“七選五”語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)的體驗(yàn)與感悟“七選五”語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)的體驗(yàn)與感悟1Warm-upNov.1111.11Singles’DayCrazyWarm-upNov.1111.11Singles’D2WhatwillmanyChinesepeopledotoday?Warm-upWhatdoyouwanttobuy?GoonashoppingspreeGuesswhatIwillbuy.WhatwillmanyChinesepeople3高考英語(yǔ)“七選五”語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)公開(kāi)課優(yōu)質(zhì)課件4Task

1Task

2FourTipsforSafeOnlineShopping根據(jù)標(biāo)題預(yù)測(cè)文體A.記敘文B.說(shuō)明文C.議論文預(yù)測(cè)文章結(jié)構(gòu)總->分總->分->總P1P2P3P4P5P6Task1Task2FourTipsforSafe5FourTipsforSafeOnlineShopping

WouldyouliketogoonlineshoppingonNov.11th?Youcangetsomerealbargains.However,onlineshoppingisindeedrisky.Alwaysgotopopularwebsites.Nevergotorandomsitesthatfeatureinsearchengineresults,oronesthatyouhaveneverheardofbefore.…Createapasswordforyouraccount....Makesureyouchangethepasswordonaregularbasis.Nevergiveawayyourpersonalinformation.Youwillhavetoprovidesomeinformationwhileshoppingonline,however,youneedtomakesurethatthisisjustthegeneralinformation,likeyournameorcontactnumber.Nevergiveoutconfidentialinformation,likeyourpassword,ononlineshoppingwebsites.Docheckbeforemakingthepurchase.Beforemakingthepurchase,ensurethefollowing:Knowwhoyouaredealingwith.Knowwhatyouarebuying.Checkthesize,color,valueandsafetyoftheproduct.Checkthecurrency,postageandothercharges.總分andimproveyourshoppingexperience.HerearefourtipstoconfirmFourTipsforSafeOnlineShop6如何分析語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析段落間的銜接和邏輯關(guān)系由面到點(diǎn)化繁為簡(jiǎn)考綱：“七選五主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握”BINGO分析句子間邏輯語(yǔ)義的連貫如何分析語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析段落間的銜接和邏輯關(guān)系由化考7語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)初體驗(yàn)語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)初體驗(yàn)8

Secretcodes(密碼)keepmessagesprivate.

Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.

36

Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.

37

Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”

38

Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber.Forexample,let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“13520135.”Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.

39

Forexample,“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”

40However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.P3密碼學(xué)分類P4密碼學(xué)分類P5密碼學(xué)分類Task

2Task

1分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，分析各段要義和關(guān)鍵詞觀察37、38、39空所在段落的結(jié)構(gòu)和句式特征語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)初體驗(yàn)-

2016年新課標(biāo)1卷七選五P1引入話題P2密碼學(xué)定義Secretcodes(密碼)keep9Task

3快速瀏覽，剔除不屬于創(chuàng)設(shè)密碼的方法的選項(xiàng)A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)初體驗(yàn)Task3快速瀏覽，剔除不屬于創(chuàng)設(shè)密碼的方法的選項(xiàng)A.I10

Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.

37Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”

38Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,Forexample,let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“13520135.”Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.

39Forexample,“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”…E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.FGETask

4根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)應(yīng)法選入正確選項(xiàng)，確保句子邏輯連貫語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)初體驗(yàn)Therearethreemaint11Anotherpassageiscoming…語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)分析實(shí)踐操練Anotherpassageiscoming…語(yǔ)篇結(jié)12Whenwewereyoung,weusedtorecordourdailylifebywritingin______________.adiarybookWhenwewereyoung,weusedto13Nowadays,weusuallyrecordourdailylifeby________.postingonWeChatNowadays,weusuallyrecordou14Whyaretheresomanypeoplekeepingajournal?Howdowebenefitfromkeepingajournal?Whyaretheresomanypeoplek15TheBenefitsofKeepingaJournalIfyouwanttogrow,oneimportantthingyoushoulddoiskeepingajournal.Itmayseemsimple,butitcanmakeabigdifferenceinyourlife.Ihavebeenkeepingjournalsforyears.WritingallthelessonsIlearnandalltheideasIgethasbecomeahabitforme.

36

Herearesomebenefitsyouwillgetbykeepingajournal.Itpreventsyoufromlosinganidea.Haveyouevergottenanideaonlytoloseitlaterbecauseyoudidn’twriteitdown?

37

ButthenIdevelopedthehabitofwritingdowneveryideathatcameintomymindassoonaspossible.IfI’mawayfrommycomputer,IusuallywriteitdownonapieceofpaperthatIbringwhereverIgo.Iwillthentransfertheideatothejournalinmycomputer.Ithelpsyoureviewallthelessonsyou’velearned.Byreviewingyourjournal,youcanquicklyseethelessonsyou’velearnedandtheideasyou’vegotten.

38

Youcanusetheideastopropel(鞭策)yourselfforward.

39

Afterkeepingajournalforyears,youcanlookbackatitandseehowfaryou’vegone.Thingsthatwerebigproblemsinthepastmightseemsmalltoday.Therawideasyouhadinthepastmighthavebeenrealizedtoday.Ithelpsyouexpandyourideas.Whenyoutrytocomeupwithasentencetoexpress…實(shí)踐操練–

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析TheBenefitsofKeepingaJour16A.Ioftenexperiencedthatmyself.B.Ittrainsyoutoexpressyourthoughts.C.Itallowsyoutoseeyourprogressovertime.D.Justusewhatevertoolyoufeelcomfortablewith.E.Thinkingactivelyhelpsyouconnectyourideatoanotheridea.F.Andtobehonest,Ican’timaginewhatmylifewouldbelikewithoutit.G.Thenyoucandowhatevernecessarytoavoidrepeatingthesamemistakes.Itpreventsyoufromlosinganidea.…Ithelpsyoureviewallthelessonsyou’velearned.…

39

Afterkeepingajournalforyears,youcanlookbackatitandseehowfaryou’vegone.Thingsthatwerebigproblemsinthepastmightseemsmalltoday.Therawideasyouhadinthepastmighthavebeenrealizedtoday.Ithelpsyouexpandyourideas.…

分析39空的選項(xiàng)并找出下文的呼應(yīng)Task

1觀察這幾個(gè)段落主題句的句式特征Task

2C實(shí)踐操練–段落分析A.Ioftenexperiencedthatmy17◆Ithelpsyoureviewallthelessonsyou’velearned.Byreviewingyourjournal,youcanquicklyseethelessonsyou’velearnedandtheideasyou’vegotten.

38

Youcanusetheideastopropel(鞭策)yourselfforward.Task

3觀察38空前后句的句式特征Task

4尋找38空前后互相對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞D.Justusewhatevertoolyoufeelcomfortablewith.E.Thinkingactivelyhelpsyouconnectyourideatoanotheridea.G.Thenyoucandowhatevernecessarytoavoidrepeatingthesamemistakes.對(duì)稱！G實(shí)踐操練–句子分析◆Ithelpsyoureviewa18實(shí)踐操練–小標(biāo)題分析Task

1根據(jù)已給的小標(biāo)題句式特征，尋找有可能的小標(biāo)題Trynottoisolateyourself

KeepyourbodyhealthyAvoidalcoholanddrugs40(小標(biāo)題)AskforhelpifyouarestressedEvenashortwalkcanbebeneficialTurntoyourparentsforhelpAsyougetoutintotheworld,youmayfindyourselffeelingbetterInshort,drinkingandtakingdrugswillmakeyoufeelworse–notbetter–inthelongtermThemoreexerciseyoudo,thehealthieryouwillbeHelpisavailableandyouhavemorepowerthanyouthinkGuideforTeenagers實(shí)踐操練–小標(biāo)題分析Task1根據(jù)已給的小標(biāo)題句式特征19課堂知識(shí)拓展&

GroupWork思考：234要點(diǎn)之間一定是同步的嗎？有沒(méi)有先后之分？Task

1將各步驟合理排序

Everyscientificfieldusesthescientificmethodtoconductexperiments.Performingexperimentsisveryimportantinthefieldofpsychology(心理學(xué)).Beforebeginningastudy,however,anyscientistwhowishestoperformanexperimentshouldbefamiliarwiththestepsofthescientificmethod.Readontofindouthowtousethescientificmethodinpsychology.……過(guò)程？建議？?jī)?yōu)/缺點(diǎn)？步驟？圈出各段表明邏輯順序的關(guān)鍵詞TipP1P2P3P4分類？課堂知識(shí)拓展&GroupWork思考：234要點(diǎn)之間一20高考英語(yǔ)“七選五”語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)公開(kāi)課優(yōu)質(zhì)課件212013年新課標(biāo)1卷七選五

Oneistheestablishment(制定)ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction,sales,thepurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies,andaccounting.74Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments.…Task

1課堂拓展訓(xùn)練借助______________邏輯順序，明確正確選項(xiàng)C.Examplesofnonprofitbusinessincludesuchorganizationsassocialserviceagenciesandmanyhospitals.D.However,somebusinessesonlyseektoearnenoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts.E.Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.E數(shù)詞/序數(shù)詞2013年新課標(biāo)1卷七選五Oneistheesta22

…Howcanyoumakeadifferenceinyourlife?

36Theskillsoflearning,

theknowledgeoflearningaswellas…

Secondly,astheoldsayinggoes,“Althoughyouhavefailedonehundredtimes,…Task

2借助_________邏輯順序，明確正確選項(xiàng)課堂拓展訓(xùn)練A.Beconfident,behaveyourselfinpublicC.Firstly,thosewhohaveagoodcommandoflearningcanmanagethingswellD.Let’scheerupoursuccessC關(guān)聯(lián)詞…Howcanyoumakead23Everyonecanbenefitfrommakinganefforttopracticegratitudeeveryday.Thefollowingthreestepscanhelpyoustartfeelingmoregrateful,andappreciativeofthegoodthingsinyourlife:NoticetheGoodThingsinYourLife…36…EnjoytheFeelingofGratitude…37…

ExpressGratitude…38…39…

課堂拓展訓(xùn)練Task

3觀察________之間的邏輯順序A.It'saboutshowingyourheartfeltappreciation.B.Noticeandabsorbthatfeelingoftruegratitude.C.Youcanalsoexpressgratitudebydoingakindness.D.It'sallaboutfeelinggoodandcreatingacycleofgood.E.Starttonoticeandidentifythethingsyouaregratefulfor.F.Helpsomeonewithoutlettingthepersonfindoutitwasyou.G.It'samazingwhatyounoticewhenyoufocusonfeelinggrateful.小標(biāo)題Everyonecanbenefitf24歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)25

“七選五”語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)的體驗(yàn)與感悟“七選五”語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)的體驗(yàn)與感悟26Warm-upNov.1111.11Singles’DayCrazyWarm-upNov.1111.11Singles’D27WhatwillmanyChinesepeopledotoday?Warm-upWhatdoyouwanttobuy?GoonashoppingspreeGuesswhatIwillbuy.WhatwillmanyChinesepeople28高考英語(yǔ)“七選五”語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)公開(kāi)課優(yōu)質(zhì)課件29Task

1Task

2FourTipsforSafeOnlineShopping根據(jù)標(biāo)題預(yù)測(cè)文體A.記敘文B.說(shuō)明文C.議論文預(yù)測(cè)文章結(jié)構(gòu)總->分總->分->總P1P2P3P4P5P6Task1Task2FourTipsforSafe30FourTipsforSafeOnlineShopping

WouldyouliketogoonlineshoppingonNov.11th?Youcangetsomerealbargains.However,onlineshoppingisindeedrisky.Alwaysgotopopularwebsites.Nevergotorandomsitesthatfeatureinsearchengineresults,oronesthatyouhaveneverheardofbefore.…Createapasswordforyouraccount....Makesureyouchangethepasswordonaregularbasis.Nevergiveawayyourpersonalinformation.Youwillhavetoprovidesomeinformationwhileshoppingonline,however,youneedtomakesurethatthisisjustthegeneralinformation,likeyournameorcontactnumber.Nevergiveoutconfidentialinformation,likeyourpassword,ononlineshoppingwebsites.Docheckbeforemakingthepurchase.Beforemakingthepurchase,ensurethefollowing:Knowwhoyouaredealingwith.Knowwhatyouarebuying.Checkthesize,color,valueandsafetyoftheproduct.Checkthecurrency,postageandothercharges.總分andimproveyourshoppingexperience.HerearefourtipstoconfirmFourTipsforSafeOnlineShop31如何分析語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析段落間的銜接和邏輯關(guān)系由面到點(diǎn)化繁為簡(jiǎn)考綱：“七選五主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握”BINGO分析句子間邏輯語(yǔ)義的連貫如何分析語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析段落間的銜接和邏輯關(guān)系由化考32語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)初體驗(yàn)語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)初體驗(yàn)33

Secretcodes(密碼)keepmessagesprivate.

Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.

36

Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.

37

Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”

38

Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber.Forexample,let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“13520135.”Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.

39

Forexample,“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”

40However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.P3密碼學(xué)分類P4密碼學(xué)分類P5密碼學(xué)分類Task

2Task

1分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，分析各段要義和關(guān)鍵詞觀察37、38、39空所在段落的結(jié)構(gòu)和句式特征語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)初體驗(yàn)-

2016年新課標(biāo)1卷七選五P1引入話題P2密碼學(xué)定義Secretcodes(密碼)keep34Task

3快速瀏覽，剔除不屬于創(chuàng)設(shè)密碼的方法的選項(xiàng)A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)初體驗(yàn)Task3快速瀏覽，剔除不屬于創(chuàng)設(shè)密碼的方法的選項(xiàng)A.I35

Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.

37Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”

38Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,Forexample,let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“13520135.”Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.

39Forexample,“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”…E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.FGETask

4根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)應(yīng)法選入正確選項(xiàng)，確保句子邏輯連貫語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)初體驗(yàn)Therearethreemaint36Anotherpassageiscoming…語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)分析實(shí)踐操練Anotherpassageiscoming…語(yǔ)篇結(jié)37Whenwewereyoung,weusedtorecordourdailylifebywritingin______________.adiarybookWhenwewereyoung,weusedto38Nowadays,weusuallyrecordourdailylifeby________.postingonWeChatNowadays,weusuallyrecordou39Whyaretheresomanypeoplekeepingajournal?Howdowebenefitfromkeepingajournal?Whyaretheresomanypeoplek40TheBenefitsofKeepingaJournalIfyouwanttogrow,oneimportantthingyoushoulddoiskeepingajournal.Itmayseemsimple,butitcanmakeabigdifferenceinyourlife.Ihavebeenkeepingjournalsforyears.WritingallthelessonsIlearnandalltheideasIgethasbecomeahabitforme.

36

Herearesomebenefitsyouwillgetbykeepingajournal.Itpreventsyoufromlosinganidea.Haveyouevergottenanideaonlytoloseitlaterbecauseyoudidn’twriteitdown?

37

ButthenIdevelopedthehabitofwritingdowneveryideathatcameintomymindassoonaspossible.IfI’mawayfrommycomputer,IusuallywriteitdownonapieceofpaperthatIbringwhereverIgo.Iwillthentransfertheideatothejournalinmycomputer.Ithelpsyoureviewallthelessonsyou’velearned.Byreviewingyourjournal,youcanquicklyseethelessonsyou’velearnedandtheideasyou’vegotten.

38

Youcanusetheideastopropel(鞭策)yourselfforward.

39

Afterkeepingajournalforyears,youcanlookbackatitandseehowfaryou’vegone.Thingsthatwerebigproblemsinthepastmightseemsmalltoday.Therawideasyouhadinthepastmighthavebeenrealizedtoday.Ithelpsyouexpandyourideas.Whenyoutrytocomeupwithasentencetoexpress…實(shí)踐操練–

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析TheBenefitsofKeepingaJour41A.Ioftenexperiencedthatmyself.B.Ittrainsyoutoexpressyourthoughts.C.Itallowsyoutoseeyourprogressovertime.D.Justusewhatevertoolyoufeelcomfortablewith.E.Thinkingactivelyhelpsyouconnectyourideatoanotheridea.F.Andtobehonest,Ican’timaginewhatmylifewouldbelikewithoutit.G.Thenyoucandowhatevernecessarytoavoidrepeatingthesamemistakes.Itpreventsyoufromlosinganidea.…Ithelpsyoureviewallthelessonsyou’velearned.…

39

Afterkeepingajournalforyears,youcanlookbackatitandseehowfaryou’vegone.Thingsthatwerebigproblemsinthepastmightseemsmalltoday.Therawideasyouhadinthepastmighthavebeenrealizedtoday.Ithelpsyouexpandyourideas.…

分析39空的選項(xiàng)并找出下文的呼應(yīng)Task

1觀察這幾個(gè)段落主題句的句式特征Task

2C實(shí)踐操練–段落分析A.Ioftenexperiencedthatmy42◆Ithelpsyoureviewallthelessonsyou’velearned.Byreviewingyourjournal,youcanquicklyseethelessonsyou’velearnedandtheideasyou’vegotten.

38

Youcanusetheideastopropel(鞭策)yourselfforward.Task

3觀察38空前后句的句式特征Task

4尋找38空前后互相對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞D.Justusewhatevertoolyoufeelcomfortablewith.E.Thinkingactivelyhelpsyouconnectyourideatoanotheridea.G.Thenyoucandowhatevernecessarytoavoidrepeatingthesamemistakes.對(duì)稱！G實(shí)踐操練–句子分析◆Ithelpsyoureviewa43實(shí)踐操練–小標(biāo)題分析Task

1根據(jù)已給的小標(biāo)題句式特征，尋找有可能的小標(biāo)題Trynottoisolateyourself

KeepyourbodyhealthyAvoidalcoholanddrugs40(小標(biāo)題)AskforhelpifyouarestressedEvenashortwalkcanbebeneficialTurntoyourparentsforhelpAsyougetoutintotheworld,youmayfindyourselffeelingbetterInshort,drinkingandtakingdrugswillmakeyoufeelworse–notbetter–inthelongtermThemoreexerciseyoudo,thehealthieryouwillbeHelpisavailableandyouhavemorepowerthanyouthinkGuideforTeenagers實(shí)踐操練–小標(biāo)題分析Task1根據(jù)已給的小標(biāo)題句式特征44課堂知識(shí)拓展&

GroupWork思考：234要點(diǎn)之間一定是同步的嗎？有沒(méi)有先后之分？Task

1將各步驟合理排序

Everyscientificfieldusesthescientificmethodtoconductexperiments.Performingexperimentsisveryimportantinthefieldofpsychology(心理學(xué)).Beforebeginningastudy,however,anyscientistwhowishestoperform