句子的成分MembersoftheSentence句子的成分MembersoftheSentence一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語和插入語。一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement

主賓表補定狀Membersofsentence:主賓表補定狀（一）主語

主語(Subject)

表示句子說的是什么人或什么事.

是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結構、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：（一）主語主語(Subject)1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞）（代詞）（數詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）1.Duringthe1990s,Americanc7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主語從句）（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）7.Whenwearegoingtohavean（二）謂語

謂語(Predicate)說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構成如下：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.（二）謂語謂語(Predicate)說明主語所做的動作2、復合謂語：（1）由情態動詞加動詞原形構成。如：

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助動詞加動詞原形,現在分詞,過去分詞構成。如：

DoyouspeakEnglish？

Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系動詞加表語構成。如：

Wearestudents.注意：謂語與主語在人稱與數方面要保持一致。2、復合謂語：（三）表語

表語(Predicative)用以說明主語的性質、特征、狀態與身份，它一般位于系動詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。例如：（三）表語表語(Predicative)1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）2.Isityours?（代詞）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數詞）1.OurteacherofEnglishisan6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（動名詞）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介詞短語）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語從句）6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態，性質特征和身份等。1）狀態系動詞用來表示主語狀態，只有be一詞，例如：

Heisateacher.2）持續系動詞用來表示主語繼續或保持一種狀況或態度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3）表像系動詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,

例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，

4）感官系動詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）變化系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6）終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove,turnout,表達"結果是;證明是"，之意，例如：

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

（四）賓語賓語（Object）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名詞）（代詞、動名詞）（名詞、數詞）（四）賓語賓語（Object）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語）（動名詞短語）（賓語從句）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththe賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.賓語種類：下列動詞只能接不定式做賓語

ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：

Herefusedtolendmehisbike.下列動詞只能接不定式做賓語下列動詞只能接動名詞做賓語

admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：

Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.下列動詞只能接動名詞做賓語下列動詞既可接不定式，也可接動名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。

forgettodo表示“未發生的動作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的動作”。如：

Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒來)

Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(書已還給他了)

下列動詞既可接不定式，也可接動名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如me（五）賓語補足語

賓語補足語（ObjectComplement），用于補充說明賓語的動作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補足語一起構成復合賓語。需接復合賓語的動詞有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“賓補”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如：（五）賓語補足語賓語補足語（ObjectCompleme1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語）（現在分詞）（介詞短語）（從句）1.HisfathernamedhimXiaomin（六）定語

修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attribute)。定語可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名詞）4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）（六）定語修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attr5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動名詞）7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語）8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定語從句)5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefi（七）狀語

修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分，叫做狀語（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語）（不定式短語）（七）狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分詞短語）（名詞）（狀語從句）4.Heisintheroommakingam9種狀語種類如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（時間狀語）（原因狀語）（條件狀語）（地點狀語）（方式狀語）9種狀語種類如下：1.HowaboutmeetingShecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴隨狀語）（目的狀語）（結果狀語）（讓步狀語）（比較狀語）Shecameinwithadictionary

（八）同位語（Appositive）對前面的名詞或代詞做進一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數詞、代詞或從句擔任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.（九）插入語（Parenthesis）對一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe---)等，如：Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.（八）同位語（Appositive）對前面的名詞或代詞練習一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial練習一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：S.Attrib6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.Thereisgoingtobe

anAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmer14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative14.Doyouhaveanythingelse劃分句子成分1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow.5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.劃分句子成分9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.I’veorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.April’Dayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.9.Ihavealotofclothestow17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.20.Thetelephonerang.21.Westudyhard.22.Hisfathermighthavedied.23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?17.Heusuallytakesanapafte25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.25.Thelandlordhadthemworki33.Pleasepassanewly-publishedmagazinetome.34.HelivedinGuangZhou.35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.38.Ilikepopularmusic.39.Sheknowswhattodonext.40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.33.Pleasepassanewly-publis二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的

主語（—）、謂語（＝）、賓語（～）：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的

主語（—）、謂語（＝）、賓語Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.Althoughthefarmislarge,my三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（—）、狀語（＝）、補語（～）：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（—）、狀語（＝）、補語（四、選擇填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetly C.nicelyD.sweet四、選擇填空：()1.____willleav()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.died C.dyed D.dying()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()4.Hegotup____yeste()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.its B.it C.that D.thatis()7.Hefoundthestreetm()9.Thedog____mad.A.looks B.islooked C.isbeinglooked D.waslooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.that B.when C.inwhich D.where()9.Thedog____mad.句子成分詳解表句子成分意義充當詞類例句主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么事名，代，數，不定式，動名詞，短語或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣動詞或動詞詞組Sheisdancingunderthetree.賓語表示動作行為的對象同主語BothofuslikeEnglish.表語與聯系動詞連用，一起構成謂語，說明主語的性質或特征同主語Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數，名,副，介詞短語或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動作發生的時間，地點，原因，目的，方式，結果等副詞，介詞短語或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.賓語補足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關系形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主語謂語是基礎，賓表定狀補輔助。賓主來自名代數，動詞作謂不可無！句子成分詳解表句子成分意義充當詞類例句主語表示句子說的是什么句子成份★句子一般由兩個部分組成：主語部分（subjectgroup）謂語部分（predicategroup）★句子成份：主·謂·賓·表補定·狀·句子成份★句子一般由兩個部分組成：主語部分（subjecMembersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement

主·賓·表補定·狀·Membersofsentence:主·賓·表補定·狀1)主語（subject）Ilikefootball.Theboyneedsapen.句子的主體，全句述說的對象。一般由擔任,常置于句首。2)謂語（predicate）說明主語的動作或狀態。由擔任。常置于主語后。

Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Iwantaticket.,動詞不定式,動名詞

或從句名詞,主格代詞動詞1)主語（subject）Ilikefootball.3)賓語（object）4)表語（predicative）Hewonthegame.Onthedesk表示vt.的動作對象或prep.所聯系的對象。由n.或相當于n.的詞擔任。置于vt.或prep.后。Tomelosthislifeinthebigfire.Heisastudent.用以表述主語的特征、狀態、身份等。由n.或adj.擔任。置于系動詞之后。3)賓語（object）4)表語（predicative

除了be系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，1)表感官的動詞:2)表轉變變化的動詞:3)表延續的動詞feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等。

除了be系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，feel5)賓補（objectivecomplement）補充說明賓語的情況。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔任。Theymadehimking.?

?Iconsiderthebooktooexpensive.?

?6)定語（attributive）對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用‘……的’表示,通常位于被修飾的成分前。Theblackbikeismine.()5)賓補（objectivecomplement）補充說明1：當定語修飾不定代詞如：nothing,anything,everything,something

等時，定語要放在其后作后置定語

我告訴他一些有趣的事情。Itellhimsomethinginteresting.

說明2：不定式、短語或從句作定語時，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。

這間屋子里的男孩子們是10班的。TheboysintheroomareinClassTen.

說明1：當定語修飾不定代詞如：nothing,anyth7)狀語（adverbial）用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句,位置靈活。通常在句子基本結構之后，強調時放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強調時放在句首，一些表示不確定時間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態動詞之后，動詞之前。Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.

WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（從句作時間狀語)7)狀語（adverbial）用以修飾adj./v./Ⅰ.簡單句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語??主+謂+賓+賓補Ⅰ.簡單句1.Thingschanged.主+Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice?

?主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語主+謂+賓+賓補Nobodywent.Practice??主Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbutsoHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandtheseare名詞性從句狀語從句定語從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句Ⅲ.復合句Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.名詞性從句狀語從句定語從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句狀語從句分為九類：時間、地點、原因、結果、目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1)時間狀語從句Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.常用的關聯詞有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,assoonas,whenever等狀語從句分為九類：時間、地點、原因、結果、1)時間狀語從句2)地點狀語從句Putitwhereyoufoundit.Sitdownwhereveryoulike.常用的關聯詞有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因狀語從句AsIdidn’tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman常用的關聯詞有：because,as,since2)地點狀語從句Putitwhereyoufoun4)結果狀語從句IwasinthebathsothatIdidn’thearthetelephone.常用的關聯詞有：so,sothat,suchthat,that

5)目的狀語從句I’llshowyousoyouwillseehowit’sdone.常用的關聯詞有：so,sothat,inorderthat4)結果狀語從句Iwasinthebathso6)條件狀語從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.常用的關聯詞有：if,unless,incasethat,onconditionthat…常用的關聯詞有：though,although,ifevenif,eventhough,7)讓步狀語從句ThoughI’mfondofmusic,Ican’tplayanyinstrument.6)條件狀語從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,常用的關聯詞有：as,asif,asthough,how常用的關聯詞有：so,sothat,asfaras,solongas8)方式狀語從句Hedidjustasyoutoldhim.9)程度狀語從句Solongasyouneedme,I’llstay.常用的關聯詞有：as,asif,asthough,名詞性從句1)主語從句*Whathesaidisnotknown.*Thatweshallbelateiscertain.*Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.*Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!

名詞性從句1)主語從句*Whathesaidis2）表語從句*Thatiswhathewantstobuy.

*Theproblemisthatwhowecangettoreplaceher?*Thereasonisthathehasliedtomeseveraltimes.2）表語從句*Thatiswhathewants3)賓語從句*Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified.*Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.

*Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.3)賓語從句*Iunderstandthathe4)同位語從句*WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldn’tcome?*Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.*Mothermadeapromisethatshewouldbuymeanewcoat.theideaThequestionapromise4)同位語從句*Wheredidyougetth注意！*that與what都可以引導名詞性從句。*what在從句中充當句子成份（主,賓,表）。*That在句中只起連接作用，不充當成份。*that在引導名詞性從句時不可省略（賓語從句除外）.Thatiswhathewantstobuy.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Hesaid(that)hedidn’tlikeher.引導詞that&what

注意！*that與what都可以引導名詞性從句。That狀語從句分為九類：時間、地點、原因、結果、目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1)時間狀語從句Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.常用的關聯詞有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,assoonas,whenever等狀語從句分為九類：時間、地點、原因、結果、1)時間狀語從句2)地點狀語從句Putitwhereyoufoundit.Sitdownwhereveryoulike.常用的關聯詞有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因狀語從句AsIdidn’tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman常用的關聯詞有：because,as,since2)地點狀語從句Putitwhereyoufoun4)結果狀語從句IwasinthebathsothatIdidn’thearthetelephone.常用的關聯詞有：so,sothat,suchthat,that

5)目的狀語從句I’llshowyousoyouwillseehowit’sdone.常用的關聯詞有：so,sothat,inorderthat4)結果狀語從句Iwasinthebathso6)條件狀語從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.常用的關聯詞有：if,unless,incasethat,onconditionthat…常用的關聯詞有：though,although,ifevenif,eventhough,7)讓步狀語從句ThoughI’mfondofmusic,Ican’tplayanyinstrument.6)條件狀語從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,常用的關聯詞有：as,asif,asthough,how常用的關聯詞有：so,sothat,asfaras,solongas8)方式狀語從句Hedidjustasyoutoldhim.9)程度狀語從句Solongasyouneedme,I’llstay.常用的關聯詞有：as,asif,asthough,知識回顧KnowledgeReview祝您成功！知識回顧KnowledgeReview祝您成功！句子的成分MembersoftheSentence句子的成分MembersoftheSentence一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語和插入語。一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement

主賓表補定狀Membersofsentence:主賓表補定狀（一）主語

主語(Subject)

表示句子說的是什么人或什么事.

是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結構、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：（一）主語主語(Subject)1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞）（代詞）（數詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）1.Duringthe1990s,Americanc7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主語從句）（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）7.Whenwearegoingtohavean（二）謂語

謂語(Predicate)說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構成如下：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.（二）謂語謂語(Predicate)說明主語所做的動作2、復合謂語：（1）由情態動詞加動詞原形構成。如：

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助動詞加動詞原形,現在分詞,過去分詞構成。如：

DoyouspeakEnglish？

Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系動詞加表語構成。如：

Wearestudents.注意：謂語與主語在人稱與數方面要保持一致。2、復合謂語：（三）表語

表語(Predicative)用以說明主語的性質、特征、狀態與身份，它一般位于系動詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。例如：（三）表語表語(Predicative)1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）2.Isityours?（代詞）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數詞）1.OurteacherofEnglishisan6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（動名詞）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介詞短語）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語從句）6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態，性質特征和身份等。1）狀態系動詞用來表示主語狀態，只有be一詞，例如：

Heisateacher.2）持續系動詞用來表示主語繼續或保持一種狀況或態度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3）表像系動詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,

例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，

4）感官系動詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）變化系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6）終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove,turnout,表達"結果是;證明是"，之意，例如：

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

（四）賓語賓語（Object）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名詞）（代詞、動名詞）（名詞、數詞）（四）賓語賓語（Object）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語）（動名詞短語）（賓語從句）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththe賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.賓語種類：下列動詞只能接不定式做賓語

ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：

Herefusedtolendmehisbike.下列動詞只能接不定式做賓語下列動詞只能接動名詞做賓語

admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：

Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.下列動詞只能接動名詞做賓語下列動詞既可接不定式，也可接動名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。

forgettodo表示“未發生的動作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的動作”。如：

Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒來)

Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(書已還給他了)

下列動詞既可接不定式，也可接動名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如me（五）賓語補足語

賓語補足語（ObjectComplement），用于補充說明賓語的動作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補足語一起構成復合賓語。需接復合賓語的動詞有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“賓補”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如：（五）賓語補足語賓語補足語（ObjectCompleme1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語）（現在分詞）（介詞短語）（從句）1.HisfathernamedhimXiaomin（六）定語

修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attribute)。定語可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名詞）4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）（六）定語修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attr5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動名詞）7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語）8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定語從句)5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefi（七）狀語

修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分，叫做狀語（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語）（不定式短語）（七）狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分詞短語）（名詞）（狀語從句）4.Heisintheroommakingam9種狀語種類如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（時間狀語）（原因狀語）（條件狀語）（地點狀語）（方式狀語）9種狀語種類如下：1.HowaboutmeetingShecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴隨狀語）（目的狀語）（結果狀語）（讓步狀語）（比較狀語）Shecameinwithadictionary

（八）同位語（Appositive）對前面的名詞或代詞做進一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數詞、代詞或從句擔任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.（九）插入語（Parenthesis）對一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(