P1-21:unit1,P22-43:unit2,P44-65:unit3,P66-88:unit4,P89-113:unit5,P114-133:unit6,P134-144:unit7,P145-166:unit8UNIT1SectionOnePart1SpotDictationHousesintheFutureWell,Ithinkhousesinthefuturewillprobablybe(1)quitesmallbutIshouldthinkthey'llbe(2)well-insulatedsothatyoudon'tneedsomuch(3)heatingand(4)coolingasyoudonow,soperhapsveryeconomical(5)torun.Perhapstheywilluse(6)solarheating,althoughIdon'tknow,inthiscountry,perhapswe(7)won'tbeabletodothatsomuch.Yes,Ithinkthey'llbefullof(8)electronicgadgets:thingslikeveryadvancedtelevisions,videos,perhapsvideoswhichtakeup...thescreen(9)takesupthewholewall.Ishouldthink.Yes,you'llhavethingslike(10)garagedoorswhichopenautomaticallywhenyou(11)driveup,perhapselectronic(12)sensorswhichwill(13)recognizeyouwhenyou,whenyoucometothefrontdooreven.Perhaps(14)architectsanddesignerswillbeabitmore(15)imaginativeabouthowhousesaredesignedandperhapswiththe(16)shortageofspacepeoplewillthinkofputtinggardens(17)ontheroofand,andmayberoomscanbe(18)expandedand,and(19)contracteddependingonwhatyouusethemfor,soperhapsthere'llbeabitmore(20)flexibilityaboutthat.精選Part2ListeningforGistTuesdaytwofifteen.Letmelookinmydiary.No,Thursday.Oh,I'msorry.IthoughtyousaidTuesday.Thursdaytwofifteen.No,I'msorry.I'vegotanappointmentuntilthree.Couldwemakeitlater?Saythreefifteen?Well,there'salottotalkabout.It'lltakeacoupleofhours,atleast.ShallwesayMondaymorning,then?Mondaymorning.Allright.Nineo'clock?Nine.Ithinkthatwillbeallright.I'llringyoubackandconfirm.A:Allright.Butringbeforefive,couldyou?Allright.Rightyouare.Bye.Bye.Exercise.Directions:Listentothedialogueandwritedownthegistandthekeywordsthathelpyoudecide.精選Thisdialogueisaboutmakinganappointment.ThekeywordsareTuesday.Thursday.twofifteen.threefifteen.Mondaymorning.nineo'clock.SectionTwoListeningcomprehensionPart1DialogueI'mterriblysorryI'mlateWoman:Listen!I'mterriblysorryI'mlate.Man:Oh,that'sallright.Itdoesn'treallymatter,doesit?Ihaven'tgotanythingbettertodo,haveI?Woman:Justletmeexplain,willyou?Man:I'veonlybeenwaitingforoveranhour.That'sall.Woman:Yes.Iknow,andIwouldhave...Man:Afterall,mytimeisn'treallythatimportant,isit?Woman:Pleasedon'tbelikethat.Justletmeexplain.(Silence.Mansaysnothing.)Woman:I...ItriedtogethereintimebutjustafterIlefthome,thecarbrokedown.Man:Thecarbrokedown?精選Woman:Yes,and...well...luckily...therewasagaragenearme.And...andittookthemawhiletorepairit.Man:Whydidn'tyouatleastphone?Woman:Iwouldhave!ButIdidn'tknowthenumberoftherestaurant.Man:Youcouldhavelookeditupinthetelephonebook!Woman:Yes,but...you'llneverbelievethis...Icouldn'trememberthenameoftherestaurant.Iknewwhereitwas,butforgotthename.Man:Isee.Well,atleastitwasluckyyoufoundagaragetorepairyourcar.Woman:Yes.ItwassomethingIcouldn'tdomyself.Itdidn'ttaketoolong,butthat'swhyI'mlate,yousee.Man:Uh-huh.Whichgarage,bytheway?Woman:Pardon?Man:Whichgaragedidyoutakeitto?Woman:Uh...theonenearmyflat.Youknow.LewisBrothers.Man:Yes,Iknowthatgarage.It'stheonlyonenearyourflat.Woman:Hmm,wellnow,let'shavesomethingtoeat.Uh,whataboutsome...Man:Iknowthegarageverywell!Woman:Yes.Let'sseenow.Yes,IthinkI'llhavesome...Man:Apityit'sSunday.Woman:Pardon?Man:Apityit'sSunday.ThatgarageisclosedonSunday!精選ExerciseDirections:Listentothedialogueandwritedownthegistandthekeywordsthathelpyoudecide.Theyarepossiblyboyfriendandgirlfriend.Inarestaurant."Itdoesn'treallymatter,doesit?Ihaven'tgotanythingbettertodo,haveI?""I'veonlybeenwaitingforoveranhour.That'sall""Afterall,mytimeisn'treallythatimportant,isit?""Well,atleastitwasluckyyoufoundagaragetorepairyourcar."Becauseshewantstostoptheconversationlikethis.5.Becauseheknowsthegirlislying.Part2PassageTheOscarStatuette1Industryinsidersandmembersofthepresscalledtheaward"theAcademystatuette","thegoldentrophy"or"thestatueofmerit",butthetermneverstuck.2.Nohardevidenceexiststosupportthattale,butinanycase,bythesixth精選AwardsPresentationin1934,aHollywoodcolumnistusedthenameinhiscolumn.WaltDisneywashonoredwithonefull-sizeandsevenminiaturestatuettesonbehalfofhisanimatedfeatureSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfs.Ifthestatuettesdon'tmeetstrictqualitycontrolstandards,theyareimmediatelycutinhalfandmelteddown.5.ThelargeboxesareshippedtotheAcademyofficesviaairexpress,withnoidentifiablemarkings.TheOscarstatuette,designedbyMGM's*chiefartdirectorCedricGibbons,depictsaknightholdingacrusader's*sword,standingonareeloffilmwithfivespokes,signifyingtheoriginalbranchesoftheAcademy:Actors,Writers,Directors,Producers,andTechnicians.Bornin1928,yearswouldpassbeforetheAcademyAwardofMeritwasofficiallynamed"Oscar".Industryinsidersandmembersofthepresscalledtheaward"theAcademystatuette","thegoldentrophy"or"thestatueofmerit".Theentertainmenttradepaper,WeeklyVariety,evenattemptedtopopularize"theironman".Thetermneverstuck.ApopularstoryhasbeenthatanAcademylibrarianandeventualexecutivedirector,MargaretHerrick,thoughtthestatuetteresembledheruncleOscarandsaidso,andthatasaresulttheAcademystaffbeganreferringtoitasOscar.精選Nohardevidenceexiststosupportthattale,butinanycase,bythesixthAwardsPresentationin1934,HollywoodcolumnistSidneySkolskyusedthenameinhiscolumninreferencetoKatharineHepburn'sfirstBestActresswin.TheAcademyitselfdidn'tusethenicknameofficiallyuntil1939.Sinceitsconception,theOscarstatuettehasmetexactinguniformstandards-withafewnotableexceptions.Inthe1930s,juvenileplayersreceivedminiaturereplicas*ofthestatuette;aventriloquist*EdgarBergenwaspresentedwithawoodenstatuettewithamoveablemouth;andWaltDisneywashonoredwithonefull-sizeandsevenminiaturestatuettesonbehalfofhisanimatedfeatureSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfs.Between1942and1944,insupportofthewareffort,Oscarsweremadeofplaster.AftertheWar,winnersturnedinthetemporaryawardsforgoldenOscarstatuettes.ThetraditionalOscarstatuette,however,hasn'tchangedsincethe1940s,whenthebasewasmadehigher.In1945,thebasewaschangedfrommarbletometalandin1949,AcademyAwardstatuettesbegantobenumbered,startingwithNo.501.Approximately50OscarsaremadeeachyearinChicagobythemanufacturer,R.S.Owens.Iftheydon'tmeetstrictqualitycontrolstandards,thestatuettesareimmediatelycutinhalfandmelteddown.EachawardisindividuallypackedintoaStyrofoamcontainerslightlylargerthanashoebox.Eightofthesearethenpackedintoalargercardboardbox,andthelargeboxes精選areshippedtotheAcademyofficesinBeverlyHillsviaairexpress,withnoidentifiablemarkings.OnMarch10,2000,55AcademyAwardsmysteriouslyvanishedenroutefromtheWindyCity*totheCityofAngels.Ninedayslater,52ofstolenstatuetteswerediscoverednexttoaDumpster*intheKoreatownsectionofLosAngelesbyWillieFulgear,whowaslaterinvitedbytheAcademytoattendtheOscar2000ceremoniesasaspecialguest.Foreightdecades,theOscarshavesurvivedwar,weatheredearthquakes,andevenmanagedtoescapeunscathed*fromcommonthieves.Since1995,however,R.S.Owenshasrepairedmorethan160statuettes."Maybesomebodyusedchemicalsonthemtopolishthemandthechemicalsrubbedrightthroughthelacquer*andintothegold,"explainsthecompanypresident."Ormaybepeoplestoredthemsomeplacewheretheycorroded."Althoughhestressesthatthestatuetteismadetoendure,SiegeloffersthissageadvicetoallOscarwinners:"Ifitgetsdusty,simplywipeitwithasoftdrycloth."ExerciseAPre-listeningQuestionEveryJanuary,theattentionoftheentertainmentcommunityandoffilmfansaroundtheworldturnstotheupcomingAcademyAwards,thehighesthonorinfilmmaking.TheannualpresentationoftheOscarshasbecometheAcademyof精選MotionPictureArtsandSciences'mostfamousactivity.TheOscarStatuetteisaknightholdingacrusader'ssword,standingonareeloffilmwithfivespokes.ExerciseBSentenceDictationDirections:Listeningtosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.ExerciseCDetailedListeningDirections:Listentothepassageanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Discusswithyourclassmateswhyyouthinkthestatementistrueorfalse.T1.TherewerefiveoriginalbranchesoftheAcademy.(BecausethefivespokesonthereeloffilmsignifytheoriginalbranchesoftheAcademy:Actors,Writers,Directors,Producers,andTechnicians.)2.TheAcademyAwardofMeritwasofficiallynamed"Oscar"in1928.(Bornin1928,yearswouldpassbeforetheAcademyAwardofMeritwasofficiallynamed"Oscar.")3.TheAcademystaffbeganreferringtotheAcademystatuetteasOscarbecauseMargaretHerricksaidthestatuettewaslikeheruncleOscar.(AnAcademylibrarianandeventualexecutivedirector,Margaret精選Herrick,thoughtthestatuetteresembledheruncleOscarandsaidso,andasaresulttheAcademystaffbeganreferringtoitasOscar.)4.Sinceitsconception,theOscarstatuettehasmetexactinguniformstandards.(Therewereafewnotableexceptions.In1930s,juvenileplayersreceivedminiaturereplicasofthestatuetteandaventriloquistEdgarBergengainedawoodenstatuettewithamoveablemouth.WaltDisneywashonoredwithonefull-sizeandsevenminiaturestatuettes.)T5.Oscarsweremadeofplasterinthe1940sbecauseoftheWar.(Between1942and1944,insupportofthewareffort,Oscarsweremadeofplaster.)T6.Themanufacturer,R.S.Owensmakesabout50OscarseachyearinChicago.(Approximately50OscarsaremadeeachyearinChicagobythemanufacturer,R.S.Owens.)F7.55AcademyAwardswerestolenbyamysteriouspersonenroutefromtheWindyCitytotheCityofAngelsonMarch10,2000.(OnMarch10,2000,55AcademyAwardsjustmysteriouslyvanishedenroutefromtheWindyCitytotheCityofAngels,buthowandbywhomwasunknown.)F8.Foreightyyears,theOscarshavesurvivedwar,weatheredearthquakes,managedtoescapeunscathedfromcommonthievesandevenchemicalcorrosion.(Since1995,however,R.S.Owenshasrepairedmorethan160statuettes.精選"Maybesomebodyusedchemicalsonthemtopolishthemandthechemicalsrubbedrightthroughthelacquerandintothegold.")ExerciseDAfter-listeningDiscussionDirections:Listentothepassageagainanddiscussthefollowingquestions.ThetraditionalOscarstatuettehasn'tchangedsincethe1940s,whenthebasewasmadehigher.In1945,thebasewaschangedfrommarbletometalandin1949,AcademyAwardstatuettesbegantobenumbered,startingwithNo.501.(Open)SectionThreeNewsNewsItem1Bush-NATO-IraqMr.BushsayshehopesAmerica'sNATOallieswillstandwiththeUnitedStatesifhedecidestotakemilitaryactionagainstIraq.Allthesame,thepresidentsaysnoactionislikelyinthenearfuture.HesaysfornowthefocusisonimplementingthenewUNresolutionthatcallsforatoughweaponsinspectionregime*andwarnsofconsequencesifIraqileaderSaddamHusseinfailstocomply*.精選AdministrationofficialsaytheyexpecttheNATOsummittoreleaseapoliticalstatementbackingtheUNresolution.TheysayPresidentBushwillbringupIraqinhisbilateralmeetingsinPrague*,buttheyalsosaytheydonotbelievetheIraqithreatwillbethefocusofthesummit.InPrague,theallianceplanstotakestepstowardthecreationofarapiddeploymentforcethatcanplayaroleincombatingterrorism.ThepresidentsaideventhesmallestNATOmembernationscancontributesomethingtothecauseExerciseADirections:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisaboutAmerican’sNATOallies.ExerciseBDirections:ListentothenewsagainandanswerthefollowingquestionsHehopesAmerica'sNATOallieswillstandwiththeUnitedStatesifhedecidestotakemilitaryactionagainstIraq.No,thepresidentsaysnoactionislikelyinthenearfuture.TheyexpecttheNATOsummittoreleaseapoliticalstatementbackingtheUNresolution.TheNATOsummitisheldinPrague.5.No,itwillnotbethefocusoftheNATOsummit.精選NewsItem2Bush-IraqPresidentBushsayseveryoneknowstherealpowerinIraqlieswithSaddamHussein:"Thereisnodemocracy.Thisguyisadictatorandsowehavetoseewhathesays."ThepresidentsaystheIraqileaderhasachoicetomake:disarmpeacefullyorbedisarmedbyforce:"IfSaddamHusseindoesnotcomplytothedetailoftheresolution,wewillleadacoalitiontodisarmhim.Itisover.Wearethroughwithnegotiations.Thereisnomoretime.Themanmustdisarm.Hesaidhewoulddisarm.Henowmustdisarm."Mr.BushspokewithreporterswhiletouringtheWashingtonD.C.policedepartment,atourdesignedtohighlighthisplantocreateacabinetlevelDepartmentofHomelandSecurity.HeleftnodoubthispatienceregardingIraqiswearingverythin*,stressingtheUnitedStateswillnolongertolerateanyeffortsbySaddamHusseintocircumvent*demandstodisarm.ExerciseADirections:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisabouttheBushadministration'sattitudetowardsIraq.ExerciseBDirections:Listentothenewsagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatements精選aretrue(T)orfalse(F).TFTFTNewsItem3Britain-IraqBritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairdeliveredaradioaddresslateThursdaytotheIraqipeoplewarningthatSaddamHusseinmustcomplywithUNdemandsorsuffertheconsequences.PrimeMinisterBlairsaidSaddamHusseinmustcooperatewithUNweaponsinspectors,orbepreparedtofacemilitaryaction.InaninterviewwithRadioMonteCarlo'sArabicserviceThursday,Mr.Blairsaidwarcouldbeavoided,ifIraqagreedtodisarm."Thesituationisveryclear.IfSaddamHusseinagreestodisarmIraqofallchemical,orbiologicalornuclearweaponsprogramsandcapability,thenconflictwouldbeavoided,andhisdutyistocooperatefullywiththeinspectorstotellthemexactlywhatmaterialhehas,tocooperateandcomplywiththemintheeradicationofthatmaterial."TheprimeministersaidhewantedtospeakdirectlytotheIraqipeopletotrytodispelwhathecalledmythsthathavearisenbetweenChristiansandMuslims.HesaidthedisputewithIraqisnotabouttheWestversustheEastoraboutoil,butaboutweaponsofmassdestruction.精選ExerciseADirections:Listeningtothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisaboutBritishPrimeMinister'sstandontheIraqiissue.ExerciseBDirections:Listentothenewsagainandcompletethefollowingsentences.1.PrimeMinisterBlairwarnedthatSaddamHusseinwouldsuffertheconsequencesunlesshecooperatedwiththeUNweaponsinspectors.2.SaddamHusseinshouldcooperatefullywiththeinspectorstotellthemexactlywhatmaterialhehas,andcomplywiththemintheeradicationofthatmaterial.3.OnThursdayTonyBlairhadaninterviewwithRadioMonteCarlo'sArabicservice.4.AccordingtothePrimeMinister,theconflictcanbeavoidedifSaddamHusseinagreestodisarmIraqofallchemical.orbiologicalornuclearweaponsprogramsandcapability.5.Mr.BlairsaidthedisputewithIraqisnotabouttheWestversustheEastoraboutoil,butaboutweaponsofmassdestruction.SectionFourSupplementaryExercisesPart1Featurereport精選Blix’sIraqInspectionThechiefUNarmsinspectorhasbeenassignedthetaskofsearchingforweaponsofmassdestructioninIraq.TheSecurityCouncilgaveIraqthislastopportunitytodisarmorfaceseriousconsequences,aeuphemism*forpossiblewar.TheUnitedStatessaysitwillmakesureIraqdisarms,onewayoranother.ButMr.Blix*emphasizesthathisinspectorswillnotdeterminethecourseofeventsintheregion.Hesaystheywillvisitsuspectedsites,conductinterviewswithIraqiscientists,ferret*outinformationandreportbacktotheSecurityCouncilforitsmemberstodecide.AsforUSandBritishintelligencereports,whichtheBushadministrationsaysprovesthatIraqhasbannedweapons,Mr.BlixsaysheisnotgoingintoIraqwithpre-conceivedideasofwhatisthere.ThenexttestforIraqwillbeDecember8th,thedeadlineforIraqtopresentafullaccountingofitsweaponsprograms.IfIraqpresents,ineffect,ablanksheet,Mr.Blixsays,hewouldexpecttheUnitedStatestoputitsevidenceonthetable,soitcanbeverified.Iraqhaspersistentlymaintaineditdoesnothavethebannedweapons.ThelatestsuchassertioncameinalettertotheUNthisweek,inwhichBaghdadacceptedthelatestSecurityCouncilresolutionsettingouttheparameters*forwhatexpertssaywillbethemostintrusiveinspectionsinIraq,sofar.AfterthepreliminarytechnicalworkstartingMonday,Mr.Blixsays,he精選expectsthefirstwaveofinspectionstostartNovember27th.Twomonthslater,heisrequiredtoreporttotheSecurityCouncilonIraq'sperformance.ExerciseADirections:Listeningtothenewsreportandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsreportisaboutMr.Blix'sweaponsinspectionsinIraq.ExerciseBDirections:Listentothenewsagainandfillintheblankswiththemissingwords.Mr.Blixemphasizesthathisinspectorswillnotdeterminethecourseofeventsintheregion.Hesaystheywillvisitsuspectedsites,conductinterviewswithIraqiscientists,ferretoutinformationandreportbacktotheSecurityCouncilforitsmemberstodecide.ThenexttestforIraqwillbeDecembereighth,thedeadlineforIraqtopresentafullaccountingofitsweaponsprograms.IfIraqpresents,ineffect,ablanksheet,Mr.Blixsays,hewouldexpecttheUnitedStatestoputitsevidenceonthetable,soitcanbeverified.Iraqhaspersistentlymaintaineditdoesnothavethebannedweapons.ThelatestsuchassertioncameinalettertotheUNthisweek,inwhichBaghdadacceptedthelatestSecurityCouncilresolutionsettingouttheparametersfor精選whatexpertssaywillbethemostintrusiveinspectionsinIraq,sofar.Part2PassageRiseandFallofEgyptTheNileRiverwasakindfriendbutoccasionallyahardtaskmasterofthepeoplewholivedalongitsbanks.Induecourseoftime,onemanwhogrewmorepowerfulthanmostofhisneighborsbecametheirKing.ProvidedhewasnotobligedtopaymoretaxestohisKingthanhethoughtjust,heacceptedtheruleofpharaohasacceptedtheruleofMightyOsiris.Itwasdifferenthoweverwhenaforeigninvadercameandrobbedhimofhispossessions.EgyptregainedasemblanceofindependencewhenoneofAlexander'sgeneralssethimselfupaskingofanewEgyptianstate.TheNileRiver*wasakindfriendbutoccasionallyitwasahardtaskmaster*.Ittaughtthepeoplewholivedalongitsbanksthenobleartof"teamwork".Theydependeduponeachothertobuildtheirirrigationtrenchesandkeeptheirdikesinrepair.Inthiswaytheylearnedhowtogetalongwiththeirneighborsandtheirmutual-benefit-associationquiteeasilydevelopedintoanorganizedstate.精選Thenonemangrewmorepowerfulthanmostofhisneighborsandhebecametheleaderofthecommunityandtheircommander-in-chiefwhentheenviousneighborsofwesternAsiainvadedtheprosperousvalley.InduecourseoftimehebecametheirKingandruledallthelandfromtheMediterraneantothemountainsofthewest.Butthesepoliticaladventuresoftheoldpharaohs*(thewordmeant"theManwholivedintheBigHouse")rarelyinterestedthepatientandtoilingpeasantofthegrainfields.ProvidedhewasnotobligedtopaymoretaxestohisKingthanhethoughtlust,heacceptedtheruleofpharaohasacceptedtheruleofMightyOsiris*.Itwasdifferenthoweverwhenaforeigninvadercameandrobbedhimofhispossessions.Aftertwentycenturiesofindependentlife,asavageArabtribeofshepherds,calledtheHyksos,attackedEgyptandforfivehundredyearstheywerethemastersofthevalleyoftheNile.TheywerehighlyunpopularandgreathatewasalsofeltfortheHebrewswhocametothelandofGoshen*tofindashelteraftertheirlongwanderingthroughthedesertandwhohelpedtheforeignusurper*byactingashistax-gatherersandhiscivilservants.Butshortlyaftertheyear1700B.C.,thepeopleofThebesbeganarevolutionandafteralongstruggletheHyksosweredrivenoutofthecountryandEgyptwasfreeoncemore.Athousandyearslater,whenAssyria*conqueredallofwesternAsia,Egypt精選becamepartoftheempireofSardanapalus*.IntheseventhcenturyB.C.,itbecameoncemoreanindependentstateExerciseAPre-listeningQuestion,ItistheGreatPyramidofGizaprobably.Thegreatpyramidisbelievedtohavebeenbuiltovera20-yearperiod.Thesitewasfirstprepared,andblocksofstoneweretransportedandplaced.Anoutercasing(whichdisappearedovertheyears)wasthenusedtosmooththesurface.Althoughitisnotknownhowtheblockswereputinplace,severaltheorieshavebeenproposed.OnetheoryinvolvestheExerciseBSentenceDictationconstructionofastraightorspiralrampthatwasraisedastheconstructionproceeded.Thisramp,coatedwithmudandwater,easedthedisplacementoftheblockswhichwerepushed(orpulled)intoplace.Asecondtheorysuggeststhattheblockswereplacedusinglongleverswithashortangledfoot.1.ExerciseBSentenceDictationDirections:Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.精選ExerciseCDetailedlisteningDirections:Listentothepassageandchoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.1.C2.B3.B4.A5.A6.B7.D8.CExerciseDAfter-listeningDiscussionDirections:Listentothepassageagainanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.ThelastEgyptianqueen,Cleopatra,triedherbesttosavethecountrywhentheRomanscameintheyear39B.C.HerbeautyandcharmweremoredangeroustotheRomangeneralsthanhalfadozenEgyptianarmycorps.ShewassuccessfultwiceinherattacksupontheheartsofherRomanconquerors.Intheyear30B.c.,AugustuslandedinAlexandriaanddestroyedherarmies.Shekilledherselfbytakingpoison.2(Open)精選UNIT2SectionOneTacticsforlisteningPart1SportDictationMyMotherMymotherwasanefficient(1)taskmasterwhocooked,cleanedandshoppedforninepeople(2)onadailybasis.Shewasadisciplinarian*whowouldmakeussevenkidswalkupanddownthestairsahundredtimesifweclumpedlike(4)fieldhandsto-dinner.Shealsoenlistedustohelpherintheday'schores.Mymotherbelievedthateachofherchildrenhadaspecial(6)knackthatmadehimorherinvaluableoncertain(7)missions.MybrotherMike,forexample,wasbelievedtohaveespecially(8)keeneyesight.Hewashoistedupasahuman(9)telescopewheneversheneededtoseesomething(10)faraway.Johnwastheclimberwhenakite(11)gotcaught.Myownjobwasnavigatorforour(12)giganticoldChrysler.Butmymother's(13)abilitytogetworkdonewellwasonly(14)oneside.Shealsohadan(15)imaginationthatcarriedherindifferentdirections,that(16)allowedhertotranscendhereverydaylife.Shedidnot(17)believeinmagicasportrayedonastage,but(18)valuedinsteadthesoundofametalbucketbeingfilledbyahose,orthepersistenceofadandelionatthe(20)edgeofawoodpile.精選Part2ListeningforGistForhundredsofyearsmanhasbeenfascinatedbytheideaofflying.OneofthefirstmentoproducedesignsforaircraftwasLeonardodaVinci,anItalianartistwholivedinthefifteenthcentury.However,itwasnotuntiltheeighteenthcenturythatpeoplebegantofly,orperhapsitwouldbebettertosayfloat,acrossthecountrysideinballoons.Thefirsthot-airballoonwasmadeinApril1783bytheMontgolfierbrothersinFrance.Inthefollowingyearsmanyflightsweremadebyballoon.Someoftheflightswereforpleasureandotherswerefordeliveringmailandformilitarypurposes,suchasobservationandevenbombing.However,inthelatenineteenthcentury,airshipssupersededballoonsasaformoftransport.Airshipscameafterballoons.ThefirstpoweredandmannedflightwasmadebyaFrenchman,Giffard,inSeptember1852.Hisairship,poweredbysteam,traveledtwenty-sevenkilometersfromParistoTrappesataspeedofeightkilometersperhour.Howeverthedaysoftheairshipwerenumberedastheaeroplanebecameincreasinglysafeandpopular.ExerciseDirections:Listentothepassageandwritedownthegistandthekeywordsthathelpyoudecide.精選Thispassageisabouttheearlyhistoryofflying.Thekeywordsaredesigns,anItalianartist,fifteenthcentury,eighteenthcentury,fly,float,balloons,hot-airballoon,April1783,airships,September1852,aeroplane.SectionTwoListeningComprehensionPart1DialogueBuyingaCarGoodmorning,canIhelpyou?Yes,I'minterestedinbuyingacar.Haveyouanythinginmind?Notreally.Whatpriceareyouthinkingof?B:Notmorethan13,500￡.A:Let'sseenow...OvertherebetweentheLanciaandtheVolvoisaMini.Itcosts12,830￡andischeaptorun:Itdoes38milespergallon.Orthere'stheCitroen,behindtheMini.Itcosts12,070and￡isevencheapertorunthantheMini:Itdoes45milespergallon.It'snotveryfastthough.Itonlydoes69精選milesperhour.No,IthinktheMiniandtheCitroenaretoosmall.I'vegotthreechildren.Isn'tthereanythingbiggeratthatprice?Well,there'stheToyotaoverthere,totheleftofthePeugeot.It'sverycomfortableandcosts13,040￡.It'scheaptoruntoo,anditalsohasabuilt-inradio.Orthere'stheRenaultatthebackoftheshowroom,behindthePeugeot.Itcostsalittlemore,￡13,240,butitischeapertorun.Itdoes40milespergallonandtheToyotaonlydoes36milespergallon.WhataboutthatVolkswagenoverthere,infrontoftheToyota?Thatcostsalittlemorethan￡13,500butit'saveryreliablecar.It'smoreexpensivetorunthantheothers:Itdoes34milespergallon,butit'sfaster.Itstopspeedis90milesperhour.TheToyota'sis80milesperhourandtheRenault'sis82milesperhour.B:Howmuchdoesitcost?￡13,630andthatincludesa5-yearguarantee.AndtheFiatnexttotheVolkswagen?A:Againthat'smorethan13,500,￡butit'scheaperthantheVolkswagen.Itcosts￡13,550.Hmmwell,I'llhavetothinkaboutitandstudythesepamphlets.HowmuchisthatPeugeotincidentally,behindtheLancia?精選A:Oh,that'sexpensive.Itcosts15,190.￡B:Yes,thatisabittoomuch.Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp.Goodbye.R￡13.24040m/g82m/hTC￡13,040P￡12,07036m/g￡15,19045m/g80m/h69m/hVWMF￡13,630LV￡12,830￡13,55034m/g￡16,240￡15,85038m/g90m/hPart2PassageTheWrights’Story1.OnthemorningofDecember17,1903,between10:30a.m.andnoon,four精選flightsweremade,twobyOrvilleWrightandtwobyWilburWright.Underthedirectionoftheoperatoritclimbedupwardonaninclinedcoursetillaheightof8or10feetfromthegroundwasreached.IntotheteethofaDecembergalethe"Flyer"madeitswayforwardwithaspeedof10milesanhouroverthegroundand30to35milesanhourthroughtheair.Theheightchosenwassufficientformaneuveringinsogustyawindandwithnopreviousacquaintancewiththeconductofthemachineanditscontrollingmechanisms..Inattemptingtobringthemachinedowntothedesiredheight,theoperatorturnedtheruddertoofar,andthemachineturneddownwardmorequicklythanhadbeenexpected.OnthemorningofDecember17,1903,between10:30a.m.andnoon,fourflightsweremade,twobyOrvilleWrightandtwobyWilburWright.Thestartswereallmadefromapointonthelevelsandabout200feetwestofourcamp,whichislocatedaquarterofamilenorthoftheKillDevilsandhill,inDareCounty,NorthCarolina.Thewindatthetimeoftheflightshadavelocity*of27milesanhourat10a.m.,and24milesanhouratnoon,asrecordedbytheanemometer*attheKittyHawkWeatherBureauStation.Theflightsweredirectlyagainstthewind.Eachtimethemachinestarted精選fromthelevelgroundbyitsownpoweralonewithnoassistancefromgravityoranyothersourcewhatever.Afterarunofabout40feetalongamonorail*track,whichheldthemachine8inches(20centimeters)fromtheground,itrosefromthetrackandunderthedirectionoftheoperatorclimbedupwardonaninclinedcoursetillaheightof8or10feetfromthegroundwasreached,afterwhichthecoursewaskeptasnearhorizontalasthewindgustsandthelimitedskilloftheoperatorwouldpermit.IntotheteethofaDecembergalethe"Flyer"madeitswayforwardwithaspeedof10milesanhouroverthegroundand30to35milesanhourthroughtheair.Ithadpreviouslybeendecidedthatforreasonsofpersonalsafetythesefirsttrialsshouldbemadeasclosetothegroundaspossible.Theheightchosenwassufficientformaneuvering*insogustyawindandwithnopreviousacquaintancewiththeconductofthemachineanditscontrollingmechanisms.Consequentlythefirstflightwasshort.Thesucceedingflightsrapidlyincreasedinlengthandatthefourthtrialaflightof59secondswasmade,inwhichtimethemachineflewalittlemorethanhalfamilethroughtheairandadistanceof852feetovertheground.Thelandingwasduetoaslighterrorofjudgmentonthepartoftheaviator.Afterpassingoveralittlehummock*ofsand,inattemptingtobringthemachinedowntothedesiredheight,theoperatorturnedtherudder*toofar,andthe精選machineturneddownwardmorequicklythanhadbeenexpected.Thereversemovementoftherudderwasafractionofasecondtoolatetopreventthemachinefromtouchingthegroundandthusendingtheflight.Aswinterwasalreadywellsetin,weshouldhavepostponedthetrialstoamorefavorableseason,butweweredeterminedtoknowwhetherthemachinepossessedsufficientpowertofly,sufficientstrengthtowithstandtheshocksoflandingsandsufficientcapacityofcontroltomakeflightsafeinboisterous*winds,aswellasincalmair.ExerciseAPre-listeningQuestionOrvilleWright(1871-1948),Americanaeronauticalengineer,famousforhisroleinthefirstcontrolled,poweredflightinaheavier-than-airmachineandforhisparticipationinthedesignoftheaircraft'scontrolsystem.Wrightworkedcloselywithhisbrother,WilburWright(1867-1912),Americanaeronauticalengineer,indesigningandflyingtheWrightairplane.Duringtheyears1900,1901,1902,and1903,thetwobrothersdevelopedthefirsteffectiveairplane.AtKittyHawk,NorthCarolina,onDecember17,1903,OrvilleWrightmadethefirstsuccessfulflightofapiloted,heavier-than-air,self-propelledcraft,calledtheFlyer.ThethirdFlyer,whichtheWrightsconstructedin1905,wastheworld'sfirstfullypracticalairplane.Itcouldbank,turn,circle,makefigureeights,andremainintheairforaslongasthefuellasted,uptohalfanhouronoccasion.精選ExerciseBSentenceDictationDirections:Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.ExerciseCDetailedListeningDirections:Listentothepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.FourflightsweremadeonthemorningofDecember17,1903,twobyOrvilleWrightandtwobyWilburWright.Thewindatthetimeoftheflightshadavelocityof27milesanhourat10a.m.,and24milesanhouratnoon,asrec