句子的成分MembersoftheSentence句子的成分MembersoftheSentence一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)。一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement

主賓表補(bǔ)定狀Membersofsentence:主賓表補(bǔ)定狀（一）主語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)(Subject)

表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事.

是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如：（一）主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(Subject)1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）1.Duringthe1990s,Americanc7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主語(yǔ)從句）（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）7.Whenwearegoingtohavean（二）謂語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)(Predicate)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.（二）謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(Predicate)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。如：

DoyouspeakEnglish？

Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：

Wearestudents.注意：謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)與數(shù)方面要保持一致。2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（三）表語(yǔ)

表語(yǔ)(Predicative)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如：（三）表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)(Predicative)1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）2.Isityours?（代詞）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞）1.OurteacherofEnglishisan6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（動(dòng)名詞）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介詞短語(yǔ)）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：

Heisateacher.2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3）表像系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像”這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,

例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，

4）感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6）終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove,turnout,表達(dá)"結(jié)果是;證明是"，之意，例如：

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

（四）賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（Object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名詞）（代詞、動(dòng)名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）（四）賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（Object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)從句）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththe賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi)：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi)：下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)

ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：

Herefusedtolendmehisbike.下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)

admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：

Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。

forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如：

Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒(méi)來(lái))

Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(書(shū)已還給他了)

下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同，如me（五）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（ObjectComplement），用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語(yǔ)之后，賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“賓補(bǔ)”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如：（五）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（ObjectCompleme1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（從句）1.HisfathernamedhimXiaomin（六）定語(yǔ)

修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)(Attribute)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名詞）4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）（六）定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)(Attr5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動(dòng)名詞）7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語(yǔ)）8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定語(yǔ)從句)5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefi（七）狀語(yǔ)

修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（七）狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分詞短語(yǔ)）（名詞）（狀語(yǔ)從句）4.Heisintheroommakingam9種狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）（原因狀語(yǔ)）（條件狀語(yǔ)）（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）（方式狀語(yǔ)）9種狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下：1.HowaboutmeetingShecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）（目的狀語(yǔ)）（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）（讓步狀語(yǔ)）（比較狀語(yǔ)）Shecameinwithadictionary

（八）同位語(yǔ)（Appositive）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋?zhuān)ǔＳ擅~、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.（九）插入語(yǔ)（Parenthesis）對(duì)一句話(huà)做一些附加的解釋?zhuān)ǔＳ衪obehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe---)等，如：Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.（八）同位語(yǔ)（Appositive）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞練習(xí)一.指出下列句子劃線(xiàn)部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial練習(xí)一.指出下列句子劃線(xiàn)部分是什么句子成分：S.Attrib6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.Thereisgoingtobe

anAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmer14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative14.Doyouhaveanythingelse劃分句子成分1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow.5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.劃分句子成分9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.I’veorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.April’Dayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.9.Ihavealotofclothestow17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.20.Thetelephonerang.21.Westudyhard.22.Hisfathermighthavedied.23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?17.Heusuallytakesanapafte25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.25.Thelandlordhadthemworki33.Pleasepassanewly-publishedmagazinetome.34.HelivedinGuangZhou.35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.38.Ilikepopularmusic.39.Sheknowswhattodonext.40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.33.Pleasepassanewly-publis二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的

主語(yǔ)（—）、謂語(yǔ)（＝）、賓語(yǔ)（～）：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的

主語(yǔ)（—）、謂語(yǔ)（＝）、賓語(yǔ)Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.Althoughthefarmislarge,my三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)（—）、狀語(yǔ)（＝）、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（～）：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)（—）、狀語(yǔ)（＝）、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（四、選擇填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetly C.nicelyD.sweet四、選擇填空：()1.____willleav()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.died C.dyed D.dying()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()4.Hegotup____yeste()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.its B.it C.that D.thatis()7.Hefoundthestreetm()9.Thedog____mad.A.looks B.islooked C.isbeinglooked D.waslooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.that B.when C.inwhich D.where()9.Thedog____mad.句子成分詳解表句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類(lèi)例句主語(yǔ)表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，是什么或怎么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組Sheisdancingunderthetree.賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象同主語(yǔ)BothofuslikeEnglish.表語(yǔ)與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征同主語(yǔ)Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名,副，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)邏輯上與賓語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來(lái)自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無(wú)！句子成分詳解表句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類(lèi)例句主語(yǔ)表示句子說(shuō)的是什么句子成份★句子一般由兩個(gè)部分組成：主語(yǔ)部分（subjectgroup）謂語(yǔ)部分（predicategroup）★句子成份：主·謂·賓·表補(bǔ)定·狀·句子成份★句子一般由兩個(gè)部分組成：主語(yǔ)部分（subjecMembersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement

主·賓·表補(bǔ)定·狀·Membersofsentence:主·賓·表補(bǔ)定·狀1)主語(yǔ)（subject）Ilikefootball.Theboyneedsapen.句子的主體，全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象。一般由擔(dān)任,常置于句首。2)謂語(yǔ)（predicate）說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。由擔(dān)任。常置于主語(yǔ)后。

Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Iwantaticket.,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞

或從句名詞,主格代詞動(dòng)詞1)主語(yǔ)（subject）Ilikefootball.3)賓語(yǔ)（object）4)表語(yǔ)（predicative）Hewonthegame.Onthedesk表示vt.的動(dòng)作對(duì)象或prep.所聯(lián)系的對(duì)象。由n.或相當(dāng)于n.的詞擔(dān)任。置于vt.或prep.后。Tomelosthislifeinthebigfire.Heisastudent.用以表述主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。由n.或adj.擔(dān)任。置于系動(dòng)詞之后。3)賓語(yǔ)（object）4)表語(yǔ)（predicative

除了be系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，1)表感官的動(dòng)詞:2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞:3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等。

除了be系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，feel5)賓補(bǔ)（objectivecomplement）補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。Theymadehimking.?

?Iconsiderthebooktooexpensive.?

?6)定語(yǔ)（attributive）對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用‘……的’表示,通常位于被修飾的成分前。Theblackbikeismine.()5)賓補(bǔ)（objectivecomplement）補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明1：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如：nothing,anything,everything,something

等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)要放在其后作后置定語(yǔ)

我告訴他一些有趣的事情。Itellhimsomethinginteresting.

說(shuō)明2：不定式、短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。

這間屋子里的男孩子們是10班的。TheboysintheroomareinClassTen.

說(shuō)明1：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如：nothing,anyth7)狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句,位置靈活。通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.

WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))7)狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）用以修飾adj./v./Ⅰ.簡(jiǎn)單句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)??主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Ⅰ.簡(jiǎn)單句1.Thingschanged.主+Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice?

?主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Nobodywent.Practice??主Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbutsoHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandtheseare名詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句Ⅲ.復(fù)合句Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.名詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句分為九類(lèi)：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,assoonas,whenever等狀語(yǔ)從句分為九類(lèi)：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句Putitwhereyoufoundit.Sitdownwhereveryoulike.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因狀語(yǔ)從句AsIdidn’tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because,as,since2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句Putitwhereyoufoun4)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句IwasinthebathsothatIdidn’thearthetelephone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,sothat,suchthat,that

5)目的狀語(yǔ)從句I’llshowyousoyouwillseehowit’sdone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,sothat,inorderthat4)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句Iwasinthebathso6)條件狀語(yǔ)從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：if,unless,incasethat,onconditionthat…常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：though,although,ifevenif,eventhough,7)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句ThoughI’mfondofmusic,Ican’tplayanyinstrument.6)條件狀語(yǔ)從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,asif,asthough,how常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,sothat,asfaras,solongas8)方式狀語(yǔ)從句Hedidjustasyoutoldhim.9)程度狀語(yǔ)從句Solongasyouneedme,I’llstay.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,asif,asthough,名詞性從句1)主語(yǔ)從句*Whathesaidisnotknown.*Thatweshallbelateiscertain.*Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.*Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!

名詞性從句1)主語(yǔ)從句*Whathesaidis2）表語(yǔ)從句*Thatiswhathewantstobuy.

*Theproblemisthatwhowecangettoreplaceher?*Thereasonisthathehasliedtomeseveraltimes.2）表語(yǔ)從句*Thatiswhathewants3)賓語(yǔ)從句*Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified.*Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.

*Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.3)賓語(yǔ)從句*Iunderstandthathe4)同位語(yǔ)從句*WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldn’tcome?*Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.*Mothermadeapromisethatshewouldbuymeanewcoat.theideaThequestionapromise4)同位語(yǔ)從句*Wheredidyougetth注意！*that與what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。*what在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份（主,賓,表）。*That在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成份。*that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可省略（賓語(yǔ)從句除外）.Thatiswhathewantstobuy.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Hesaid(that)hedidn’tlikeher.引導(dǎo)詞that&what

注意！*that與what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。That狀語(yǔ)從句分為九類(lèi)：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,assoonas,whenever等狀語(yǔ)從句分為九類(lèi)：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句Putitwhereyoufoundit.Sitdownwhereveryoulike.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因狀語(yǔ)從句AsIdidn’tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because,as,since2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句Putitwhereyoufoun4)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句IwasinthebathsothatIdidn’thearthetelephone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,sothat,suchthat,that

5)目的狀語(yǔ)從句I’llshowyousoyouwillseehowit’sdone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,sothat,inorderthat4)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句Iwasinthebathso6)條件狀語(yǔ)從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：if,unless,incasethat,onconditionthat…常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：though,although,ifevenif,eventhough,7)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句ThoughI’mfondofmusic,Ican’tplayanyinstrument.6)條件狀語(yǔ)從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,asif,asthough,how常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,sothat,asfaras,solongas8)方式狀語(yǔ)從句Hedidjustasyoutoldhim.9)程度狀語(yǔ)從句Solongasyouneedme,I’llstay.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,asif,asthough,知識(shí)回顧KnowledgeReview祝您成功！知識(shí)回顧KnowledgeReview祝您成功！句子的成分MembersoftheSentence句子的成分MembersoftheSentence一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)。一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement

主賓表補(bǔ)定狀Membersofsentence:主賓表補(bǔ)定狀（一）主語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)(Subject)

表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事.

是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如：（一）主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(Subject)1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）1.Duringthe1990s,Americanc7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主語(yǔ)從句）（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）7.Whenwearegoingtohavean（二）謂語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)(Predicate)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.（二）謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(Predicate)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。如：

DoyouspeakEnglish？

Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：

Wearestudents.注意：謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)與數(shù)方面要保持一致。2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（三）表語(yǔ)

表語(yǔ)(Predicative)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如：（三）表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)(Predicative)1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）2.Isityours?（代詞）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞）1.OurteacherofEnglishisan6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（動(dòng)名詞）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介詞短語(yǔ)）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：

Heisateacher.2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3）表像系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像”這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,

例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，

4）感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6）終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove,turnout,表達(dá)"結(jié)果是;證明是"，之意，例如：

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

（四）賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（Object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名詞）（代詞、動(dòng)名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）（四）賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（Object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)從句）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththe賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi)：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi)：下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)

ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：

Herefusedtolendmehisbike.下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)

admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：

Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。

forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如：

Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒(méi)來(lái))

Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(書(shū)已還給他了)

下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同，如me（五）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（ObjectComplement），用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語(yǔ)之后，賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“賓補(bǔ)”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如：（五）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（ObjectCompleme1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（從句）1.HisfathernamedhimXiaomin（六）定語(yǔ)

修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)(Attribute)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名詞）4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）（六）定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)(Attr5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動(dòng)名詞）7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語(yǔ)）8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定語(yǔ)從句)5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefi（七）狀語(yǔ)

修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（七）狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分詞短語(yǔ)）（名詞）（狀語(yǔ)從句）4.Heisintheroommakingam9種狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）（原因狀語(yǔ)）（條件狀語(yǔ)）（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）（方式狀語(yǔ)）9種狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下：1.HowaboutmeetingShecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）（目的狀語(yǔ)）（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）（讓步狀語(yǔ)）（比較狀語(yǔ)）Shecameinwithadictionary

（八）同位語(yǔ)（Appositive）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋?zhuān)ǔＳ擅~、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.（九）插入語(yǔ)（Parenthesis）對(duì)一句話(huà)做一些附加的解釋?zhuān)ǔＳ衪obehonest,Ithink(