書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽中澳科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofasocialgroupintheUnitedStates.Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroups,oneormorepersonsmaygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformalprocessofselection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.

Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusualpersonalability,decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.

Furthermore,althoughitiscommonlysupposedthatsocialgroupshaveasingleleader,researchsuggeststhattherearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto“getthingsdone”.Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingofasocialgroup’smember.Expressiveleaderarelessconcernedwiththeoverallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotionalsupporttogroupmembersandattemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamongthem.Groupmembersexpectexpressiveleaderstomaintainstablerelationshipswithinthegroupandprovidesupporttoindividualmembers.

Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers.Theygiveordersandmaydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibitattainmentofthegroup’sgoals.Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup.Theyoffersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesorissubjectedtodiscipline,arequicktolightenaseriousmomentwithhumor,andtrytoresolveissuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.Asthedifferencesinthesetworolessuggest,expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyadistantrespect.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingwaysbywhichpeoplecanbecomeleadersEXCEPT___.

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphabout“naturalleaders”?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutleadershipcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

5.Paragraphs3and4organizethediscussionofleadershipprimarilyintermof___.

問題1選項

A.Theproblemsfacedbyleaders.

B.Howleadershipdiffersinsmallandlargegroups.

C.Howsocialgroupsdeterminewhowillleadthem.

D.Theroleofleadersinsocialgroups.

問題2選項

A.recruitment

B.formalelectionprocess

C.specificleadershiptraining

D.traditionalculturalpatterns

問題3選項

A.Fewpeoplequalifyas“naturalleaders”.

B.Thereisnoproofthat“naturalleaders”exist.

C.“Naturalleaders”areeasilyacceptedbythemembersofasocialgroup.

D.“Naturalleaders”shareasimilarsetofcharacteristics.

問題4選項

A.Apersonwhoisaneffectiveleaderofaparticulargroupmaynotbeaneffectiveleaderinanothergroup.

B.Fewpeoplesucceedinsharingaleadershiprolewithanotherperson.

C.Apersoncanbestlearnhowtobeaneffectiveleaderbystudyingresearchonleadership.

D.Mostpeopledesiretobeleadersbutcanproducelittleevidenceoftheirqualifications.

問題5選項

A.examplesthatillustrateaproblem

B.causeandeffectanalysis

C.narrationofevents

D.comparisonandcontrast

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出有幾種不同的方法可以使人成為某個社會群體公認(rèn)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，第二段只要具有適合某個特別群體所需要的品質(zhì)，幾乎任何人都可以成為其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，第三段表明不同的人會充當(dāng)兩種不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色，最后一段說明不同類型的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色發(fā)揮的不同作用。本篇主要討論不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者——例如instrumentalleaders以及expressiveleaders——在不同的社會群體中所充當(dāng)?shù)慕巧桶l(fā)揮的功能。選D選項“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在社會群體中的作用”；A選項“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者面臨的問題”，B選項“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力在小群體和大群體中的區(qū)別”以及C選項“社會群體如何決定誰將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)他們”不符合原文主旨。因此D選項正確。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents…Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.（在家庭中，傳統(tǒng)的文化模式賦予父母一方或雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位……在較大的群體中，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人通常是通過選舉或招聘正式選出的）可知A選項“招聘”，B選項“正式選舉程序”以及D選項“傳統(tǒng)文化模式”符合原文；C選項“具體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力培訓(xùn)”原文未提及。因此C選項符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“naturalleaders”定位到第二段decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.（數(shù)十年的研究未能找出可靠的證據(jù)來證明那些人是“天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”。看起來似乎沒有所有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都具有的固定的個人品格；相反，只要具有適合某個特別群體所需要的品質(zhì)，幾乎任何人都可以成為其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)）可知選B選項“沒有證據(jù)表明‘天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者’存在”；A選項“很少有人稱得上是‘天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者’”，C選項“‘天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者’很容易被一個社會群體的成員所接受”未在第二段提及；D選項“‘天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者’有一組相似的特征”和原文相悖。因此B選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.（看起來似乎沒有所有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都具有的固定的個人品格；相反，只要具有適合某個特別群體所需要的品質(zhì)，幾乎任何人都可以成為其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)）可知適合某個特別群體所需要的品質(zhì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不一定會適合另外某個群體，選A選項“看起來似乎沒有所有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都具有的固定的個人品格；相反，只要具有適合某個特別群體所需要的品質(zhì)，幾乎任何人都可以成為其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”；B選項“很少有人成功地與他人分享領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色”，C選項“一個人可以通過研究領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力最好地學(xué)習(xí)如何成為一個有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”以及D選項“大多數(shù)人都想成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，但很少能拿出證據(jù)證明他們的資格”未在第二段提及。因此A選項正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段therearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup…Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingofasocialgroup’smember.（通常情況下，不同的個體擁有兩種不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色。工具性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)社會群體完成任務(wù)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式……另一方面，表現(xiàn)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)社會群體成員的集體福祉）以及第四段Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers…Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup…Asthedifferencesinthesetworolessuggest,expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyadistantrespect.（工具型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者與其他群體成員的關(guān)系可能是次要的……表現(xiàn)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者會與團(tuán)隊中的其他人建立一種更私人或更重要的關(guān)系……正如這兩種不同角色所表明的那樣：表現(xiàn)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一般會從群體成員那里獲得更多的個人感情；而指導(dǎo)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，如果他們能成功地實現(xiàn)群體的目標(biāo)，可能會獲得更廣泛的尊重）可知這兩段是通過對比來表達(dá)不同群體會擁有兩種不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色，選D選項“對比”；A選項“舉例說明一個問題”，B選項“原因和影響分析”以及C選項“事件的敘述”都不符合原文。因此D選項正確。

2.單選題

Cancercellshideamonghealthycellstoconcealtheir（

）proteins.

問題1選項

A.abundant

B.malignant

C.equivalent

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.abundant豐富的；充裕的B.malignant惡性的；有害的

C.equivalent相等的；等價的D.prevalent普遍的；流行的

【答案】B

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】癌細(xì)胞隱藏在健康細(xì)胞中以隱藏……蛋白質(zhì)。根據(jù)邏輯，癌細(xì)胞是隱藏有害的、已經(jīng)惡性的蛋白質(zhì)。所以B選項“惡性的；有害的”符合邏輯。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項均不符合邏輯。

【句意】癌細(xì)胞隱藏在健康細(xì)胞中，以隱藏它們的惡性蛋白質(zhì)。

3.單選題

（

）thecaraccident,theywouldhavearrivedearlier.

問題1選項

A.Exceptfor

B.Butfor

C.Besides

D.Savefor

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。exceptfor除了……以外；butfor要不是……；besides此外，而且；savefor保存為，除……之外。句意：要不是那場車禍，他們可能早就到了。由下文theywouldhavearrivedearlier可知該句表示的是與過去事實相反的虛擬。butfor+n/pron，用于虛擬語氣。故答案B

4.單選題

Hipreplacementsurgeryis（）jointreplacementsurgeryintheU.S.

問題1選項

A.thesinglemostfrequent

B.themostsinglefrequent

C.thesinglefrequent

D.asinglefrequent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞排序。按照形容詞最高級用法，themost排在最前面，single表示種類，frequent表示頻率，處于常規(guī)形容詞排序之外，因此B選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Undercertaincircumstances,thehumanbodymustcopewithgasesatgreater-than-nonnalatmosphericpressure.Forexample,gaspressuresincreaserapidlyduringadivemadewithscubagearbecausethebreathingequipmentallowsdiverstostayunderwaterlongeranddivedeeper.Thepressureexertedonthehumanbodyincreasesby1atmosphereforevery10metersofdepthinseawater,sothatat30metersinseawateradiverisexposedtoapressureofabout4atmospheres.Thepressureofthegasesbeingbreathedmustequaltheexternalpressureappliedtothebody;otherwisebreathingisverydifficult.Thereforeallofthegasesintheairbreathedbyascubadiverat40metersarepresentatfivetimestheirusualpressure.Nitrogen,whichcomposes80percentoftheairwebreathe,usuallycausesabalmyfeelingofwell-beingatthispressure.Atadepthof5atmospheres,nitrogencausessymptomsresemblingalcoholintoxication,knownasnitrogennarcosis.Nitrogennarcosisapparentlyresultsfromadirecteffectonthebrainofthelargeamountsofnitrogendissolvedintheblood.Deepdivesarelessdangerousifheliumissubstitutedfornitrogen,becauseunderthesepressuresheliumdoesnotexertasimilarnarcoticeffect.

Asascubadiverdescends,thepressureofnitrogeninthelungsincreases.Nitrogenthendiffusesfromthelungstotheblood,andfromthebloodtobodytissues.Thereverseoccurswhenthediversurfaces;thenitrogenpressureinthelungsfallsandthenitrogendiffusesfromthetissuesintotheblood,andfromthebloodintothelungs.Ifthereturntothesurfaceistoorapid,nitrogeninthetissuesandbloodcannotdiffuseoutrapidlyenoughandnitrogenbubblesareformed.Theycancauseseverepains,particularlyaroundthejoints.

Anothercomplicationmayresultifthebreathisheldduringascent.Duringascentfromadepthof10meters,thevolumeofairinthelungswilldoublebecausetheairpressureatthesurfaceisonlyhalfofwhatitwasat10meters.Thischangeinvolumemaycausethelungstodistendandevenrupture.Thisconditioniscalledairembolism.Toavoidthisevent,adivermustascendslowly,neveratarateexceedingtheriseoftheexhaledairbubbles,andmustexhaleduringascent.

1.Thewords“exposedto”inline5areclosestinmeaningto（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingpresentsthegreatestdangertoadiver?

3.Whatshouldadiverdowhenascending?

問題1選項

A.leavingbehind

B.propelledby

C.preparedfor

D.subjectedto

問題2選項

A.Pressurizedhelium.

B.Nitrogenbubbles.

C.Nitrogendiffusion.

D.Anairembolism.

問題3選項

A.Riseslowly.

B.Relaxcompletely.

C.Breathefaster.

D.Breathehelium

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】1.詞義題A項“留下”；B項被······推動；C項“為······做準(zhǔn)備”；D項“遭受，承受”。定位到第一段中的“Thepressureexertedonthehumanbodyincreasesby1atmosphereforevery10metersofdepthinseawater,sothatat30metersinseawateradiverisexposedtoapressureofabout4atmospheres.人體在海水中所受的壓力每增加10米，就增加1個大氣壓，因此潛水員在30米的海水中所受的壓力約為4個大氣壓。由exertedon施加可推斷exposedto為“遭受、暴露于······的環(huán)境中”的意思。

2.判斷推理題。A項“加壓氦氣”；B項“氮擴(kuò)散”；C項“氮氣泡”；D項“空氣栓塞”。定位最后一段中“Thischangeinvolumemaycausethelungstodistendandevenrupture.Thisconditioniscalledairembolism.這個體積的變化可能導(dǎo)致肺部擴(kuò)張，甚至破裂。這種情況稱為空氣栓塞。”可知D項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由最后一段中“Toavoidthisevent,adivermustascendslowly,neveratarateexceedingtheriseoftheexhaledairbubbles,andmustexhaleduringascent.為了避免這種情況，潛水者必須緩慢上升，速度不能超過呼出的氣泡的上升速度，并且在上升過程中必須呼氣。”可知A項正確。

6.單選題

13.

問題1選項

A.Youmayfindmanyofthemonthebookseller’shelves.

B.Youcanbuyitfromalmosteverybookstore.

C.It’saverypopularmagazine.

D.Itdoesn’tsellverywell.

【答案】C

【解析】M:HaveyouheardofthemagazineTheWorldofEnglish?

W:Ofcourse.ItisoneofmanyEnglishmagazinesthatarenowflyingoffbooksellershelves.

Q:WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutTheWorldofEnglish?

【解析】固定詞組。女士說：ItisoneofmanyEnglishmagazinesthatarenowflyingoffbooksellershelves，即WorldofEnglish是熱銷英語雜志之一。

7.單選題

（

）isknowntotheworld,MarkTwinisagreatAmericanwriter.

問題1選項

A.That

B.Which

C.As

D.It

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。Asisknownto…“眾所周知”。句意：眾所周知，馬克吐溫是一位偉大的美國作家。故C項正確。

8.單選題

Intheeighteenthcentury,Japan’sfeudaloverlords,fromtheshoguntothehumblestsamurai,foundthemselvesunderfinancialstress.Inpart,thisstresscanbeattributedtotheoverlords’failuretoadjusttoarapidlyexpandingeconomy,butthestresswasalsoduetofactorsbeyondtheoverlords’control.Concentrationofthesamuraiincastle-townshadactedasastimulustotrade.Commercialefficiency,inturn,hadputtemptationsinthewayofbuyers.Sincemostsamuraihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengageinscholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,itisnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.Overlords’income,despitetheincreaseinriceproductionamongtheirtenantfarmers,failedtokeeppacewiththeirexpenses.Althoughshortfallsinoverlords’incomeresultedalmostasmuchfromlaxityamongtheirtaxcollectors(thenearlyinevitableoutcomeofhereditaryoffice-holding)asfromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringinganincreaseinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputadomainindebttothecityrice-brokerswhohandleditsfinances.Onceindebt,neithertheindividualsamurainortheshogunhimselffounditeasytorecover.

Itwasdifficultforindividualsamuraioverlordstoincreasetheirincomebecausetheamountofricethatfarmerscouldbemadetopayintaxeswasnotunlimited,andsincetheincomeofJapan’scentralgovernmentconsistedinpartoftaxescollectedbytheshogunfromhishugedomain,thegovernmenttoowasconstrained.Therefore,theTokugawashogunsbegantolooktoothersourcesforrevenue.Cashprofitsfromgovernment-ownedmineswerealreadyonthedeclinebecausethemosteasilyworkeddepositsofsilverandgoldhadbeenexhausted,althoughdebasementofthecoinagehadcompensatedfortheloss.Openingupnewfarmlandwasapossibility,butmostofwhatwassuitablehadalreadybeenexploitedandfurtherreclamationwastechnicallyunfeasible.Directtaxationofthesamuraithemselveswouldbepoliticallydangerous.Thislefttheshogunsonlycommerceasapotentialsourceofgovernmentincome.

Mostofthecountry’swealth,orsoitseemed,wasfindingitswayintothehandsofcitymerchants.Itappearedreasonablethattheyshouldcontributepartofthatrevenuetoeasetheshogun’sburdenoffinancingthestate.Ameansofobtainingsuchrevenuewassoonfoundbylevyingforcedloans,knownasgoyo-kin;althoughthesewerenottaxesinthestrictsense,sincetheywereirregularintimingandarbitraryinamount,theywerehighinyield.Unfortunately,theypushedupprices.Thus,regrettably,theTokugawashoguns，searchforsolvencyforthegovernmentmadeitincreasinglydifficultforindividualJapanesewholivedonfixedstipendstomakeendsmeet.

31.Thepassageismostprobablyanexcerptfrom（）.

32.WhichofthefollowingfinancialsituationsismostanalogoustothefinancialsituationinwhichJapan’sTokugawashogunsfoundthemselvesintheeighteenthcentury?

33.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardthesamuraidiscussedinSentence5,Paragraph1?

34.Thepassagesuggeststhat,ineighteenth-centuryJapan,theofficeoftaxcollector（）.

35.ThepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwastheprimaryreasonwhytheTokugawashogunsturnedtocitymerchantsforhelpinfinancingthestate?

問題1選項

A.aneconomichistoryofJapan

B.thememoirsofasamuraiwarrior

C.amodernnovelabouteighteenth-centuryJapan

D.anessaycontrastingJapanesefeudalismwithitsWesterncounterpart

問題2選項

A.Asmallbusinessborrowsheavilytoinvestinnewequipment,butisabletopayoffitsdebtearlywhenitisawardedalucrativegovernmentcontract.

B.Firedestroysasmallbusiness,butinsurancecoversthecostofrebuilding.

C.Asmallbusinessisturneddownforaloanatalocalbankbecausetheownershavenocredithistory.

D.Asmallbusinesshastostruggletomeetoperatingexpenseswhenitsprofitsdecrease.

問題3選項

A.Warmlyapproving.

B.Mildlysympathetic.

C.Bitterlydisappointed.

D.Harshlydisdainful.

問題4選項

A.wasasourceofpersonalprofittotheofficeholder

B.wasregardedwithderisionbymanyJapanese

C.remainedwithinfamilies

D.existedonlyincastle-towns

問題5選項

A.Aseriesofcostlywarshaddepletedthenationaltreasury.

B.Mostofthecountry’swealthappearedtobeincitymerchants’hands.

C.Japanhadsufferedaseriesofeconomicreversalsduetonaturaldisasterssuchasfloods.

D.Themerchantswerealreadyheavilyindebtedtotheshoguns.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】31.推理題。題干中的excerpt一詞的意思為“摘錄”。瀏覽全文后發(fā)現(xiàn)本文主題句為第一段第一句。Intheeighteenthcentury,Japan’sfeudaloverlords,fromtheshoguntothehumblestsamurai,foundthemselvesunderfinancialstress.（在18世紀(jì)，日本的封建領(lǐng)主，從幕府將軍到最卑微的武士，都發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于財政壓力之下。）從而得出本題答案。

32.

細(xì)節(jié)類比題。文章第一段第5-7句。Sincemostsamuraihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengageinscholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,itisnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.Overlords’income,despitetheincreaseinriceproductionamongtheirtenantfarmers,failedtokeeppacewiththeirexpenses.Althoughshortfallsinoverlords’incomeresultedalmostasmuchfromlaxityamongtheirtaxcollectors(thenearlyinevitableoutcomeofhereditaryoffice-holding)asfromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringinganincreaseinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputadomainindebttothecityrice-brokerswhohandleditsfinances.給出了18世紀(jì)的financialsituations有三方面的原因：samurai（武士）問題，收入增加跟不上支出的增加和災(zāi)難。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞Tokugawa定位到文章第二、第三段。從而得出本題答案。

33.

觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干，將信息點定位到第一段第五句。Sincemostsamuraihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengageinscholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,itisnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.（由于多年的和平生活使大多數(shù)武士變得懶惰，他們被鼓勵從事學(xué)術(shù)和軍事訓(xùn)練，或從事不需要多少時間的行政工作，因此他們的品味和習(xí)慣變得昂貴也就不足為奇了。）根據(jù)第五句句子后半部分的“itisnotsurprising...”表明作者的態(tài)度是略帶同情的正向評價。從而得出本題答案。

34.

細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞taxcollector，將信息點定位到文章第一段第七句。“Althoughshortfallsinoverlords’incomeresultedalmostasmuchfromlaxityamongtheirtaxcollectors(thenearlyinevitableoutcomeofhereditaryoffice-holding)asfromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringinganincreaseinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputadomainindebttothecityrice-brokerswhohandleditsfinances.（盡管領(lǐng)主收入的減少幾乎和他們生活水平的提高一樣多的是由于他們的稅務(wù)人員的疏忽（世襲官職的幾乎不可避免的結(jié)果），但一場火災(zāi)或洪水這樣的災(zāi)難，帶來的開支的增加或收入的下降，可能會使處理財政的城市大米經(jīng)紀(jì)人欠下一筆債務(wù)）”從而得出本題答案。

35.

事實推理題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞citymerchants，將信息點定位到文章最后一段第一句。Mostofthecountry’swealth,orsoitseemed,wasfindingitswayintothehandsofcitymerchants.（這個國家的大部分財富，或者說看起來，正在流入城市商人的手中。）從而得出本題答案。

9.單選題

SpecialistMusicSchoolsHowtocopewithachildwhoshowsoutstandingmusicalability?It'snotalwaysclearhowbesttodevelopandencouragetheirgift.Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.Suchchildren—aswellasthosewhoseabilityisactivelyencouragedbyparentsorteachers—maywellbenefitfromtheeducationofferedbyaspecialistmusicschool.

ThefivemusicschoolsinBritainarearelativelyrecentintroduction.Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.

Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.Theyalsospendseveralhoursadaypracticinginproperlyequippedprivaterooms,sometimeswithateacher.Therestoftheirtimeistakenupwitharestrictedacademicprogram,whichtendstoconcentrateontheessentialsubjects—English,math,basicsciencesandlanguages—?althoughprovisioncanbemadeforstudentswhowishtostudyawiderrangeofsubjects.AllfiveBritishspecialistschoolsareindependent,classesaresmallbynormalschoolstandards,withahighteacher/pupilratio.Mostchildrenattendingspecialistschoolstendtobeboarders,leavinghometolive,eatandsleepfull-timeatschool.Thismeanstheyspendtheirformativeyearsinthecompanyofotherswithsimilaraimsandinterests.

Whatarethedisadvantages?Anobviousproblemisthecost,thefeesarehigh(￡12,000?￡17,000ayearforboarders).However,eachschoolwillmakeeveryeffortwithscholarshipsandotherformsoffinancialassistance,tohelpparentsofoutstandinglygiftedchildrentofindthenecessaryfees.Secondly,notallparentswanttosendtheirchildrentoboardingschool,speciallyataveryearlyage.Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.Theystress,however,thattheirmainaimistoturnout‘roundedandwell-balancedindividuals’.

1.Ifachild'smusicalabilityisnotrecognized___.

2.Whatproblemmaymusicallygiftedchildrenfaceinordinaryschools?

3.Whatmakesspecialistmusicschoolsdifferentfromotherschools?

4.Whatdomostschooldirectorsseeasapossibledisadvantageforpupils?

5.Theunderlinedword‘sympathetic’inparagraphtwomeans___.

問題1選項

A.theabilitymayfadeaway

B.thechildmaymisbehave

C.theparentsmaybecomeanxious

D.thechildmayloseinterest

問題2選項

A.Musicisnotseenasanimportantsubject

B.Theiracademicworkmaysuffer

C.Schoolslackmusicalequipment

D.Parentsandteachersdonotworktogether

問題3選項

A.Thechildrenhavemostlyone-to-onelessons

B.Theirworkingdayislonger

C.Morethanhalfthedayisspentonmusic

D.Arangeofmusicaltrainingisoffered

問題4選項

A.Theymaynotbematureenoughonarrival

B.Poorchildrenmaybeexcluded

C.Theremaybeadisciplineproblem

D.Theymaylosetheirindividuality

問題5選項

A.pity-showing

B.appreciating

C.understandable

D.beneficial

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.”中文翻譯為：許多父母甚至沒有意識到并回應(yīng)孩子的需求，直到挫折感爆發(fā)成困難或不合作的行為。可以得知B選項“孩子可能會行為不端”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“inordinaryschools”可以定位到原文第一段“Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.”中文翻譯為：雖然大多數(shù)學(xué)校都有能力培養(yǎng)在學(xué)科方面特別有能力的孩子，但是音樂天才需要特殊的理解力，這在普通學(xué)校是不可能做到的，尤其是在音樂被視為次要活動的學(xué)校里。因此可知A選項“音樂不被視為一門重要的學(xué)科”為正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.”中文翻譯為：個人課程（每周最多三個小時學(xué)習(xí)第一和第二樂器）、管弦樂、室內(nèi)樂團(tuán)、聲音訓(xùn)練、指揮和理論。可知C選項“半天以上的時間都花在了音樂上。”錯誤，以及D選項“提供一系列的音樂培訓(xùn)”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“schooldirectors”可以定位到文章最后一段“Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.”中文翻譯為：幾乎所有專業(yè)學(xué)校的負(fù)責(zé)人都對讓7歲大的孩子進(jìn)入如此緊張、紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明的環(huán)境的做法表示懷疑。故選A“他們可能在到達(dá)（學(xué)校）時還不夠成熟。”

5.詞匯題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“sympathetic”可以定位到根據(jù)文章第二段“Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.”中文翻譯為：他們的目標(biāo)是提供一個富有同情心的環(huán)境，讓7-18歲的超常兒童在專業(yè)音樂家的指導(dǎo)下充分發(fā)展他們的技能。sympathetic意為“富有同情心的”，判斷出答案為A項。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

10.單選題

TheBuddhistreligiondevelopedfromtheteachingsofShakyamuniBuddha,wholivedfromabout563to483BCEinthepresent-dayregionsofNepalandcentralIndia.Athisbirth,itisbelieved,seersforetoldthattheinfantprince,namedSiddharthaGautama,wouldbecomeeitherachakravartin—a“world-conqueringruler”—oraBuddha—a"fullyenlightenedbeing”.Hopingforarulerlikehimself,Siddhartha’sfathertriedtosurroundhissonwithpleasureandshieldhimfrompain.Yettheprincewaseventuallyexposedtothesufferingofoldage,sickness,anddeath—theinevitablefateofallmortalbeings.Deeplytroubledbythehumancondition,Siddharthaatagetwenty-nineleftthepalace,hisfamily,andhisinheritancetoliveasanasceticinthewilderness.Aftersixyearsofmeditation,heattainedcompleteenlightenmentnearBodhGaya,India.

Followinghisenlightenment,theBuddha(EnlightenmentOne)gavehisfirstteachingintheDeerParkatSamath.HereheexpoundedtheFourNobleTruths,whicharethefoundationofBuddhism:(1)lifeissuffering;(2)thissufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;(3)thisignorancecanbeovercomeandextinguished;(4)thewaytoovercomethisignoranceisbyfollowingtheeightfoldpathofrightview,rightresolve,rightspeech,rightaction,rightlivelihood,righteffort,rightmindfulness,andrightconcentration.AftertheBuddha’sdeathattheageofeighty,hismanydisciplesdevelopedhisteachingsandestablishedtheworld’soldestmonasticinstitutions.

ABuddhaisnotagodbutratheronewhoseestheultimatenatureoftheworldandisthereforenolongersubjecttosamsara,thecycleofbirth,deathandrebirththatotherwiseholdsusinitsgrip,whetherwearebornintotheworldofthegods,humans,animals,torturedspirits,orhellbeings.

TheearlyformofBuddhismknownasTheravadaorHinayana,stressesself-cultivationforthepurposeofattainingnirvana,whichistheextinctionofsamsaraforoneself.TheravadaBuddhismhascontinuedinsouthIndia,SriLanka,andSoutheastAsia.Within500yearsoftheBuddha’sdeath,anotherformofBuddhism,knownasMahayana,becamepopularmainlyinnorthernIndia;iteventuallyflourishedinChina(asChanandVajrayana),andinKorea,Japan(asZen).CompassionforallbeingsisthefoundationofMahayanaBuddhism,whosegoalisnotnirvanaforoneselfbutBuddhahood(Enlightenment)foreverybeingthroughouttheuniverse.MahayanaBuddhis