反義]conclude/kEn5klu:d/v.結束,終止,決定,作出結論vt.推斷,斷定,締結,議定[派生]assumed/E5sju:md/adj.假定的,假裝的,裝的restorative/ri5stC:rEtiv/adj.有助于復元的n.滋補劑[例]arestorativetonic有恢復作用的滋補品[派生]restore/ris5tC:/vt.恢復,使回復,歸還,交還,修復,重建function/5fQNkFEn/n.官能,功能,作用,職責,典禮,儀式,[數]函數vi.(器官等)活動,運行,行使職責[例]Growthisafunctionofnutrition.長身體是由營養決定的。[同義]act,ceremony,exercise,gathering,operate,perform[派生]functional/5fQNkFEnl/adj.功能的[固定搭配]publicfunction盛大的公共集會,正式社交集會；socialfunction盛大的公共集會,正式社交集會；purpose/5pE:pEs/n.目的,意圖,用途,效果,決心,意志vt.打算,企圖,決心[例]Hewenttotownwiththepurposeofbuyinganewtelevision.他進城的目的是買一臺新電視機。[同義]aim,design,determination,goal,intention,object[派生]purposeful/5pE:pEsful/adj.有目的的[固定搭配]onpurpose故意地；有意地；togoodpurpose有益地，有成效地tolittlepurposeortonopurpose幾乎徒勞的，少有成效地deprivation/7depri5veiFEn/n.剝奪[例]deprivationofcivilrights剝奪公民權[派生]deprival/di5praivEl/n.剝奪deprive/di5praiv/vt.剝奪,使喪失fatal/5feitl/adj.致命的,重大的,命運注定的,不幸的,致命的,毀滅性的[例]“Itisfataltoenteranywarwithoutthewilltowinit”(DouglasMacArthur).“不抱贏的希望參加戰爭，那是必死無疑的”（道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟）。[同義]deadly,destructive,disastrous,fateful,important,killing[派生]fatally/5feItElI/adv.致命地,宿命地,不幸地bacterial/bAk`tIErIEl/adj.細菌的[例]bacterialdiseases.細菌性疾病[派生]bacteria/bAk5tiEriE/n.細菌immune/i5mju:n/adj.免疫的[例]Thecriminalwastoldhewouldbeimmunefrompunishmentifhehelpedthepolice.罪犯被告知說,如果他協助警方,就可以免受懲罰。[同義]clear,exempt,free,resistant[反義]liable/5laiEbl/adj.有責任的,有義務的,易...的,有...傾向的,負有責任的,很有可能的susceptible/sE5septEbl/adj.易受影響的,易感動的,容許...的n.(因缺乏免疫力而)易得病的人[派生]immunize/`ImjU:naIz/v.使免疫,賦予免疫性crash/krAF/n.碰撞,墜落,墜毀,撞擊聲,爆裂聲v.碰撞,墜落,墜毀,(指商業公司,政府等)破產,垮臺[例]Theelephantcrashedthroughtheforest.大象沖進森林。[同義]break,shatter,smash,strike[派生]crasher/`krAFE(r)/n.猛擊,不速之客[固定搭配]onacrashbasis緊[應]急地；withacrash轟隆一聲；四、強化練習1.Thescientistsmonitoredthepatients'bloodpressure,releaseofharmfulhormones(荷爾蒙)andothermeasurablesthat__________heartfailure.A.characterizeB.considerC.integrityD.intend2.Thecompanies_________noobligationtoupdateanyforward-lookingstatements,whetherasaresultofnewinformation,futureeventsorotherwise.A.interveneB.dictateC.prolongD.assume3.Architecturalformshouldnotrigidlyfollow__________,butoughttoreflecttheneedsofthesocialbodyitrepresents.A.professionB.functionC.vacationD.vocation4.The________oftodayIcomehereistohelppeoplewhowanttolearnEnglishbutdon’tknowhowtolearn.A.neglectB.proposalC.purposeD.likely5.Survivalisusuallyuppermostinthemindsofcompanieswiththeirbackstothewall,evenifthatentailsbeingreducedtoaminoritystake.InThailand,however,mostailingcompaniesseemloathetoadmitthattheirconditionsmaybe_______.A.grossB.fatalC.flatD.extinct答案：ADBCB考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經Unit3一、真題文章Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.Theydonotprovideenergy,nordotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfortransformingfoodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthem,andifanyismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomesapparent.Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements-usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,andsometimesnitrogen.Theyaredifferentinthattheirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitaminperformsoneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.Gettingenoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionaluseforexcessvitamins.Manypeople,nevertheless,believeinbeingonthe"safeside"andthustakeextravitamins.However,awell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody'svitaminneeds.二、譯文維生素是有機化合物，飲食中少量的維生素是維持動物（包括人類）生存和生長必不可少的部分。它們不提供能量，也不構成身體的任何一部分，它們的任務是把食物轉變成能量和維持身體健康。至少有13種維生素，若缺少其中一種，缺乏癥疾病便明顯可見。各種維生素都很相似，因為它們由同樣的元素構成，一般包括碳、氫、氧，有時還有氮。各種維生素的不同之處在于，各種維生素的元素排列不同，同時每種維生素在人體內都有一種或多種特別的作用。吸取足夠的維生素對生命是必要的，但過量的維生素對人體并無滋養的用處。盡管如此，許多人出于保險的想法，還是攝入過量的維生素。不過均衡的飲食一般能夠完全滿足身體對維生素的全部需求。三、考研核心詞匯vitamin/5vaitEmin,5vi-/n.維他命,維生素[例]primaryvitamin維生素原[派生]vitaminic/7vaitE5minik/adj.維他命的organic/C:5^Anik/adj.器官的,有機的,組織的,建制的[例]anorganicpart一個有機的組成部分[派生]organism/5C:^EnizEm/n.生物體,有機體compound/5kCmpaund/n.混合物,[化]化合物adj.復合的v.混合,配合[例]Ifyoutakethisaction,itwillonlycompoundyourproblems.如果你這么做，只能徒然增加你的困難。[同義]complex,mixture,blend[派生]compounding/5kCmpaundiN/n.組合,混合maintenance/5meintinEns/n.維護,保持,生活費用,扶養[例]Hetookacoursetolearnaboutcarmaintenance.他學習了汽車保養的課程。[反義]abandonment/E5bAndEnmEnt/n.放棄[派生]maintain/men5tein/vt.維持,維修,繼續,供養,主張deficiency/di5fiFEnsi/n.缺乏,不足[例]anutritionaldeficiency營養缺乏[同義]shortage,insufficiency,lack,inadequacyweakness[派生]deficient/di5fiFEnt/adj.缺乏的,不足的,不完善的[固定搭配]makeupforadeficiency補足虧空apparent/E5pArEnt/adj.顯然的,外觀上的[例]Itwasapparentthatheknewnothingabouthowtorepaircars.很明顯，他一點兒也不知道怎樣修理小汽車。[同義]clear,evident,obvious,plain,seeming[反義]hidden/5hidn/v.hide的過去分詞adj.隱藏的[派生]apparently/E5pArEntlI/adv.顯然地arrange/E5reindV/v.安排,排列,協商[例]Inadictionarythewordsarearrangedinalphabeticalorder.詞典里的詞是按字母順序編排的。[同義]adapt,catalog,classify,fit,organize,settle[反義]derange/di5reindV/vt.使錯亂,擾亂,使精神錯亂,使發狂disturb/dis5tE:b/vt.弄亂,打亂,打擾,擾亂v.擾亂[派生]arrangement/E5reindVmEnt/n.排列,安排[固定搭配]arrangefor安排,準備；arrangewithsb.aboutsth.與某人商定某事；essential/i5senFEl/adj.本質的,實質的,基本的,提煉的,精華的n.本質,實質,要素,要點[例]Whatistheessentialdifferencebetweenthesetwoeconomicsystems?這兩種經濟體制的本質區別是什么?[同義]basic,fundamental,important,necessary,needed,required[派生]essentiality/i7senFi5Aliti/n.本性,真髓,本質,重要性excess/ik5ses,5ekses/n.過度,剩于,無節制,超過,超額adj.過度的,額外的[例]Youhavetopayforexcessluggageonaplane.在飛機上你得付超重的行李費。[同義]additional,extra,surplus[反義]deficiency/di5fiFEnsi/n.缺乏,不足[派生]excessive/ik5sesiv/adj.過多的,過分的,額外[固定搭配]inexcessof超過四、強化練習1.Theresultsshowedthattobaccoyieldscouldincreasewiththeincreaseof_________fertilizer.A.organicB.corruptC.poisonousD.civil2.Wespeculatethatitisnotcaffeinebutperhapssomeother______containedinsoda-typesoftdrinksthatmayberesponsiblefortheincreasedriskinhypertension,"saidthestudy,whichwaspublishedintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation.A.contemporaryB.counterpartC.compoundD.content3.TheGovernmentisplanningtoassign40percentofroad_______workstotheprivatesectorcontractorsintheshorttermandincreasethelevelto100percentin10years.A.scheduleB.maintenanceC.scrapeD.scrutiny4.Itbecame________thatourstayintheU.S.wouldbealongoneandIimmediatelybeganthinkingonhowbesttopursuemyinterestineconomics.A.secureB.shallowC.apparentD.apparatus5.Nowanyhotelortravelagencycanbookyourticketsand________transportationtothestation.A.superviseB.interfereC.resentD.arrange答案：ACBCD考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經Unit4一、真題文章ManpowerInc.,with560,000workers,istheworld'slargesttemporaryemploymentagency.Everymorning,itspeopleswarmintotheofficesandfactoriesofAmerica,seekingaday'sworkforaday'spay.Onedayatatime.AsindustrialgiantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBMstruggletosurvivebyreducingthenumberofemployees,Manpower,basedinMilwaukee,Wisconsin,isbooming.Eventhoughitseconomycontinuestorecover,theUSisincreasinglybecominganationofpart-timersandtemporaryworkers.This"disposable"workforceisthemostimportanttrendinAmericanbusinesstoday,anditisfundamentallychangingtherelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheirjobs.Thephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremaingloballycompetitivewhileavoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdensimposedbyemploymentrules,healthcarecostsandpensionplans.Forworkersitcanmeananendtothesecurity,benefitsandsenseofimportancethatcamefrombeingaloyalemployee.二、譯文擁有五十六萬員工的人力公司是世界上最大的臨時就業代理機構。每天清晨，該公司的員工們涌入美國的工廠和辦公室，尋找一份只干一天、當天付薪的工作。某日，正當通用汽車公司和IBM這樣的工業巨頭們正通過裁減雇員數目以求設法生存時，總部在威斯康星州密爾沃基市的“人力公司”卻是門庭若市。即使美國的經濟繼續恢復，兼職和臨時工的人數也還是不斷增加。這種“一次性”的就業大軍是當今美國經濟的最重要的趨勢，而且它從根本上改變了個人與職業的關系。這種現象為這些公司開辟了一條道路，使其既不失國際競爭力，又可以不受市場周期的沖擊，避免就業法規、醫療保健和養老金法案帶來的日益增加的負擔。對雇員而言，這將意味著不再享有保障、福利，不再具有作為一個忠實雇員的使命感。三、考研核心詞匯agency/5eidVEnsi/n.代理處,行銷處,代理,中介[例]agencygeneral總代理[同義]management,office,operation,work[派生]agent/5eidVEnt/n.代理(商)swarm/swC:m/n.蜂群,一大群v.涌往,擠滿,密集,成群浮游,云集[例]Thebeachisswarmingwithbathers.海灘滿是海浴的人。[同義]assemble,cluster,collect,crowd,gather,meet[固定搭配]aswarmof一群,一堆；swarminto蜂擁而入；swarmwith充滿著,擁擠著；giant/5dVaiEnt/n.巨人,大力士,巨大的動物或植物,偉人,天才adj.龐大的,巨大的[例]Shakespeareisagiantamongwriters.莎士比亞是一位文壇巨匠。[同義]colossal,enormous,gigantic,huge,immense,mammoth,monumental,[反義]diminutive/di5minjutiv/adj.小的,指小的,小型的n.小的人,指小辭,指小詞,愛稱dwarf/dwC:f/n.矮子,侏儒v.(使)變矮小,[派生]giantlike/`dVaIEntlaIk/adj.巨人般的,巨大的disposable/dis5pEuzEbl/adj.可任意使用的[例]Everydisposablepieceofequipmentwassenttothefire.每一種可用的設備都被大火燒毀了[派生]disposal/dis5pEuzEl/n.處理,處置,布置,安排,配置,支配dispose/dis5pEuz/v.處理,處置,部署vt.布置,安排,除去,使愿意fundamentally/fQndE5mentElI/adv.基礎地,根本地[例]Sheisfundamentallyunsuitedtoofficework.她根本不適合做辦公室工作。[同義]primarily[派生]fundament/5fQndEmEnt/n.基礎,基本原理,臀部fundamental/7fQndE5mentl/adj.基礎的,基本的n.基本原則,基本原理pension/5penFEn/n.養老金,退休金[例]“SomeFrenchfarmerssuggestthattheGovernmentpensionofftheolderandlessefficientfarmers”(E.J.Dionne,Jr.)“一些法國農夫向政府建議讓那些年長的或工作效率低下的農夫領取退休金或補助金而退休”(小E.J.迪翁)[同義]aid,allowance,assistance,grant,help,stipend[派生]pensionable/`penFLnEbl/adj.有資格領退休金的,可領退休金的loyal/5lCiEl/adj.忠誠的,忠心的[例]Thepeoplestayedloyaltotheircountry.人民忠于他們的國家。[同義]devoted,dutiful,faithful,obedient,true,trustworthy[反義]disloyal/dis5lCiEl/adj.不忠的,背叛的,不忠誠的[派生]loyalty/5lCIEltI/n.忠誠,忠心四、強化練習1.Buyingatrainorabusticketusedtobeamajorhassle.Nowanyhotelortravel________canbookyourticketsA.resourceB.recollectionC.agencyD.agony2.He’sjustlikeaflyhangingaround.Sorry,notafly.It’sa________offliesflyingnearyourearsA.bunchB.swarmC.lumpD.pile3.Theywere________,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,orformed.A.giantB.cleverC.delightD.light4.Nowadaystheaverageageatwhichpeoplesettledownandmarryismucholderthanitwas30yearsago,sosingleswilltendtohavemore________income.”A.dependentB.redundantC.professionalD.disposable5."JohnMillswasagreatactor,atruegentlemananda________friend;someonewhomadeusproudtobeBritish,"Blairsaidinastatement.A.loyalB.liarC.gangsterD.predominant答案：CBADA考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經Unit5一、真題文章UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.Theyadmittedthatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingfortheaverageman.Buttheyinsistedthatitsimmediateresultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthebulkoftheEnglishpopulation.Bycontrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstillacompletelyagriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.Thisview,however,isgenerallythoughttobewrong.Specialistsinhistoryandeconomics,haveshowntwothings:thattheperiodfrom1650to1750wasmarkedbygreatpoverty,andthatindustrializationcertainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthemajorityofthepopulace.二、譯文直到不久以前，絕大部分歷史學家對工業革命仍持批評的態度。他們承認，從長期來看工業化大大地提高了普通人的生活水平。但是，他們堅持認為在1750至1850年間，工業革命所造成的直接后果是給大多數英國民眾帶來了普遍的貧窮和困苦。相比之下，他們認為在那之前的一百年，即1650至1750年，那時英國依舊還是個完全的農業國，但那是一個富裕繁榮的歷史時期。然而，人們普遍認為這種觀點是錯誤的。歷史學和經濟學方面的專家已經證明了兩件事：從1650年到1750年期間以極度貧困為特征，而工業化顯然沒有使這種狀況惡化；事實上卻可能改善了絕大多數平民百姓的生活條件。三、考研核心詞匯industrialization/in7dQstriElai5zeiFn/n.工業化,產業化[例]bringaboutindustrialization實現工業化[派生]industrialize/in5dQstriElaiz/vt.使工業化vi.工業化average/5AvEridV/n.平均,平均水平,平均數,海損adj.一般的,通常的,平均的vt.平均為,均分,使平衡,達到平均水平vi.買進,賣出[例]WhatistheaveragerainfallforAugustinyourcountry?你們國家八月份的平均降雨量是多少?[同義]fair,medium,middle,ordinary,passable,usual[反義]maximum/5mAksimEm/n.最大量,最大限度,極大adj.最高的,最多的,最大極限的,minimum/5minimEm/adj.最小的,最低的n.最小值,最小化[派生]averagely/5AvEridVli/adv.平均地,一般地[固定搭配]lawofaverages平均律；on(an)average通常；按平均；widespread/5waIdspred,-5spred/adj.分布廣泛的,普遍的[例]awidespreaddisease一種流行病[派生]widespreader/5waid5spredE/撒布裝置misery/5mizEri/n.痛苦,苦惱,悲慘,不幸,窮困[例]Miserylovescompany.同病相憐。[同義]distress[反義]happiness/5hApinis/n.幸福,快樂[派生]miserable/5mizErEbl/adj.痛苦的,悲慘的,可憐preceding/pri(:)5si:diN/adj.在前的,前述的[例]theprecedingnight前一晚[同義]previous,prior,former[派生]precede/pri(:)5si:d/v.領先(于),在...之前,先于abundance/E5bQndEns/n.豐富,充裕,豐富充裕[例]Thetreeyieldsanabundanceoffruit.這樹結果甚多。[同義]plenty,profusion[反義]lack/lAk/n.缺乏,短缺的東西vt.缺乏,沒有,需要vi.缺乏,沒有[派生]abundant/E5bQndEnt/adj.豐富的,充裕的,豐富,盛產,富于specialist/5speFElIst/n.專門醫師,專家[例]aspecialistinoncology一個腫瘤科醫生[同義]expert[派生]special/5speFEl/n.特派員,專車,專刊adj.特別的,特殊的,專門的,populace/5pCpjulEs/n.平民[例]majorityofthepopulace絕大多數平民百姓四、強化練習1.The_______ageatfirstmarriageintheUSAhasbeeninchingupward;it'snow26forwomenand27formen.A.firstB.averageC.fundamentalD.essence2.KungFufeaturesabundantvarietiesanddelicateskillsandhasbecome__________physicalexercises.A.valuableB.pricelessC.widespreadD.worthless3.OftheJanuarysun;andnottothinkofany_________inthesoundofthewind,inthesoundofafewleaves.A.prickB.prestigeC.pressureD.misery4.RicemayreignsupremeinVietnamesecuisine(烹飪),butfishandseafoodarenotfarbehindinsignificanceor__________.A.abundanceB.pretextC.prideD.pack5._________economicconsiderationsarewhattheChinesePresidenttermed"threeevilforces"-terrorism,extremismandseparatism-whichpromptedtheideaofaregionalmechanism.A.LesseningB.LegalC.PrecedingD.Dizzy答案：BCDAC考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經Unit6一、真題文章Industrialsafetydoesnotjusthappen.Companieswithlowaccidentratesplantheirsafetyprograms,workhardtoorganizethem,andcontinueworkingtokeepthemaliveandactive.Whentheworkiswelldone,aclimateofaccident-freeoperationsisestablishedwheretimelostduetoinjuriesiskeptataminimum.Successfulsafetyprogramsmaydiffergreatlyintheemphasisplacedoncertainaspectsoftheprogram.Someplacegreatemphasisonmechanicalguarding.Othersstresssafeworkpracticesbyobservingrulesorregulations.Stillothersdependonanemotionalappealtotheworker.But,therearecertainbasicideasthatmustbeusedineveryprogramifmaximumresultsaretobeobtained.Therecanbenoquestionaboutthevalueofasafetyprogram.Fromafinancialstand-pointalone,safetypaysoff.Thefewertheinjuryclaims,thebettertheworkman'sinsurancerate.Thismaymeanthedifferencebetweenoperatingataprofitorataloss.二、譯文安全生產并非始自今日。事故發生率較低的公司往往制定安全計劃，盡力安排計劃的實施，并不斷努力使其保持活力、發揮作用。當上述工作圓滿完成時，一個無事故的作業環境便建立起來。在這里，因人員傷害而損失的時間便會保持在最低水平。成功的安全計劃因其側重點不同而存在很大的差異。有些計劃把重點放在對機械的安全防護上，有些則強調通過遵守規章制度來保證安全生產，還有一些是依靠對工人采取動之以情的做法。但是要想獲得最佳效果，在每個安全措施中，都要遵循某些基本的觀念。安全生產的價值毋庸置疑。單從經濟角度來看，安全生產也是大有裨益的。傷害索賠越少，員工的保險率就越高。它可能意味著企業經營的盈虧。三、考研核心詞匯establish/is5tAbliF/vt.建立,設立,安置,使定居,使人民接受,確定v.建立[例]Theclubhasestablishedanewruleallowingwomentojoin."俱樂部制定了一條新規章,允許婦女入會。"[同義]demonstrate,fix,found,organize,prove,set,settle,show[反義]demolish/di5mCliF/vt.毀壞,破壞,推翻,粉碎[派生]establishment/is5tAbliFmEnt/n.確立,制定,設施,公司,軍事組織due/dju:/n.應得物、權力,[復]應付款adj.應得的,應付的,正當的,預期的,(車、船預定)應到的[例]Ourthanksareduetohim.我們要感謝他。[同義]equitable,fair,fitting,just,proper,rightful,square[反義]undue/5Qn5dju:/adj.不適當的[固定搭配]dueto因為；由…引起；由于；differ/5difE/vi.不一致,不同[例]ChinesediffersgreatlyfromJapaneseinpronunciation.漢語發音跟日語大不相同。[反義]coincide/7kEuin5said/vi.一致,符合[派生]difference/5difErEns/n.差異,差別,分歧,爭論,[數]差額,差分adj.[數]微分的,[機]差動的[固定搭配]agreetodiffer求同存異,彼此保留不同意見；begtodiffer恕不茍同；differfrom不同于;和...不同;和...意見不一致；differin在...方面不同；differwithsb.與某人意見不同；stress/stres/n.重壓,逼迫,壓力,重點,著重,強調,重音vt.著重,強調,重讀[例]Imuststressthatwehaven'tmuchtime.我必須強調我們沒有多少時間了。[同義]accent,emphasis,force,importance,insistence,pressure,strain,tension[固定搭配]stressoutSlang極度受壓經歷如來自于工作的極端壓力；appeal/E5pi:l/n.請求,呼吁,上訴,吸引力,要求vi.求助,訴請,要求vt.控訴[例]Thegovernmentisappealingtoeveryonetosavewater.政府呼吁每個人節約用水。[同義]beg,entreat,implore,plead[派生]appealing/E5pi:liN/adj.吸引人的,哀訴似的,懇求似的[固定搭配]appealto向...呼吁[請求]；obtain/Eb5tein/vt.獲得,得到[例]Ihaven'tbeenabletoobtainthatbook.我還沒能得到那本書。[同義]acquire,earn,gain,get,procure,receive,secure[反義]lose/lu:z/vt.遺失,浪費,錯過,輸去,使失去,使迷路,使沉溺于vi.受損失,失敗[派生]obtainable/Eb5teInEb(E)l/adj.能得到的,可到手的insurance/in5FuErEns/n.保險,保險單,保險業,保險費[例]Abalanceddietisaninsuranceagainstmalnutrition.均衡的食譜是防止營養不良的保證。[派生]insure/in5FuE/vt.給...保險v.確保四、強化練習1.Wesincerelyhopeto________businessrelationswithyouresteemedcorporation.A.distributeB.establishC.arrangeD.erode2.Andwherewealthywomen_______frommostmenisintheirinterestsinsociallyresponsibleinvesting.A.disagreeB.esteemC.escalateD.differ3.__________isnothealthy,anditmakeseveryoneangry.A.ErectionB.CruiseC.StressD.Cue4.Computertechnologyenabledtheresearchersto_______precisemeasurementsofthevolumeofthefrontandsidesectionsofthebrain,whichrelatetointellect(智能)andemotion,anddeterminethehumancharacter.A.obtainB.complainC.composeD.constitute5.Inalifetime,manyofusspendasmuchon________aswedoonotherthings.A.coinageB.insuranceC.clusterD.casualty答案：BDCAB考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經Unit7一、真題文章Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgraininsteadofconsumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamilyonlyifheproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsuranceagainsttheunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinordertoreplaceoldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizerstofeedthesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigationchannelsandimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbeself-sufficient.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyorseekextrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalowrateofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenotfrequentlyobtainable.二、譯文如果一個農民想要獲得成功，就必須使消費與生產之間保持一個較大的差距。他必須儲存大量谷物而不是立即將其消費掉。一個農民必須要有余糧才能持續養活自己和家人。農民必須以如下三種方式來使用這些剩余糧食：留做播種用，留做備荒用，留做商品賣掉以更新農具和買化肥用給土壤施肥用。要修建灌溉溝渠，或以其他方式改善農田，也可能需要錢。如果沒有余糧可用，農民就不能自給自足。他就不得不賣掉部分財產或者想辦法通過貸款籌得資金。很自然他會設法去貸低息貸款，但是這種貸款往往是不容易得到的。三、考研核心詞匯consumption/kEn5sQmpFEn/n.消費,消費量,肺病[例]Thepetrolconsumptionofthebigcarasveryhigh.這輛大的小汽車耗油量很大。[反義]production/prE5dQkFEn/n.生產,產品,作品,(研究)成果[派生]consume/kEn5sju:m/vt.消耗,消費,消滅,大吃大喝,吸引vi.消滅,毀滅surplus/5sE:plEs/n.剩余,過剩,[會計]盈余adj.過剩的,剩余的vt.轉讓,賣掉[例]Brazilhasabigsurplusofcoffee.巴西有很多剩余的咖啡。[同義]additional,excess,extra,leftover,spare,superfluous,supplementary[反義]deficit/5defisit/n.赤字,不足額[固定搭配]operationsurplus營業盈余；overallsurplus總順差；commodity/kE5mCditi/n.日用品[例]AirconditionersareoneofthemanycommoditiesthatJapansellsabroad.空調是日本許多出口商品中的一種。[同義]article,product,wareimplement/5implimEnt/n.工具,器具vt.貫徹,實現v.執行[例]Thecommittee'sdecisionswillbeimplementedimmediately.委員會的決定將立即執行。[同義]apparatus,appliance,bringabout,carryout,complete,contraption[派生]implementation/7implimen5teiFEn/n.執行implementary/9ImplI`mentErI/adj.實施的,執行的fertilizer/5fE:ti7laizE/n.肥料(尤指化學肥料),[動]受精媒介物[例]Hewasnotonlyadistinguishedwriterbutafertilizerofothertalents.他不僅是個杰出的作家,而且還有使人獲益的其它才干。[派生]fertilize/5f\:tIlaIz/vt.施肥,使豐饒,使受精,使肥沃,使多產irrigation/7iri5^eiFEn/n.灌溉,沖洗[例]bringthefarmlandunderirrigation使農田水利化[派生]irrigate/5iri^eit/vt.灌溉,修水利,沖洗傷口,使潮濕vi.進行灌溉sufficient/sE5fiFEnt/adj.充分的,足夠的[例]Sufficientdatahavebeencollectedforthebuildingproject.為這項建筑工程已經收集了充分的資料。[同義]adequate,ample,enough,plenty,satisfactory[反義]insufficient/7insE5fiFEnt/adj.不足的,不夠的n.不足[派生]sufficiency/sE5fiFEnsi/n.充足,自滿,足量fund/fQnd/n.資金,基金v.支助,投資[例]publicwelfarefund公益金[同義]assets,stock,supply[固定搭配]infunds手頭有錢;有資本；nofunds存款不足(銀行退回空頭支票時用語)；outoffunds缺錢；slushfund職工文娛活動的資金；loan/lEun/n.（借出的）貸款,借出v.借,借給[例]Thebankloanedmesomemoney.銀行借給了我一些錢。[同義]advance,give,lend[反義]borrow/5bCrEu/v.借,借入,借用[派生]loanable/5lEunEbl/adj.可借出的四、強化練習1."Iftheinstitute'sresultsarecorrect,thentheactualnumbersforcocaine________aremuchhigherthantheacceptedfigures,"RomanSimonsaid.A.assumptionB.assimilationC.deteriorationD.consumption2.Aboveall,inwesternareasofChina,thereis_______ofelectricitysupply.So,citiesthatarethirstyforelectricitymayaskforremotehelp.A.definiteB.surplusC.limitedD.deliberate3.Thecompanyhelpsbusinesses_______growthstrategies,leveragetechnology,andthrivethroughthepowerofcollaboration.A.deliverB.circulateC.implementD.commemorate4.Tobeginwith,youmustworkhardatyourlessonsandbefullypreparedbeforetheexam.Without________preparation,youcanhardlyexpecttoanswerallthequestionscorrectly.A.sufficientB.deficientC.formidableD.abundant5.Suddenlyploughedtractsand_______channelsappeared,andtheglistenoffloodedrice-fields;andcranesprecededthesuburbsofMari.A.fractureB.fragmentC.irrigationD.impulse答案：DBCAC考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經Unit8一、真題文章ThegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcasessuchasthetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificanttighteningoflegalcontrolsoverthepress.LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroduceadraftbillthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnessesillegalandwillstrictlycontrolthe