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句子的成分MembersoftheSentence句子的成分MembersoftheSentence一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ);次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)。一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定義:Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement

主賓表補(bǔ)定狀Membersofsentence:主賓表補(bǔ)定狀(一)主語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)(Subject)

表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事.

是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如:(一)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(Subject)1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞)(代詞)(數(shù)詞)(不定式)(動(dòng)名詞)(名詞化的形容詞)1.Duringthe1990s,Americanc7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(主語(yǔ)從句)(it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式)7.Whenwearegoingtohavean(二)謂語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)(Predicate)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下:1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.(二)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(Predicate)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.(2)由助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。如:

DoyouspeakEnglish?

Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.(3)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:

Wearestudents.注意:謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)與數(shù)方面要保持一致。2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):(三)表語(yǔ)

表語(yǔ)(Predicative)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份,它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如:(三)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)(Predicative)1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)2.Isityours?(代詞)3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)4.Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)1.OurteacherofEnglishisan6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.(介詞短語(yǔ))9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副詞)10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語(yǔ)從句)6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.注意:系動(dòng)詞(Linkingverb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài),只有be一詞,例如:

Heisateacher.2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如:

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3)表像系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像”這一概念,主要有seem,appear,look,

例如:

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

注意:系動(dòng)詞(Linkingverb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),

4)感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如:

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5)變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如:

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6)終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作,主要有prove,turnout,表達(dá)"結(jié)果是;證明是",之意,例如:

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

(四)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(Object)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(名詞)(代詞、動(dòng)名詞)(名詞、數(shù)詞)(四)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(Object)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者,一般4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(名詞化形容詞,名詞)(不定式短語(yǔ))(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))(賓語(yǔ)從句)4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththe賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi):(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等,例如:

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等,例如:

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi):下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)

ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等,如:

Herefusedtolendmehisbike.下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)

admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等,如:

Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ),但意義不同,如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。

forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”,forgetdoing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如:

Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒(méi)來(lái))

Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(書(shū)已還給他了)

下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ),但意義不同,如me(五)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(ObjectComplement),用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作,一般位于賓語(yǔ)之后,賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:tell,let,help,teach,ask,see,have,order,make等。“賓補(bǔ)”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如:(五)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(ObjectCompleme1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(名詞)(形容詞)(副詞)(不定式短語(yǔ))(現(xiàn)在分詞)(介詞短語(yǔ))(從句)1.HisfathernamedhimXiaomin(六)定語(yǔ)

修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)(Attribute)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示:1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.(名詞)4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)(六)定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)(Attr5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語(yǔ))6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語(yǔ))8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定語(yǔ)從句)5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefi(七)狀語(yǔ)

修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語(yǔ)(Adverbial)。可由以下形式表示:1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(副詞及副詞性詞組)(介詞短語(yǔ))(不定式短語(yǔ))(七)狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(分詞短語(yǔ))(名詞)(狀語(yǔ)從句)4.Heisintheroommakingam9種狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下:1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))(原因狀語(yǔ))(條件狀語(yǔ))(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))(方式狀語(yǔ))9種狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下:1.HowaboutmeetingShecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))(目的狀語(yǔ))(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))(讓步狀語(yǔ))(比較狀語(yǔ))Shecameinwithadictionary

(八)同位語(yǔ)(Appositive)對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋?zhuān)ǔS擅~、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任,如:ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.(九)插入語(yǔ)(Parenthesis)對(duì)一句話(huà)做一些附加的解釋?zhuān)ǔS衪obehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe---)等,如:Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.(八)同位語(yǔ)(Appositive)對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞練習(xí)一.指出下列句子劃線(xiàn)部分是什么句子成分:1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial練習(xí)一.指出下列句子劃線(xiàn)部分是什么句子成分:S.Attrib6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.Thereisgoingtobe

anAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmer14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative14.Doyouhaveanythingelse劃分句子成分1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow.5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.劃分句子成分9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.I’veorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.April’Dayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.9.Ihavealotofclothestow17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.20.Thetelephonerang.21.Westudyhard.22.Hisfathermighthavedied.23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?17.Heusuallytakesanapafte25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.25.Thelandlordhadthemworki33.Pleasepassanewly-publishedmagazinetome.34.HelivedinGuangZhou.35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.38.Ilikepopularmusic.39.Sheknowswhattodonext.40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.33.Pleasepassanewly-publis二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的

主語(yǔ)(—)、謂語(yǔ)(=)、賓語(yǔ)(~):Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的

主語(yǔ)(—)、謂語(yǔ)(=)、賓語(yǔ)Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.Althoughthefarmislarge,my三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)(—)、狀語(yǔ)(=)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(~):MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)(—)、狀語(yǔ)(=)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(四、選擇填空:()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetly C.nicelyD.sweet四、選擇填空:()1.____willleav()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.died C.dyed D.dying()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()4.Hegotup____yeste()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.its B.it C.that D.thatis()7.Hefoundthestreetm()9.Thedog____mad.A.looks B.islooked C.isbeinglooked D.waslooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.that B.when C.inwhich D.where()9.Thedog____mad.句子成分詳解表句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類(lèi)例句主語(yǔ)表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事名,代,數(shù),不定式,動(dòng)名詞,短語(yǔ)或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么,是什么或怎么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組Sheisdancingunderthetree.賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象同主語(yǔ)BothofuslikeEnglish.表語(yǔ)與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用,一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征同主語(yǔ)Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞形,代,數(shù),名,副,介詞短語(yǔ)或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,目的,方式,結(jié)果等副詞,介詞短語(yǔ)或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)邏輯上與賓語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系形容詞,名詞,介詞短語(yǔ)等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是基礎(chǔ),賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來(lái)自名代數(shù),動(dòng)詞作謂不可無(wú)!句子成分詳解表句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類(lèi)例句主語(yǔ)表示句子說(shuō)的是什么句子成份★句子一般由兩個(gè)部分組成:主語(yǔ)部分(subjectgroup)謂語(yǔ)部分(predicategroup)★句子成份:主·謂·賓·表補(bǔ)定·狀·句子成份★句子一般由兩個(gè)部分組成:主語(yǔ)部分(subjecMembersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement

主·賓·表補(bǔ)定·狀·Membersofsentence:主·賓·表補(bǔ)定·狀1)主語(yǔ)(subject)Ilikefootball.Theboyneedsapen.句子的主體,全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象。一般由擔(dān)任,常置于句首。2)謂語(yǔ)(predicate)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。由擔(dān)任。常置于主語(yǔ)后。

Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Iwantaticket.,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞

或從句名詞,主格代詞動(dòng)詞1)主語(yǔ)(subject)Ilikefootball.3)賓語(yǔ)(object)4)表語(yǔ)(predicative)Hewonthegame.Onthedesk表示vt.的動(dòng)作對(duì)象或prep.所聯(lián)系的對(duì)象。由n.或相當(dāng)于n.的詞擔(dān)任。置于vt.或prep.后。Tomelosthislifeinthebigfire.Heisastudent.用以表述主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。由n.或adj.擔(dān)任。置于系動(dòng)詞之后。3)賓語(yǔ)(object)4)表語(yǔ)(predicative

除了be系動(dòng)詞外,還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞,1)表感官的動(dòng)詞:2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞:3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等。

除了be系動(dòng)詞外,還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞,feel5)賓補(bǔ)(objectivecomplement)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。Theymadehimking.?

?Iconsiderthebooktooexpensive.?

?6)定語(yǔ)(attributive)對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子,漢語(yǔ)中常用‘……的’表示,通常位于被修飾的成分前。Theblackbikeismine.()5)賓補(bǔ)(objectivecomplement)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明1:當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如:nothing,anything,everything,something

等時(shí),定語(yǔ)要放在其后作后置定語(yǔ)

我告訴他一些有趣的事情。Itellhimsomethinginteresting.

說(shuō)明2:不定式、短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí),也放在被修飾的名詞之后。

這間屋子里的男孩子們是10班的。TheboysintheroomareinClassTen.

說(shuō)明1:當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如:nothing,anyth7)狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句,位置靈活。通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首;修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),通常位于被修飾的詞之前;表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首,一些表示不確定時(shí)間(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,動(dòng)詞之前。Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.

WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.(從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))7)狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)用以修飾adj./v./Ⅰ.簡(jiǎn)單句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)??主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Ⅰ.簡(jiǎn)單句1.Thingschanged.主+Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice?

?主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Nobodywent.Practice??主Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbutsoHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandtheseare名詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句Ⅲ.復(fù)合句Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.名詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句分為九類(lèi):時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,assoonas,whenever等狀語(yǔ)從句分為九類(lèi):時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句Putitwhereyoufoundit.Sitdownwhereveryoulike.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:where,wherever,anywhere3)原因狀語(yǔ)從句AsIdidn’tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:because,as,since2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句Putitwhereyoufoun4)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句IwasinthebathsothatIdidn’thearthetelephone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:so,sothat,suchthat,that

5)目的狀語(yǔ)從句I’llshowyousoyouwillseehowit’sdone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:so,sothat,inorderthat4)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句Iwasinthebathso6)條件狀語(yǔ)從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:if,unless,incasethat,onconditionthat…常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:though,although,ifevenif,eventhough,7)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句ThoughI’mfondofmusic,Ican’tplayanyinstrument.6)條件狀語(yǔ)從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:as,asif,asthough,how常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:so,sothat,asfaras,solongas8)方式狀語(yǔ)從句Hedidjustasyoutoldhim.9)程度狀語(yǔ)從句Solongasyouneedme,I’llstay.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:as,asif,asthough,名詞性從句1)主語(yǔ)從句*Whathesaidisnotknown.*Thatweshallbelateiscertain.*Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.*Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!

名詞性從句1)主語(yǔ)從句*Whathesaidis2)表語(yǔ)從句*Thatiswhathewantstobuy.

*Theproblemisthatwhowecangettoreplaceher?*Thereasonisthathehasliedtomeseveraltimes.2)表語(yǔ)從句*Thatiswhathewants3)賓語(yǔ)從句*Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified.*Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.

*Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.3)賓語(yǔ)從句*Iunderstandthathe4)同位語(yǔ)從句*WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldn’tcome?*Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.*Mothermadeapromisethatshewouldbuymeanewcoat.theideaThequestionapromise4)同位語(yǔ)從句*Wheredidyougetth注意!*that與what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。*what在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份(主,賓,表)。*That在句中只起連接作用,不充當(dāng)成份。*that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可省略(賓語(yǔ)從句除外).Thatiswhathewantstobuy.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Hesaid(that)hedidn’tlikeher.引導(dǎo)詞that&what

注意!*that與what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。That狀語(yǔ)從句分為九類(lèi):時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,assoonas,whenever等狀語(yǔ)從句分為九類(lèi):時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句Putitwhereyoufoundit.Sitdownwhereveryoulike.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:where,wherever,anywhere3)原因狀語(yǔ)從句AsIdidn’tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:because,as,since2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句Putitwhereyoufoun4)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句IwasinthebathsothatIdidn’thearthetelephone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:so,sothat,suchthat,that

5)目的狀語(yǔ)從句I’llshowyousoyouwillseehowit’sdone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:so,sothat,inorderthat4)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句Iwasinthebathso6)條件狀語(yǔ)從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:if,unless,incasethat,onconditionthat…常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:though,although,ifevenif,eventhough,7)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句ThoughI’mfondofmusic,Ican’tplayanyinstrument.6)條件狀語(yǔ)從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:as,asif,asthough,how常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:so,sothat,asfaras,solongas8)方式狀語(yǔ)從句Hedidjustasyoutoldhim.9)程度狀語(yǔ)從句Solongasyouneedme,I’llstay.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:as,asif,asthough,知識(shí)回顧KnowledgeReview祝您成功!知識(shí)回顧KnowledgeReview祝您成功!句子的成分MembersoftheSentence句子的成分MembersoftheSentence一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ);次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)。一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定義:Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement

主賓表補(bǔ)定狀Membersofsentence:主賓表補(bǔ)定狀(一)主語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)(Subject)

表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事.

是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如:(一)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(Subject)1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞)(代詞)(數(shù)詞)(不定式)(動(dòng)名詞)(名詞化的形容詞)1.Duringthe1990s,Americanc7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(主語(yǔ)從句)(it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式)7.Whenwearegoingtohavean(二)謂語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)(Predicate)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下:1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.(二)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(Predicate)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.(2)由助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。如:

DoyouspeakEnglish?

Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.(3)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:

Wearestudents.注意:謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)與數(shù)方面要保持一致。2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):(三)表語(yǔ)

表語(yǔ)(Predicative)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份,它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如:(三)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)(Predicative)1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)2.Isityours?(代詞)3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)4.Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)1.OurteacherofEnglishisan6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.(介詞短語(yǔ))9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副詞)10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語(yǔ)從句)6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.注意:系動(dòng)詞(Linkingverb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài),只有be一詞,例如:

Heisateacher.2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如:

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3)表像系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像”這一概念,主要有seem,appear,look,

例如:

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

注意:系動(dòng)詞(Linkingverb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),

4)感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如:

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5)變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如:

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6)終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作,主要有prove,turnout,表達(dá)"結(jié)果是;證明是",之意,例如:

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

(四)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(Object)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(名詞)(代詞、動(dòng)名詞)(名詞、數(shù)詞)(四)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(Object)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者,一般4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(名詞化形容詞,名詞)(不定式短語(yǔ))(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))(賓語(yǔ)從句)4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththe賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi):(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等,例如:

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等,例如:

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi):下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)

ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等,如:

Herefusedtolendmehisbike.下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)

admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等,如:

Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ),但意義不同,如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。

forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”,forgetdoing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如:

Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒(méi)來(lái))

Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(書(shū)已還給他了)

下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ),但意義不同,如me(五)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(ObjectComplement),用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作,一般位于賓語(yǔ)之后,賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:tell,let,help,teach,ask,see,have,order,make等。“賓補(bǔ)”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如:(五)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(ObjectCompleme1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(名詞)(形容詞)(副詞)(不定式短語(yǔ))(現(xiàn)在分詞)(介詞短語(yǔ))(從句)1.HisfathernamedhimXiaomin(六)定語(yǔ)

修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)(Attribute)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示:1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.(名詞)4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)(六)定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)(Attr5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語(yǔ))6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語(yǔ))8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定語(yǔ)從句)5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefi(七)狀語(yǔ)

修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語(yǔ)(Adverbial)。可由以下形式表示:1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(副詞及副詞性詞組)(介詞短語(yǔ))(不定式短語(yǔ))(七)狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(分詞短語(yǔ))(名詞)(狀語(yǔ)從句)4.Heisintheroommakingam9種狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下:1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))(原因狀語(yǔ))(條件狀語(yǔ))(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))(方式狀語(yǔ))9種狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下:1.HowaboutmeetingShecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))(目的狀語(yǔ))(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))(讓步狀語(yǔ))(比較狀語(yǔ))Shecameinwithadictionary

(八)同位語(yǔ)(Appositive)對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋?zhuān)ǔS擅~、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任,如:ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.(九)插入語(yǔ)(Parenthesis)對(duì)一句話(huà)做一些附加的解釋?zhuān)ǔS衪obehonest,Ithink(

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