英語中實義動詞英語中實義動詞英語中實義動詞xxx公司英語中實義動詞文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度英語實義動詞語法講義

I．主要常用不及物的動詞。不及物動詞后面不能跟賓語。只能用以："主＋謂"結(jié)構(gòu)。

agreedisagreequarrelshoutcrylaughobjectsightalkbargainmatterworkstrugglefightgraduatesucceeddielistenlookstareglancehurryachefevercoughappearbelongcaredependlonghappenoccurexplodepauseresultsnowrain

gocomefallarrivesaildiveflowswimtravelwalkskatejumprisesitstaystep

waitremainsleeprestheadexistlivedance

II.延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞

表示的動作在瞬間就可以完成,瞬間動詞的完成時態(tài)不能跟表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。

1)用于完成時的區(qū)別

延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷；瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。

Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那項工作。(表結(jié)果)

I'veknownhimsincethen.我從那時起就認識他了。(表經(jīng)歷)

2)用于till/until從句的差異

延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示"做……直到…"瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示"到…，才……"

Hedidn'tcomebackuntilteno'clock.

他到10點才回來。

Hesleptuntilteno'clock.

他一直睡到10點。

典型例題

1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.

A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet

答案B.首先本題后句強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，severaltimes告知為反復發(fā)生的動作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。

2.---I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.

A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe

答案A.等待的動作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。

主要常用瞬間動詞

arrive,borrow,buy,close,fall,finish,go,join,kill,hit,leave,lend,die,marry,open,reach,return,start,stop,recognizeseethrow

III.主要及物動詞。及物動詞后面必須跟賓語,可以用于："主＋謂＋賓"；"主＋謂＋雙賓"主＋謂＋賓＋賓補"結(jié)構(gòu).

acceptreceiveearngainlosemisspackfoldloadachieveadmitafforddeclareannouncereviewbroadcastdescribediscussdoubtsupposecorrectmastermentioninferrepeatspellpractiseremindattemptattractinvitebookbitebakefrymilkwaterpourfilllockfastenbrushcombtidymineburydigremoveploughplantgrowcovercutcelebrateliberatebasechangebuildpumpdustcleansweepclosetearcompletefinishcontainincludedamagedestroyruinwiperepairmendfixdelivercarryshipcrossblocktieparkpulllinelistfightstruggledefeatdefendprotecteducatetraintestdecideplandesigninventexaminetestexperiencetrainintroducefollowformperformfoundhitholdincreasereducediscoverstealattackwoundkillmurderstarvekisstreatcuredesertthrowkickdevotetrustloveadmirehonourrespectvaluedesireenjoycomfortcalmpitytrustsupporthatedislikegreetwelcomethankdisturbfoolservesentencepunishmonitorownplatepricepublishprinttypeprepareputplacelayraiseliftreachheatwarmruleobeypraisescoldblamesavewastescoremarksortstorespenduniteconnectlimitwatchtouchpressvisitwaveweartimeusetotal

answerborrowbringbuychargecosthandenvyfetchnamepresentpostofferowequestionshowsupplyprovide

astonishdisappointfrighteninterestsatisfyseatshocksurprisetire

bearcatchhavekeepmakemeangivepicktakesend

considerknowhopeimaginefindproverealizerecognizerequestrequiresaytellsensesuggestunderstandwarnstatethink

adviceallowaskcheckdirectemployexpectforbidforceforgiveguidehireexcuseneednoticeletlikepersuadepermitpromisewantwishIV.．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞，其意義不變

continuebeginstartadvanceattendaimawakeblowbatheinsistinterruptreadwriterollpaintridereportseekrootshopfacefeedhurtgatherendclaptradestudyturnwinsmokewashstoptrysuffersellshinesetsewpaymindjoinfitfloatdropdelightdevelopbelievedivideforgetspeakeatdrownboilbendbreatheburnburstclimbcollectdelaydoubledressflyhideleadlandlearninchlackmeetmeasuresingmixopenorganizemarryracerecorddrinkspreadsmoothslowrecoverriderowimprove

callclearshutsinkfearteachsharehelpcookbreakcomparecrowdremember

V.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞，其意義完全不同。

escapepartoperatereachrunrushreturnsearchsettleshootstrikespeedstampplayringhangsmellgetmanageregretdrawbeatlightdrivematchleavemovelaststandfailsucceedshakeknockweighstick

V.主動形式表被動意義的常見動詞。基本結(jié)構(gòu)subj+V+adv。如，Booksofthiskindsellswell。Yourpenwritessmoothly。Yourcompositionreadswell。

sellreadwritewearkeepdrawcuttearactlockrentwashbreakcookcleanopenworkout

VI．常沒有被動語態(tài)而容易誤用被動式的動詞。如，Heavylossesweresufferedbythem。（錯）。Theysufferedheavylosses。（對）

havefitlacksuitholdcostsufferlastbecomestandbelongtodependonhappentakeplacebreakoutturnout

VII．英語中一些常用進行時或現(xiàn)在時表將來的動詞。如，Themeetingbeginsat1：30intheafternoon。I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida。Iamtakingmymum。

comegoleavestartdrivemovebegintakefallarrivereturnsetofflandfly

VIII．英語中一些常用過去完成時或過去時表示未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望，打算或意圖。如，

Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldn’taffordanytime。

---Whyhaven’tyouboughtanybutter?

----ImeanttobutIforgotaboutit.

hopeexpectmeanintendsupposewantthink

IX.形式上主句否定餓而實際上否定轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，這類動詞之后可接so或not代替從句。如，Idon’tthinktheyhavemadetheirminds，have’ntthey？

Isyourbrothergoingwithyou

Ithinknot.或Idon’tthinkso.

thinkbelieveexpectimaginesupposefancy

注意：hopeguessfearfancy不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移，只能說Iguessnot而不能說

Idon’tguessso。

X.常見的只跟帶to的動詞不定式作賓語的及物動詞或短語。

wantwishhopeexpectwouldlike/lovecarechooselearndesirelongplanpreparemeandesignagreepromiseofferrefuseaskbegdemandintenddecidedeterminemakeupone‘smindtendbothertroublemanagetryattemptaffordpretendaimtryone’sbesthavenochoicebut

注意：動詞+疑問詞+to

decide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,telldiscoverdiscussask

Pleaseshowushowtodothat.

Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.

XI.常見的跟帶to的動詞不定式作賓補的及物動詞或短語。即，動詞+賓語+(todo)

commandcompelconsiderdeclaredriveenableencouragefindforbidforceguesshireimagineinduceinforminstructinvitejudgeknowlikeorderpermitpersuaderemindreportrequestrequireselectsendstatesupposetellthinktraintrustunderstandurgewarn

例句：a.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.

b.Webelievehimtobeguilty.

注意：promiseknowhopedemand

常見的不跟帶to的動詞不定式作賓補的及物動詞let,have,makesee,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find

XII．動詞及短語后加doing作賓語V.+doingsth

admitappreciateavoidcompleteconsiderdelaydenyendureenjoyescapepreventfancyfinishimaginemindmisspostponekeeppractiserecallresistrisksuggestfaceincludestandunderstandforgiveexcuse

defendinvolveavoidpardon

admittoprefer…tobeusedtoleadtodevoteoneselftoobjecttosticktobebusylookforwardtoto為介詞）nogood,nouse,beworth…giveupcan'thelp,

It'snouse/goodbetiredoffeellike

befondofbeproudofthinkof/aboutputoffkeeponinsistoncounton/uponsetaboutbesuccessfulin

goodattakeupburstoutprevent…from…

舉例(1)Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please

(2)Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.

注意：動詞ing形式與不定式語義不同的有12組：

1stoptodostopdoing

2forgettodoforgetdoing

3remembertodorememberdoing

4regrettodoregretdoing

5beusedtodobeusedtodoing

6trytodotrydoing

7goontodogoondoing

8afraidtodoafraiddoing

9interestedtodointeresteddoing

10meantodomeandoing

11begin/starttodobegin/startdoing

12can‘thelptodocan’thelpdoing

X．表示"據(jù)說"或"相信"的詞組