PersuasiveSpeech說服性演講1WangJufangPersuasiveSpeech說服性演講1WangJuContentsDefinitionofPersuasiveSpeechInformativevs.PersuasiveAudienceAdaptationTypesofPersuasiveSpeechMonroe’sMotivatedSequenceTipsforSuccessfulPersuasionAssignment2WangJufangContentsDefinitionofPersuasiDefinitionofPersuasiveSpeechThekindofspeechwhereyouusereasoning,emotionalappealsoryourcredibilitytoconvincethelistenerstoagreewithyouortoinspirethemtoaction.WaysofPersuasionreasoning,emotionalappeals,credibilityPurposetoinfluencetheattitudes,beliefs,values,andactsoftheaudienceandothersRoleofspeakeranadvocate3WangJufangDefinitionofPersuasiveSpeecInformativevs.PersuasiveInaninformativespeech,thespeakerconveysfactsanddetails.todefine,toexplainandtoclarifyInapersuasivespeech,thespeakertriestoshape/influencethelisteners’ideas,beliefs,attitudes,orbehavior.4WangJufangInformativevs.PersuasiveInaAudienceAdaptationStronglyOpposedModeratelyOpposedSlightlyOpposedNeutralSlightlyinFavorModeratelyinFavorStronglyinFavorPersuasioninvolvesanymovementbyalistenerfromlefttoright.Persuasivespeech:

MENTALDIALOGUEwiththeaudience5WangJufangAudienceAdaptationPersuasAudienceAdaptationAspeakershouldadaptthecontentandstrategytotheaudience:TheirpositionTheirmajorobjectionsTheirquestionsTheirfavoritestyleofcommunicationTipsforaudienceadaptationSetaparticularpartofthewholeaudienceasyourTARGETAUDIENCE.Tailoryourspeechtofitthevaluesandconcernsofyourtargetaudience.6WangJufangAudienceAdaptationAspeakersTypesofPersuasiveSpeechPersuasivespeechesonquestionsoffact

事實問題Persuasivespeechesonquestionsofvalue

價值問題Persuasivespeechesonquestionsofpolicy方法問題

7WangJufangTypesofPersuasiveSpeechPers1.QuestionsofFactQuestionsoffactarequestionsaboutthetruthorfalsityofanassertion.Qsoffactcanbeansweredwithcertaintye.g.HowfarisNYtoBeijing?e.g.WhoisthefirstAfricanAmericanpresident?Qsoffactcannotbeansweredwithcertaintye.g.WillNAUenrollEnglishmajordoctorsin10years’time?e.g.Aredailymegadosesofvitaminsbeneficialtohumanhealth?(每天大量服用維生素有益健康？）8WangJufang1.QuestionsofFactQuestionsAttention！Persuasivespeechesonaquestionoffactcomeaboutinasituationwheretheaudiencehasseriousdoubtaboutthefactoracase.Informativespeechescomeaboutinsituationswheretheaudiencewantstolearnaboutthefacts.OrganizationbytopicsEachmainpointwillpresentareason(whyagree);Subdividethetopiclogicallyandconsistently.9WangJufangAttention！OrganizationbytopiExample(1)SpecificPurpose Topersuademyaudiencethatanearthquakeof9.0oraboveontheRichterscalewillhitXi’aninthenexttenyears.Mainpoints

I.Xi’anislongoverdueforamajorearthquake.

II.Manygeologicalsignsindicatethatamajorearthquakemayhappensoon.

III.ExpertsagreethatamajorearthquakecouldhitXi’ananyday.10WangJufangExample(1)SpecificPurpose10WExample(2)SpecificPurpose

topersuademyaudiencethatgeneticallyengineeredcrops(GEC)poseseriousdangerstotheenvironmentandtohumanhealth.CentralIdea

GECshavethepotentialtocreatemajorenvironmentalandhealthhazards.MainPoints

I.GECswillcreateenvironmentalhavocbyharmingbeneficialinsectswhilecreatingsuperbugsandsuperweedsthatwillbeverydifficulttocontrol.II.GECswillcreatehealthproblemsbyintroducingharmfultoxinsandallergensintofoodswithouttheknowledgeofcustomers.

11WangJufangExample(2)SpecificPurpose112.QuestionsofValueQuestionsofvaluearequestionsabouttheworth,rightness,moralityandsoforthofanideaoraction.e.g.Isitjustifiabletoclonehumanbeings?e.g.Whataretheethicalresponsibilitiesofjournalists?12WangJufang2.QuestionsofValueQuestionsOrganizationestablishingstandardsforthevaluejudgmentapplyingthosestandardstothespeechtopicPersuasionisbasedonyourjudgmentaboutwhatisrightorwrong,goodorbad,moralorimmoral,etc.Speakerneedstojustifyher/hisvaluejudgmentinlightofaclearlydefinedsetofstandards13WangJufangOrganizationPersuasionisbaseExample(1)SpecificPurpose

Topersuademyaudiencethatcapitalpunishmentiswrong.MainPoints

I.Capitalpunishmentviolatesthebiblicalcommandment“Thoushaltnotkill.”

II.Capitalpunishmentviolatestheconstitutionalbanon“cruelandunusualpunishment.”14WangJufangExample(1)SpecificPurpose14Example(2)SpecificPurpose

topersuademyaudiencethatbicycleridingistheidealformoflandtransportation.CentralIdea

Bicycleridingistheidealformoflandtransportationbecauseitisfasterthanwalkingorrunning,doesnotexploitanimalsorpeople,isnonpolluting,andpromotesthehealthoftheriders.MainPointsI.Anidealformoflandtransportationshouldmeetfourmajorstandards:fasterthanrunningorwalking,notexploitinganimalsorpeople,nonpolluting,andbeneficialforthepersonwhousesit.II.Bicycleridingmeetsallthesestandardsforanideaformoflandtransportation:fasterthanrunningorwalking,notexploitinganimalsorpeople,nonpolluting,andbeneficialforthepersonwhousesit.15WangJufangExample(2)SpecificPurpose153.QuestionsofPolicyQuestionsofpolicyarequestionsaboutwhetheraspecificcourseofactionshouldorshouldnotbetaken.e.g.Shouldsame-sexmarriagesbelegalized?e.g.ShouldNAUpayteachersbytheirresearchoutput?16WangJufang3.QuestionsofPolicyQuestionSpeechestogainpassiveagreement:Aim:toconvincetheaudiencethatagivenpolicyisdesirablewithoutencouragingtheaudiencetotakeactioninsupportofthepolicy.

Example(Tryit!)Topersuademyaudiencethatthereshouldbestrictersafetystandardsonamusement-parkrides.Topersuademyaudiencethattheauthorityshouldprohibitnetbarsfromopeningnearschools17WangJufangSpeechestogainpassiveagreeSpeechestogainimmediateaction:Aim:

togettheaudiencetodosthinsupportofthepolicy.Specificrecommendationsshouldbemadeforaction.Example(Tryit!)Topersuademyaudiencetodonatemoneyforastudentwhoiscriticallyill.Topersuademyaudiencetostartaregularexerciseprogram.Topersuademyaudiencetotakepartinmorepublicspeakingactivities.

18WangJufangSpeechestogainimmediateactMonroe’sMotivatedSequenceAnorganizationalpatternforplanningandpresentingpersuasivespeechesthatinvolvesfivesteps(門羅五步法)AttentionNeed:maketheaudiencefeelaneedforchangebystatingtheproblemclearlywithsupportmaterials.Satisfaction:satisfytheneedbyprovidingasolutionVisualization:visualizethebenefitsofyourplanAction:callforaction19WangJufangMonroe’sMotivatedSequenceAnStep1:AttentionApersuasivespeechshouldbeginbygettingtheaudience’sattentionTheattentionstepaddressescoreconcernsoftheaudience,makingthespeechhighlyrelevanttothem20WangJufangStep1:AttentionApersuasiveStep2:NeedTheneedstepisolatesanddescribestheissuetobeaddressedinthepersuasivespeechIfyoucanshowtheaudiencethattheyhaveanimportantneedthatmustbesatisfied,theyhaveareasontolistentoyourpropositions21WangJufangStep2:NeedTheneedstepisoStep3:SatisfactionThesatisfactionstepidentifiesthesolutionThisstepofferstheaudienceaproposaltoreinforceorchangetheirattitudes,beliefs,andvaluesregardingtheneedathand22WangJufangStep3:SatisfactionThesatisfStep4:VisualizationThepurposeofthevisualizationstepistocarrytheaudiencebeyondacceptingthefeasibilityofyourproposaltoseeinghowitwillactuallybenefitthemThevisualizationstepinvokesneedsofself-esteemandself-actualization23WangJufangStep4:VisualizationThepurpStep5:ActionTheactionstepinvolvesmakingadirectrequestoftheaudiencetoactaccordingtotheiracceptanceofthemessage24WangJufangStep5:ActionTheactionstepTipsforSuccessfulPersuasion1.Increasingcredibility/ethosExplainyourcredibilitye.g.

I’vebeenshoppingbooksonbothdangdangandjoyomanytimes,soletmetellyouwhichoneisbetter.e.g.

MyinformationcomesfromtheworkofDr.HongZhaoguang,themostwell-knowncardiovascularexpertinChina.Showcommongroundwithyouraudience.e.g.

I’mfor/againsttheindependentenrollment,andIknowalotofyouarenotwithme.Iaskonlythatyouhearmeoutandseeifmyargumentshaveanymeritwhatsoever.Thoughwemaydisagreeonthissubject,youandIhaveatleastonethingincommon:Wewanttomakeouruniversityenrollmentsystemafairone.25WangJufangTipsforSuccessfulPersuasion2.ProvidingevidenceChooseevidencefromreliable,reputablesources.Provideavarietyofevidence.e.g.Accordingtoaninterviewconductedbymewith20students,60%ofthepeopleareagainsttheindependentenrollment.TipsforSuccessfulPersuasion26WangJufang2.ProvidingevidenceTipsfor3.UsesoundreasoningErrorsinreasoning(logicalfallacy)1)HastygeneralizationAconclusionreachedonthebasisofinsufficientevidence.Itisoftenincludeswordslikealways,never,allandnone.e.g.

Chinaistheonlycountryintheworldwherestudentshavetostudyveryhardforoneexamthatwilldecidetheirfuture–thecollegeentranceexam.TipsforSuccessfulPersuasion27WangJufang3.UsesoundreasoningTipsfor3.UsesoundreasoningErrorsinreasoning(logicalfallacy)2)Redherring

A~argumentdistractslistenersfromtherealissueandleadsthemtowardanirrelevantissue.轉移注意力的事/話題e.g.

Yes,thecurrentuniversityenrollmentsystemhasproblems,butsodoesourmedicalcaresystem,andhousingsystem.Whydon’twereformthem?TipsforSuccessfulPersuasion28WangJufang3.UsesoundreasoningTipsfor3.UsesoundreasoningErrorsinreasoning(logicalfallacy)3)Attackonapersoncriticizinganopponentratherthantheopponent’sargumente.g.

ItisknownthatEdgarAllenPoewasanalcoholic.Hisstoriesarenothingbutthefantasiesofadrunkenmind.TipsforSuccessfulPersuasion29WangJufang3.UsesoundreasoningTipsfor3.UsesoundreasoningErrorsinreasoning(logicalfallacy)4)Falsecause,posthoc~assumesthatbecauseAoccursbeforeB,AcausesB.e.g.Thecrimeratehasincreasedsincethegovernortookoffice;I’mcertainlynotgoingtovoteforhimagain.TipsforSuccessfulPersuasion30WangJufang3.UsesoundreasoningTipsfor3.UsesoundreasoningErrorsinreasoning(logicalfallacy)5)Buildingonanunprovenassumption(beggingthequestion)e.g.Sincedistancelearningwithacomputerismoreeffectivethantraditionalclassroomeducation,allofyoushouldtakeyourcollegecoursesonyourhomecomputers.6)Falseanalogye.g.Hewillmakeawonderfulpresident.Justlookatthecontrolheexertsoverhisownchildren.TipsforSuccessfulPersuasion31WangJufang3.UsesoundreasoningTipsfor3.UsesoundreasoningErrorsinreasoning(logicalfallacy)7)Either-orreasoninge.g.Eitherwehalttheworld’spopulationgrowth,orwefacewidespreadstarvation.8)StrawmanTheStrawManfallacyiscommittedwhenapersonsimplyignoresaperson'sactualpositionandsubstitutesadistorted,exaggeratedormisrepresentedversionofthatposition.e.g.SenatorJonessaysthatweshouldnotfundtheattacksubmarineprogram.Idisagreeentirely.Ican'tunderstandwhyhewantstoleaveusdefenselesslikethat.TipsforSuccessfulPersuasion32WangJufang3.UsesoundreasoningTipsforAssignmentChooseoneofthetopicandgiveafive-minutepersuasivespeech.Shouldstudentsbeallowedtogetmarriedincollege?Allindividualsplanningtohavechildrenshouldtakechilddevelopmentandrearingcourses.Isitgoodtoreceivecollegeeducationathome?Isinterculturalmarriageagoodidea?Isitgoodforcollegestudenttotakepartinbeautypageants?33WangJufangAssignmentChooseoneofthetoScoringofEachOther’sSpeechMeetassignmentTopicchallengingSpecificpurposewellchosenMessageadaptedtotheaudienceSpeechcompletedwithinthetimelimitsHeldinterestofaudience34WangJufangScoringofEachOther’sSpeechThankyou~35WangJufangThankyou~35WangJufang演講完畢，謝謝觀看！演講完畢，謝謝觀看！PersuasiveSpeech說服性演講37WangJufangPersuasiveSpeech說服性演講1WangJuContentsDefinitionofPersuasiveSpeechInformativevs.PersuasiveAudienceAdaptationTypesofPersuasiveSpeechMonroe’sMotivatedSequenceTipsforSuccessfulPersuasionAssignment38WangJufangContentsDefinitionofPersuasiDefinitionofPersuasiveSpeechThekindofspeechwhereyouusereasoning,emotionalappealsoryourcredibilitytoconvincethelistenerstoagreewithyouortoinspirethemtoaction.WaysofPersuasionreasoning,emotionalappeals,credibilityPurposetoinfluencetheattitudes,beliefs,values,andactsoftheaudienceandothersRoleofspeakeranadvocate39WangJufangDefinitionofPersuasiveSpeecInformativevs.PersuasiveInaninformativespeech,thespeakerconveysfactsanddetails.todefine,toexplainandtoclarifyInapersuasivespeech,thespeakertriestoshape/influencethelisteners’ideas,beliefs,attitudes,orbehavior.40WangJufangInformativevs.PersuasiveInaAudienceAdaptationStronglyOpposedModeratelyOpposedSlightlyOpposedNeutralSlightlyinFavorModeratelyinFavorStronglyinFavorPersuasioninvolvesanymovementbyalistenerfromlefttoright.Persuasivespeech:

MENTALDIALOGUEwiththeaudience41WangJufangAudienceAdaptationPersuasAudienceAdaptationAspeakershouldadaptthecontentandstrategytotheaudience:TheirpositionTheirmajorobjectionsTheirquestionsTheirfavoritestyleofcommunicationTipsforaudienceadaptationSetaparticularpartofthewholeaudienceasyourTARGETAUDIENCE.Tailoryourspeechtofitthevaluesandconcernsofyourtargetaudience.42WangJufangAudienceAdaptationAspeakersTypesofPersuasiveSpeechPersuasivespeechesonquestionsoffact

事實問題Persuasivespeechesonquestionsofvalue

價值問題Persuasivespeechesonquestionsofpolicy方法問題

43WangJufangTypesofPersuasiveSpeechPers1.QuestionsofFactQuestionsoffactarequestionsaboutthetruthorfalsityofanassertion.Qsoffactcanbeansweredwithcertaintye.g.HowfarisNYtoBeijing?e.g.WhoisthefirstAfricanAmericanpresident?Qsoffactcannotbeansweredwithcertaintye.g.WillNAUenrollEnglishmajordoctorsin10years’time?e.g.Aredailymegadosesofvitaminsbeneficialtohumanhealth?(每天大量服用維生素有益健康？）44WangJufang1.QuestionsofFactQuestionsAttention！Persuasivespeechesonaquestionoffactcomeaboutinasituationwheretheaudiencehasseriousdoubtaboutthefactoracase.Informativespeechescomeaboutinsituationswheretheaudiencewantstolearnaboutthefacts.OrganizationbytopicsEachmainpointwillpresentareason(whyagree);Subdividethetopiclogicallyandconsistently.45WangJufangAttention！OrganizationbytopiExample(1)SpecificPurpose Topersuademyaudiencethatanearthquakeof9.0oraboveontheRichterscalewillhitXi’aninthenexttenyears.Mainpoints

I.Xi’anislongoverdueforamajorearthquake.

II.Manygeologicalsignsindicatethatamajorearthquakemayhappensoon.

III.ExpertsagreethatamajorearthquakecouldhitXi’ananyday.46WangJufangExample(1)SpecificPurpose10WExample(2)SpecificPurpose

topersuademyaudiencethatgeneticallyengineeredcrops(GEC)poseseriousdangerstotheenvironmentandtohumanhealth.CentralIdea

GECshavethepotentialtocreatemajorenvironmentalandhealthhazards.MainPoints

I.GECswillcreateenvironmentalhavocbyharmingbeneficialinsectswhilecreatingsuperbugsandsuperweedsthatwillbeverydifficulttocontrol.II.GECswillcreatehealthproblemsbyintroducingharmfultoxinsandallergensintofoodswithouttheknowledgeofcustomers.

47WangJufangExample(2)SpecificPurpose112.QuestionsofValueQuestionsofvaluearequestionsabouttheworth,rightness,moralityandsoforthofanideaoraction.e.g.Isitjustifiabletoclonehumanbeings?e.g.Whataretheethicalresponsibilitiesofjournalists?48WangJufang2.QuestionsofValueQuestionsOrganizationestablishingstandardsforthevaluejudgmentapplyingthosestandardstothespeechtopicPersuasionisbasedonyourjudgmentaboutwhatisrightorwrong,goodorbad,moralorimmoral,etc.Speakerneedstojustifyher/hisvaluejudgmentinlightofaclearlydefinedsetofstandards49WangJufangOrganizationPersuasionisbaseExample(1)SpecificPurpose

Topersuademyaudiencethatcapitalpunishmentiswrong.MainPoints

I.Capitalpunishmentviolatesthebiblicalcommandment“Thoushaltnotkill.”

II.Capitalpunishmentviolatestheconstitutionalbanon“cruelandunusualpunishment.”50WangJufangExample(1)SpecificPurpose14Example(2)SpecificPurpose

topersuademyaudiencethatbicycleridingistheidealformoflandtransportation.CentralIdea

Bicycleridingistheidealformoflandtransportationbecauseitisfasterthanwalkingorrunning,doesnotexploitanimalsorpeople,isnonpolluting,andpromotesthehealthoftheriders.MainPointsI.Anidealformoflandtransportationshouldmeetfourmajorstandards:fasterthanrunningorwalking,notexploitinganimalsorpeople,nonpolluting,andbeneficialforthepersonwhousesit.II.Bicycleridingmeetsallthesestandardsforanideaformoflandtransportation:fasterthanrunningorwalking,notexploitinganimalsorpeople,nonpolluting,andbeneficialforthepersonwhousesit.51WangJufangExample(2)SpecificPurpose153.QuestionsofPolicyQuestionsofpolicyarequestionsaboutwhetheraspecificcourseofactionshouldorshouldnotbetaken.e.g.Shouldsame-sexmarriagesbelegalized?e.g.ShouldNAUpayteachersbytheirresearchoutput?52WangJufang3.QuestionsofPolicyQuestionSpeechestogainpassiveagreement:Aim:toconvincetheaudiencethatagivenpolicyisdesirablewithoutencouragingtheaudiencetotakeactioninsupportofthepolicy.

Example(Tryit!)Topersuademyaudiencethatthereshouldbestrictersafetystandardsonamusement-parkrides.Topersuademyaudiencethattheauthorityshouldprohibitnetbarsfromopeningnearschools53WangJufangSpeechestogainpassiveagreeSpeechestogainimmediateaction:Aim:

togettheaudiencetodosthinsupportofthepolicy.Specificrecommendationsshouldbemadeforaction.Example(Tryit!)Topersuademyaudiencetodonatemoneyforastudentwhoiscriticallyill.Topersuademyaudiencetostartaregularexerciseprogram.Topersuademyaudiencetotakepartinmorepublicspeakingactivities.

54WangJufangSpeechestogainimmediateactMonroe’sMotivatedSequenceAnorganizationalpatternforplanningandpresentingpersuasivespeechesthatinvolvesfivesteps(門羅五步法)AttentionNeed:maketheaudiencefeelaneedforchangebystatingtheproblemclearlywithsupportmaterials.Satisfaction:satisfytheneedbyprovidingasolutionVisualization:visualizethebenefitsofyourplanAction:callforaction55WangJufangMonroe’sMotivatedSequenceAnStep1:AttentionApersuasivespeechshouldbeginbygettingtheaudience’sattentionTheattentionstepaddressescoreconcernsoftheaudience,makingthespeechhighlyrelevanttothem56WangJufangStep1:AttentionApersuasiveStep2:NeedTheneedstepisolatesanddescribestheissuetobeaddressedinthepersuasivespeechIfyoucanshowtheaudiencethattheyhaveanimportantneedthatmustbesatisfied,theyhaveareasontolistentoyourpropositions57WangJufangStep2:NeedTheneedstepisoStep3:SatisfactionThesatisfactionstepidentifiesthesolutionThisstepofferstheaudienceaproposaltoreinforceorchangetheirattitudes,beliefs,andvaluesregardingtheneedathand58WangJufangStep3:SatisfactionThesatisfStep4:VisualizationThepurposeofthevisualizationstepistocarrytheaudiencebeyondacceptingthefeasibilityofyourproposaltoseeinghowitwillactuallybenefitthemThevisualizationstepinvokesneedsofself-esteemandself-actualization59WangJufangStep4:VisualizationThepurpStep5:ActionTheactionstepinvolvesmakingadirectrequestoftheaudiencetoactaccordingtotheiracceptanceofthemessage60WangJufangStep5:ActionTheactionstepTipsforSuccessfulPersuasion1.Increasingcredibility/ethosExplainyourcredibilitye.g.

I’vebeenshoppingbooksonbothdangdangandjoyomanytimes,soletmetellyouwhichoneisbetter.e.g.

MyinformationcomesfromtheworkofDr.HongZhaoguang,themostwell-knowncardiovascularexpertinChina.Showcommongroundwithyouraudience.e.g.

I’mfor/againsttheindependentenrollment,andIknowalotofyouarenotwithme.Iaskonlythatyouhearmeoutandseeifmyargumentshaveanymeritwhatsoever.Thoughwemaydisagreeonthissubject,youandIhaveatleastonethingincommon:Wewanttomakeouruniversityenrollmentsystemafairone.61WangJufangTipsforSuccessfulPersuasion2.ProvidingevidenceChooseevidencefromreliable,reputablesources.Provideavarietyofevidence.e.g.Accordingtoaninterviewconductedbymewith20students,60%ofthepeopleareagainsttheindependentenrollment.TipsforSuccessfulPersuasion62WangJufang2.ProvidingevidenceTipsfor3.UsesoundreasoningErrorsinreasoning(logicalfallacy)1)HastygeneralizationAconclusionreachedonthebasisofinsufficientevidence.Itisoftenincludeswordslikealways,never,allandnone.e.g.

Chinaistheonlycountryintheworldwherestudentshavetostudyveryhardforoneexamthatwilldecidetheirfuture–thecollegeentranceexam.TipsforSuccessfulPersuasion63WangJufang3.UsesoundreasoningTipsfor3.UsesoundreasoningErrorsinreasoning(logicalfallacy)2)Redherring

A~argumentdistractslistenersfromtherealissueandleadsthemtowardanirrelevantissue.轉移注意力的事/話題e.g.

Yes,thecurrentuniversityenrollmentsystemhasproblems,butsodoesourmedicalcaresystem,andhousingsystem.Whydon’twereformthem?TipsforSuccessfulPersua