examnationoforthopedicsvideoexamnationoforthopedicsvideoorder：visualexaminationpalpationpercussdynamicdiagnosisspecialtest;體格檢查2order：體格檢查2

principlesofPhysicalexaminationFullexposureBilateralcontrastuninjuredsidefirst,uninjuredsidesecondActivefirst,passivesecondcomprehensive、repeatedly、soft3principlesofPhysicalexaminvisualexaminationgaitandgestureThereisnoskinredness,cyanosis,pigmentationorvenousengorgementSofttissueswellingandmassMusclecontractionormusclefiberfibrillationScar,wound,sinussecretions,anditspropertiesWoundshapeanddepth,thereisnoforeignbodyresidualandactivebleedingabnormalities,suchasscoliosis,limbshorteningandsoon.4visualexaminationgaitandges5566palpationtenderness：position、depth、scope、levelandqualityabnormalactivityandbonerubfeeling,playringLocaltemperatureandsensation,bilateralcontrast7palpationtenderness：positpercussionpercussionpainpercussionpainofLimbaxial

IndirectspinalpainTinel8percussionpercussionpain8dynamicdiagnosisChecktherangeofmotionofthejointandthecontractionofthemuscle.activemovementpassiveexercise9dynamicdiagnosisChecktheran量診LimblengthmeasurementMeasurementoflimbcircumferenceactivemovement;freeexercise10量診Limblengthmeasurement1Threeplanesofhumanjointmotion

11Threeplanesofhumanjoint關節測量方法

中立位零度法12關節測量方法

中立位零度法12RelatednervoussystemexaminationMusclevolume,muscletension,musclestrength,ataxiaMusclestrengthratingcriteria

0：Musclestrengthcompletelydisappeared,nomusclecontraction

I：Mildmusclecontraction,jointscannotbeactive

II：Musclecontraction,jointmovement,butnotagainstthegravityofthebody

III：Canresistthegravityofthebodytomakejointactivities,butcannotresisttheresistance

IV：Resistancetoexternalresistance,butweakmusclestrength

V：Normalmusclestrength13RelatednervoussystemexamiupperlimbjointShoulderjointexaminationElbowjointinspectionWristandhand14upperlimbjointShoulderjoShoulderjointexaminationVisualexaminationwingedscapula：costoscapularisparalysationSquareshoulderdeformity15ShoulderjointexaminationVisuShoulderjointexaminationpalpationEmptinessoftheshoulderDugas征16ShoulderjointexaminationpalpSpecialinspection

杜加斯(Dugas)征:

Whenaormalpersonputhis/herhandsonthesideoftheshoulder，his/herelbowcanbeattachedtothechest,withtheshoulderhasanteriordislocation,whenweputthehandofinjuredsidetotheoppsiteshoulder,theelbowcannotbeattachedtothechest.ThisisapositivesignofDugas.video17Specialinspection杜加斯(DuElbowjointinspectionVisualexaminationposteriorcubitaltriangle18ElbowjointinspectionVisual肘關節檢查視診19肘關節檢查視診19肘關節檢查網球肘肱骨外上髁炎20肘關節檢查網球肘20肘關節檢查Millssign:whenextenttheelbow，flexthewrist,pronatetheforearm，ifthereispainontheexternalcondyleofhumerus,thereispositivesignofMillsvideo21肘關節檢查Millssign:video21WristandhandwristdropapehandClawhand22Wristandhandwristdrop22杵狀指(acropachy)respiratorydiseaseheartdiseaseNutritionaldisorders23杵狀指(acropachy)23匙狀甲(koilonych)

iron-deficiencyanemia;Highaltitudediseaserheumaticfever

24匙狀甲(koilonych)24wristandhand

25wristandhand

25crushingtestofwristtriangularcartilageWristjointinneutralposition,Andthenmakethewristjointpassivetotheulnardeviationandlongitudinalextrusion,Ifthereispaininthelowerulnarjoint,itshowsthepositivesigninjuryoftriangularfibrocartilaginousdisc、fractureofprocessusstyloideusulnaevideo26crushingtestofwristtrianguJointoflowerextremityJointoflowerextremityKneejointexaminationExaminationofanklejointandfoot27JointoflowerextremityJointAnatomyofhipjointMaximumweightbearingjointofhumanbodyvideo28AnatomyofhipjointMaximumJointmotiondegreeexamination29Jointmotiondegreeexaminati髖關節正常活動度30髖關節正常活動度30髖關節正常活動度31髖關節正常活動度31Anatomyofkneejoint前交叉韌帶后交叉韌帶半月板韌帶半月板脛骨髕骨股骨32Anatomyofkneejoint前交叉韌帶后交叉膝關節正常活動度33膝關節正常活動度33KneejointforcelineexamnationUndernormalcircumstancesthekneecanbetogetherNormaldoubleankledistanceThekneecannotbetogetherTheanklejointdistanceistoolargebowlegcross-knee4-6cm34KneejointforcelineexamnaKneejointforcelineInthekneewithmedialpain,thekneeisaccompaniedbylateralpain,suggestingthatthemedialorlateraltibialfemoraljointisosteoarthritisoftheknee.Thepainofthekneejointoutsidethekneejointisoftenindicatedbytheinjuryofthelateralmeniscusofthekneejointandviceversa.Severekneejointforcelineabnormalitiesunderarthroscopicdebridementandcartilagetreatmentcanrelievepain,butthemaintreatmentishightibialosteotomy35KneejointforcelineInthePatellarelatedexamination浮髕試驗(floatingpatellatest)Checkthejointeffusion,generallymoderateeffusion(50ml),floatingpatellatestwaspositive。video36Patellarelatedexamination浮髕Examinationofanklejointandfoot37ExaminationofanklejointandExaminationofanklejointandfootvideo1video238Examinationofanklejointandsummary3939examnationoforthopedicsvideoexamnationoforthopedicsvideoorder：visualexaminationpalpationpercussdynamicdiagnosisspecialtest;體格檢查41order：體格檢查2

principlesofPhysicalexaminationFullexposureBilateralcontrastuninjuredsidefirst,uninjuredsidesecondActivefirst,passivesecondcomprehensive、repeatedly、soft42principlesofPhysicalexaminvisualexaminationgaitandgestureThereisnoskinredness,cyanosis,pigmentationorvenousengorgementSofttissueswellingandmassMusclecontractionormusclefiberfibrillationScar,wound,sinussecretions,anditspropertiesWoundshapeanddepth,thereisnoforeignbodyresidualandactivebleedingabnormalities,suchasscoliosis,limbshorteningandsoon.43visualexaminationgaitandges445456palpationtenderness：position、depth、scope、levelandqualityabnormalactivityandbonerubfeeling,playringLocaltemperatureandsensation,bilateralcontrast46palpationtenderness：positpercussionpercussionpainpercussionpainofLimbaxial

IndirectspinalpainTinel47percussionpercussionpain8dynamicdiagnosisChecktherangeofmotionofthejointandthecontractionofthemuscle.activemovementpassiveexercise48dynamicdiagnosisChecktheran量診LimblengthmeasurementMeasurementoflimbcircumferenceactivemovement;freeexercise49量診Limblengthmeasurement1Threeplanesofhumanjointmotion

50Threeplanesofhumanjoint關節測量方法

中立位零度法51關節測量方法

中立位零度法12RelatednervoussystemexaminationMusclevolume,muscletension,musclestrength,ataxiaMusclestrengthratingcriteria

0：Musclestrengthcompletelydisappeared,nomusclecontraction

I：Mildmusclecontraction,jointscannotbeactive

II：Musclecontraction,jointmovement,butnotagainstthegravityofthebody

III：Canresistthegravityofthebodytomakejointactivities,butcannotresisttheresistance

IV：Resistancetoexternalresistance,butweakmusclestrength

V：Normalmusclestrength52RelatednervoussystemexamiupperlimbjointShoulderjointexaminationElbowjointinspectionWristandhand53upperlimbjointShoulderjoShoulderjointexaminationVisualexaminationwingedscapula：costoscapularisparalysationSquareshoulderdeformity54ShoulderjointexaminationVisuShoulderjointexaminationpalpationEmptinessoftheshoulderDugas征55ShoulderjointexaminationpalpSpecialinspection

杜加斯(Dugas)征:

Whenaormalpersonputhis/herhandsonthesideoftheshoulder，his/herelbowcanbeattachedtothechest,withtheshoulderhasanteriordislocation,whenweputthehandofinjuredsidetotheoppsiteshoulder,theelbowcannotbeattachedtothechest.ThisisapositivesignofDugas.video56Specialinspection杜加斯(DuElbowjointinspectionVisualexaminationposteriorcubitaltriangle57ElbowjointinspectionVisual肘關節檢查視診58肘關節檢查視診19肘關節檢查網球肘肱骨外上髁炎59肘關節檢查網球肘20肘關節檢查Millssign:whenextenttheelbow，flexthewrist,pronatetheforearm，ifthereispainontheexternalcondyleofhumerus,thereispositivesignofMillsvideo60肘關節檢查Millssign:video21WristandhandwristdropapehandClawhand61Wristandhandwristdrop22杵狀指(acropachy)respiratorydiseaseheartdiseaseNutritionaldisorders62杵狀指(acropachy)23匙狀甲(koilonych)

iron-deficiencyanemia;Highaltitudediseaserheumaticfever

63匙狀甲(koilonych)24wristandhand

64wristandhand

25crushingtestofwristtriangularcartilageWristjointinneutralposition,Andthenmakethewristjointpassivetotheulnardeviationandlongitudinalextrusion,Ifthereispaininthelowerulnarjoint,itshowsthepositivesigninjuryoftriangularfibrocartilaginousdisc、fractureofprocessusstyloideusulnaevideo65crushingtestofwristtrianguJointoflowerextremityJointoflowerextremityKneejointexaminationExaminationofanklejointandfoot66JointoflowerextremityJointAnatomyofhipjointMaximumweightbearingjointofhumanbodyvideo67AnatomyofhipjointMaximumJointmotiondegreeexamination68Jointmotiondegreeexaminati髖關節正常活動度69髖關節正常活動度30髖關節正常活動度70髖關節正常活動度31Anatomyofkneejoint前交叉韌帶后交叉韌帶半月板韌帶半月板脛骨髕骨股骨71Anatomyofkneejoint前交叉韌帶后交叉膝關節正常活動度72膝關節正常活動度33Kneejointforcelineexamn