書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京師范大學(xué)中北學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Herknowledgeandexperiencewouldmakehera(n)（）assettotheteam.

問題1選項

A.worthless

B.priceless

C.valueless

D.inexpensive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。worthless“不值錢的，無價值的”；priceless“無價的，極貴重的”；valueless“無價值的，微不足道的”；inexpensive“便宜的”。句意：她的學(xué)識和經(jīng)驗將成為團隊無價的資產(chǎn)。選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

England’steam,whoarenowsuperblyfitwillbedoingtheirbestnextweekto（）themselvesforlastyear’sdefeat.

問題1選項

A.revive

B.retort

C.revenge

D.remedy

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。revive“復(fù)興，蘇醒”；retort“反駁，回嘴”；revenge“復(fù)仇”；remedy“補救，治療”。句意：英格蘭隊現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)非常好，下周他們將竭盡全力為去年的失利復(fù)仇。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heasksthecrowdassembledintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”,forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods,forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.Thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinaudio,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalledsubhasta,meaning“underthespear”,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,goodswereoftensold“bythecandle”:ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer,andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.

Practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruitandvegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.Theauction-roomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworld-famous.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbyprospectivebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“l(fā)ot”,isusuallygivenanumber.TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder;hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer’sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebiddingashighaspossible.

1.Whyistheendofthebiddingcalled“knockingdown”?

2.TheRomansusedtosellbyauction（）.

3.Acandleusedtoburnatauctionsales（）.

4.Theauctioneermaydecidetosellthe“l(fā)ots”outoftheorderbecause（）.

問題1選項

A.Becausetheauctioneerknocksthebuyerdown.

B.Becausetheauctioneerknockstherostrumdown.

C.Becausethegoodsareknockeddownontothetable.

D.Becausetheauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer.

問題2選項

A.spoiltgoods

B.oldworn-outweapons

C.propertytakenfromtheenemy

D.spears

問題3選項

A.becausetheytookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogather

C.tokeeptheauctioneerwarm

D.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemade

問題4選項

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyers

B.heknowsfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitems

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaiting

D.hewantstoreducethenumberofbuyers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.Whyistheendofthebiddingcalled“knockingdown”?1.為什么拍賣結(jié)束被稱為“knockingdown”？

A.Becausetheauctioneerknocksthebuyerdown.A.因為拍賣師會把買家擊倒。

B.Becausetheauctioneerknockstherostrumdown.B.因為拍賣人會把桌子砸倒。

C.Becausethegoodsareknockeddownontothetable.C.因為貨物被撞到桌子上了。

D.Becausetheauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer.D.因為拍賣人用錘子敲桌子。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞knockingdown定位至第一段倒數(shù)第二句“這就是所謂的‘knockingdown’商品，因為當拍賣師用小錘子敲打他面前的桌子時，競價就結(jié)束了”，可知，拍賣結(jié)束被稱為knockingdown是因為拍賣結(jié)束時拍賣師會用小錘子敲打他面前的桌子，D項正確。

【干擾項排除】A項“因為拍賣師會把買家擊倒”、B項“因為拍賣人會把桌子砸倒”和C項“因為貨物被撞到桌子上了”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項屬于曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.TheRomansusedtosellbyauction______.2.羅馬人過去通過拍賣來出售______。

A.spoiltgoodsA.損壞的貨物

B.oldworn-outweaponsB.老舊武器

C.propertytakenfromtheenemyC.從敵人手中奪取的戰(zhàn)利品

D.spearsD.矛

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第二句“羅馬人通常以這種方式出售他們在戰(zhàn)爭中獲得的戰(zhàn)利品（thespoilstakeninwar）”，可知，羅馬人過去通過拍賣來出售戰(zhàn)爭中獲得的戰(zhàn)利品，C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“損壞的貨物”和B項“老舊武器”原文沒有提及，無中生有；

D項“矛”是人群聚集的信號，不是拍賣的物品，屬于張冠李戴。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.Acandleusedtoburnatauctionsales______.3.在拍賣會上，人們點著蠟燭，______。

A.becausetheytookplaceatnightA.因為拍賣是在晚上進行的

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogatherB.作為群眾聚集的信號

C.tokeeptheauctioneerwarmC.為了給拍賣師保暖

D.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemadeD.限制提出報價的時間

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段最后一句“在18世紀和19世紀的英國，商品通常是‘通過蠟燭’出售的：拍賣師點燃一支短蠟燭，然后在蠟燭點著的時候出價”，可知，在拍賣會中人們點上蠟燭，然后在它燃著的時候出價，也就是說，蠟燭熄滅，報價就停止了。說明蠟燭是用來限制報價的時間的。D項符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“因為拍賣是在晚上進行的”和C項“為了給拍賣師保暖”在文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B項“作為群眾聚集的信號”，根據(jù)第二段第二句“……一根矛被插在地上，作為人群聚集的信號”可知，矛才是群眾聚集的信號，該項張冠李戴。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Theauctioneermaydecidetosellthe“l(fā)ots”outoftheorderbecause______.4.拍賣人可能會決定出售這些“拍品”，因為______。

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyersA.他有時想迷惑買家

B.heknowsfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitemsB.根據(jù)他的經(jīng)驗，他知道某些人會想買某些東西

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaitingC.他想讓某些人久等

D.hewantstoreducethenumberofbuyersD.他想減少買家的數(shù)量

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】第一段第三句提到“拍賣人不需要從第一件拍品開始，然后按數(shù)字順序繼續(xù)；他可能會一直等著直到他登記的某些經(jīng)銷商到達房間之后，才會出示他們可能感興趣的物品”，這也就是說，拍賣人拍賣物品是根據(jù)經(jīng)銷商對物品的感興趣程度來的，B項“根據(jù)他的經(jīng)驗，他知道某些人會想買某些東西”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】A項“他有時想迷惑買家”、C項“他想讓某些人久等”和D項“他想減少買家的數(shù)量”在原文沒有依據(jù)，屬于無中生有。

4.單選題

Remembertoaskfora（

）ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.

問題1選項

A.warranty

B.promise

C.certificate

D.receipt

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項warranty“保證，擔(dān)保”；B選項promise“許諾，允諾”；C選項certificate“證書”；D選項receipt“收據(jù)”。

句意：記住要對這些貨物要求質(zhì)量保證；否則他們將不提供任何維修。選項A符合語境。

5.單選題

Plasticsarelighterandmore____resistantthanmetal,buttheyarenotusuallystrong.

問題1選項

A.contraction

B.collision

C.corrosion

D.corruption

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.contraction收縮；縮小B.collision碰撞；沖突

C.corrosion腐蝕；侵蝕D.corruption腐敗；墮落

【答案】C

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：塑料比金屬更輕，更耐……，但它們通常不堅固。由常識可知大部分塑料的抗腐蝕能力強，因此選C選項。

【干擾項排除】

A選項contraction“收縮；縮小”，根據(jù)常識可知塑料遇熱易收縮，不符合句意。

B選項collision“碰撞；沖突”，主要指碰撞（或相撞）事故，不符合句意。

D選項corruption“腐敗；墮落”不符合句意。

【句意】塑料比金屬更輕，更耐腐蝕，但通常不堅固。

6.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(46)TheUKisamongninecountrieslobbyingBrusselstoeaseproposedrulesondataprotection—inamovethatwillcomeasarelieftoUStechnologycompaniesincludingGoogleandFacebookwhichhavebeenincreasinglyconcernedaboutpotentialeffectsontheirbusiness.

TheUSgovernmenthasalsolobbiedtheEuropeancommissionnottotoughentherules,arguingthatitwouldspecificallyhinderAmericancompaniesthroughitsproposedswingeingfinesfordatabreaches,whichcouldhavebeenupto2%ofglobalturnover.

TheUK’sInformationCommissioner’sOfficeissuggestingthatindividualcountriesshouldbegivenmoreleewaytointerpretthelawasappropriate,usinga“risk-based”approach.“Ifyouhaveabutcherwhosedataprocessingonlyaffects20localpeople,youneedtobeabletotreataninfringementtheredifferentlyfromacompanywithprivatehealthrecords,”saidaspokespersonfortheICO.OthercountriesincludingGermany,SwedenandBelgiumhavemadesimilarobjections.

TheEChadplannedtohaveatimetableforthenewrulesbyJune.(47)Howeveritcouldtakeyearsbeforetherulesarefinalizedandimplemented.

(48)TheEC’saimistocreateaunifiedsetofprivacystandardsforall27countriesintheEU,andironoutnationalvariationsthathaveledtosomeconfusion.Theywouldalsomakeiteasierforcompanieswhoseprincipalfocusisprocessingdatatooperate—forexamplebydroppingtherequirementforanameddataprotectionofficer.

TheFTreportsthatamemodraftedbytheIrishpresidency,representingEUcountries,admitsthat“severalmemberstateshavevoicedtheirdisagreementwiththelevelofprescriptivenessofanumberoftheproposedobligationsinthedraftregulation.”

Oneofthemostcontroversialideasbeingputforwardisa“righttobeforgotten”,proposedbytheECjusticecommissioner,VivianeReding.(49)SheunveiledtheideainJanuary2012,suggestedthatpeopleshouldbeabletodemandthatdataaboutthemisdeletedfromcompanies’datastoresunlesstherewere“l(fā)egitimate”groundstoretainit.

(50)Googleinparticularhaslobbiedfiercelyagainstthatidea,onthebasisthatitwoulddisruptitsstoresofdataandcreateholesinwhatisineffectahistoricalrecord.Reding’steamarguedthatitwasnecessaryinordertoletteenagersandyoungadultscontrolhowtheywouldbeviewedastheymatured—sothatembarrassingactsthatwouldneverhavebeenheardaboutbeforetheinternetwouldnotbecomewidelyknownandineffectstaywiththemthroughtheirlives.

Butthedeletionrequestswouldnothaveappliedtomedicalorpolicerecords.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.英國是游說歐盟放松擬議數(shù)據(jù)保護規(guī)則的9個國家之一。此舉將讓日益擔(dān)心其業(yè)務(wù)受到潛在影響的谷歌和社交網(wǎng)站“臉書”等美國科技公司松一口氣，因為這些公司一直都擔(dān)心它們的業(yè)務(wù)可能受到影響。

47.然而，這些規(guī)則的最終確定和實施可能需要數(shù)年時間。

48.歐盟的目標是為歐盟所有27個成員國建立一套統(tǒng)一的隱私標準，消除導(dǎo)致混亂的國家差異。

49.她在2012年1月公布了這一想法，她建議除非有合法理由保留這些數(shù)據(jù)，否則人們應(yīng)該有能力要求公司在數(shù)據(jù)存儲中刪除關(guān)于他們的數(shù)據(jù)。

50.谷歌公司尤其對這個想法進行了激烈的游說反對，因為它會破壞它的數(shù)據(jù)存儲并在歷史記錄中產(chǎn)生漏洞。

7.單選題

Theladywhohas（）foranightinthedeadofthewinterlaterturnedouttobeadistantrelationofhis.

問題1選項

A.puthimin

B.puthimout

C.puthimon

D.puthimup

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語搭配。putsb.in，一般不單獨使用;putsb.out“使某人不高興”；putsb.on,一般不單獨使用；putsb.up“給某人提供食宿”。根據(jù)空格處后面的foranight可知只有選項D符合題意，“給他提供食宿的女士”。

8.單選題

Helenwroteabookabouthowherfather（）cancerbeforehesuccumbedtoit.

問題1選項

A.contendedfor

B.compliedwith

C.recoveredfrom

D.foughtagainst

【答案】D

【解析】句意:海倫寫了一本有關(guān)她的父親在死于癌癥之前如何與其作斗爭的書。

考查短語辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)短語的過去式。contendfor爭奪；complywith照做，遵守；recoverfrom復(fù)原，從…重新獲得；fightagainst對抗，反對，與……作斗爭。因此D符合句意。

9.單選題

Thesecretarydidn’tknowwhohewas,orshe（）himmorepolitely.

問題1選項

A.willbetreating

B.wouldhavetreated

C.wastreating

D.wouldhavebeentreated

【答案】B

【解析】句子是對過去發(fā)生的事進行推測，所以應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，首先排除選項A和C；根據(jù)句意可知，主語是she，是動作的執(zhí)行者，所以為主動語態(tài)，選項B正確。

10.翻譯題

過去十年間，中國手機網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展可謂有目共睹，幾乎每年都會新增約八千萬用戶，但據(jù)英國廣播公司報道，在某種程度上，真正的通訊革命才剛剛開始。

今年，中國將取代美國成為世界最大的智能手機市場。對很多中國人來說，智能手機使他們第一次擁有了通向互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的私人路徑。這對于信息技術(shù)開發(fā)商、尤其是移動手機應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)商來說是非比尋常的機遇。

那么，應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)商是怎么在中國賺到錢的呢？一種方法就是嘗試“應(yīng)用內(nèi)銷售”一一他們推出免費的應(yīng)用程序，一旦用戶被吸引，再以較低的價格賣給他們體驗增強版。雖然中國的用戶只愿意出幾分錢來購買升級服務(wù)，但只要想想用戶多達數(shù)百萬，加在一起很快就是一大筆錢。不過，對于非游戲類應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)商來說，要發(fā)展就得依靠廣告收益。

【答案】ThemobilenetworkgrowthinChinahasbeenremarkable,withsome80millionnewusersjoiningeveryyearforthepastdecade.Buttosomeextent,therealcommunicationsrevolutionhasonlyjustbegun,BBCreported.

Thisyear,ChinawillovertakeAmericaastheworld'sbiggestSmartphonemarket.FormanyChinese,theSmartphoneoffersthemtheirfirstpersonalaccesstoInternet.Thisisanextraordinaryopportunityforinformationtechnologydevelopers,especiallymobileappdevelopers.

SohowthendoesanappdevelopermakemoneyinChina?Onewayistotryin-appsales—theyofferfreeappsandonceusersarehooked,theywillsellthemanenhancedversionoftheexperienceatalowerprice.AlthoughusersinChinamaybeonlywillingtopayafewcentsfortheenhancedservice,whenyou'retalkingmillionsofusers,thatcansoonadduptoalotofmoney.But,fornon-gameappdevelopers,theremustbeadvertisingrevenuetomoveforward.

11.單選題

TheFrenchmathematiciandeLaplacenextreasonedthatifenoughmass（

）addedtoastarlikethesun,thegravitationalforceofthestar（

）eventuallypreventlightparticlesfromleavingit;itwouldtherefore“blinkout”andbecomeaninvisibleblackstar.

問題1選項

A.were...would

B.was...would

C.was...wouldhave

D.were...wouldhave

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由選項中動詞的過去形式可知本題考查if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。第一空條件從句中，如果使用一般過去時則表示對現(xiàn)在事實的虛擬，be動詞固定用were；相應(yīng)的主句應(yīng)使用would+動詞原形表示。因此A選項符合題意。

12.單選題

Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.Thebodyneedsthemforlifeandhealth.Sonaturally,manypeopleareconcernedwiththequestion:AmIgettingenoughvitamins,andamIgettingtherightkind?

Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,theworrypeoplehaveaboutvitaminshassomebasis.Andthishassomethingtodowiththeirdiet—thefoodtheytakein.Apersoneatingagoodvarietyoffoodsgetsallthevitaminsnowknowntobeneeded(withthepossibleexceptionofvitamind).

Theproblemisthattherearemanypeoplewhodon'tchoosefoodswisely,don'tgetenoughvariety,anddon'teatthebasicfoodstheyneedtogettheirvitamins.Sotheanswertothisquestionis..Noextravitaminsareneeded,providingyoueatproperfoods.Infact,manyofthevitaminscannotbestoredinthebody,sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.Itisevenharmfultoputtoomuchofcertainvitaminsintothebody.ThishasbeenfoundtobetrueofvitaminAandD,whenlargeamountsaretakenin.

Whatfoodssupplywhatvitamins?Hereisaquickgeneralidea.VitaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,teeth,andbones,isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter.VitaminB1whichhelpsthenervousanddigestivesystemandpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkandliver.VitaminB2isfoundinmilk,eggs,greenvegetablesandmeats.VitaminC,whichhelpsbonesandteeth,isfoundintomatoes,certainfruitsandvegetables.Theseareonlyafewofthemostimportantvitaminsthebodyneeds.

1.VitaminAisneededby______andcanbefoundin______.

2.VitaminChelps______whilevitaminB1isveryimportantto______.

3.Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundin______.

4.Thebodyneeds______forlifeandhealth.

5.Ifyoutakeinmorevitaminsthanyouactuallyneed,______.

問題1選項

A.bones/pork

B.nervoussystem/milk

C.eyes/greenvegetables

D.teeth/meats

問題2選項

A.teeth/digestivesystem

B.skin/bones

C.bones/liver

D.eyes/meats

問題3選項

A.body

B.food

C.pork

D.digestivesystem

問題4選項

A.extravitamins

B.agoodvarietyofvitamins

C.largeamountsofcertainvitamins

D.smallamountsofeachvitamin

問題5選項

A.theyareharmfultoyourbody

B.yougetallthevitaminsnowknowntobeneeded

C.theyhelpourbodiesmoreproperly

D.yourbodysimplygetsridofthem

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“VitaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,teeth,andbones,isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter.”，可知維他命A有利于眼睛、皮膚、牙齒和骨骼健康，存在于蔬菜水果、肝臟和黃油中。選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“VitaminC,whichhelpsbonesandteeth,isfoundintomatoes,certainfruitsandvegetables.”，可知維C對骨骼和牙齒有好處，存在于西紅柿、蔬菜和水果中。排除B、D兩項。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“VitaminB1whichhelpsthenervousanddigestivesystemandpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkandliver.”維生素B1有利于神經(jīng)和消化系統(tǒng)，所以排除D選項。選項A符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.”。可知維他命是一組存在于食物中的物質(zhì)。選項B符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,”，可知人體只需要少量的維生素。選項D符合題意。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.”，可知當多余的維生素被攝入時，人體會排除它們。選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

Onecommonalityoffitnessisthestrongassociationofmilitaryandpoliticalmight[A]withphysicalfitnessthroughoutmankind’sadvancement.Inmanyways,thisshowshow[B]impactingourworldleaderscanbeonhealthandfitness.Themind-bodyconcepthashadatenuousdevelopment.Attimes,someculturesprescribedspiritualityattheexpenseofthebody[C]whereasothers,suchasGreeksociety,[D]upholdtheidealthatasoundmindcanonlybefoundinahealthybody.

問題1選項

A.with

B.impacting

C.whereas

D.uphold

【答案】D

【解析】考查時態(tài)。Whereas引導(dǎo)的句子與前面是并列關(guān)系，因此D選項處動詞時態(tài)應(yīng)與prescribe保持一致，因此需要將uphold改為upheld。

14.單選題

Usingpopularathletestoendorseandpitchcompaniesandtheirproductshasbecomecommonplaceinadvertising.U.S.companiespaidmorethan$1billiontonearly2,000athletesforendorsementdealsandlicensingrightsin1996-atenfoldincreasefromjustadecadeago.Nikealonespendsmorethan$100millionayearonendorsementcontracts.TheaverageathleteontheForbessuper40listoftop-earningathletescommandsaround$250,000ayearforanationalendorsement.SuperstarMichaelJordan,theathletewhomakesthemostfromendorsements,considersonlymultiyeardealsthatpayatleast$10million.Inadditiontotheendorsementfees,companiesspendanother$10billiontoadvertiseandpromotetheirassociationtotheseathletes.

Whilecompaniesareinvestinghugesumsofmoneyintotheconceptthatathletesmakegoodpromoter,theyarealsorecognizingthatchoosingacelebrityendorserisnolongeramatterofpersonaltasteandtop-managementwhimsy.Severalcompanieshavebeenbadlyburnedwhentheirhigh-pricedendorserswereinvolvedinmessyscandalsandcontroversies.HertzCorp,usedO.J.Simpsonasitsspokespersonfor20yearsandlostallofthatequitywhenhewasaccusedofmurderinghisex-wifeandherfriend.Smallercompaniesfaceevengreaterriskswhentheyentrusttheirnameandimagetoanathlete.WhenDallasCowboysfootballstarMichaelIrvinwascaughtinamotelroomwithstrippersanddrugs,13Toyotadealershipsthatpaidhim$120,000todoaseriesofcommercialshadlittlechoicebuttopulltheadsandswallowthe$400,000inproductioncosts.WhenIrvinrefusedtoreturnhispayment,aswellasa$50,000carthedealershipshadlenthim,theysued,thecasesettledoutofcourt.

Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.However,manymarketersarewillingtotakechanceonirreverentorrebelliousathleteswhoseoutlandishbehaviordrawsattentiontothem.Forexample,basketballstarDennisRodmanhasparlayedhisbadimageintoendorsementcontractswithNike,McDonald's,PizzaHut,ComfortInn,andConverse.Rodman’ssponsorsbelieveheappealstotheelusiveGenerationXmarketthatthesecompaniesaretryingtoreach.However,Rodman’santicshavebecometoomuchforsomecompanies.TheCarl’sJr.fast-foodchaintemporarilysuspendeditsrelationshipwithRodmaninearly1997whenhewassuspendedforkickingacourtsidephotographerduringagame.

Mostcompaniesaremovingawayfromcontroversialathletesandlookingforoneswhowillnotjustattractattentionbutenhancetheimageofthecompanyorbrandtheyareendorsing.Theirgoalistoachieveanendorser'shaloeffect-apositiveassociationthatbathestheproductingoodvibesafterapopularsportscelebrityhaspitchedit.Marketershavediscoveredthatthereareanumberof“niceguys”availabletoendorsetheirproducts.AmongthemaretennisstarsPeteSamprasandMichaelChang(whohasemergedasthemostpopularathleteinAsiabyfar),SanFranciscoquarterbackSteveYoung,baseballironmanCalRipkenJr.,LosAngelesLakersbasketballstarShaquilleO’Neal,hockeystarWayneGretzky,andgolferTigerWoods.Evenformerstarswithlikablepersonalitiesandimagesaspositiverolemodelsarestillpopular,includingArnoldPalmer,JoeMontana,JimPalmer,NolanRyan,andChrisEvert,

PerhapsnobodyembodiesthenewbreedofniceguysuperstarbetterthanbasketballstarGrantHill.AnAll-AmericanatDuke,hestayedallfouryearsandgraduatedwithhisclass.Hisfather,Calvin,playedfootballatYaleandwasastarwiththeDallasCowboys.DuringhisfirsttwoyearsintheNBA,HillreceivedmorefanvotesforaspotontheNBAAll-Starteamthananyotherplayer,includingMichaelJordan.

ThebiggestbeneficiaryofGrantHill’snonabrasive,good-humored,All-AmericanimagehasbeenFila,andItaliancompanythatsignedHilltoanendorsementcontractin1994.SincesigningHill,Filahasbecomethethird-largestsneakermakerintheUnitesStates.Salesshotup37percentin1995andanother40percentin1996to$750million.Hill’snamesakeshoetrailsonlyNike’sAirJordansinsale.FilaofficialsreadilyacknowledgethatHill’s“niceguys”imageappealstothecurrentsensibilitiesofMiddleAmerican.

ThreeyearsagobasketballstarCharlesBarkleyappearedinaNikecommercialwherehegloweredatthecameraanddeclared,“Iamnotarolemodel,”Sincethen,hisendorsementtakebeencutinhalf.Hillreadilyacknowledges“Iamarolemodel.”Inadditiontogetting$6millionayearfromFilaplusa5percentroyaltyonthesaleofhisshoes,HillhasendorsecontractwithSprite,GMCtrucks,Kellogg’sandMcDonald’s.Itappearsthatniceguysarefinishingfirstintheendorsementgame.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,basketballstarGrantHillhasendorsecontractwith（）

3.Basedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingmakesthemostfromendorsement?

4.Allofthefollowingareregardedas“NiceGuys”availabletoendorsetheproductsEXCEPT（）

5.Fila,anItaliancompanyfirstsignedGrantHilltoanendorsementcontract（）

問題1選項

A.DallasCowboysfootballstarMichaelIrvinmade13Toyotadealershipspulltheadsandswallowthe$400,000inproductioncosts.

B.“Niceguys”havefarmoreeffectsonU.S.companiesthantheirreverentathletes.

C.BasketballstarGrantHill,embodiesthenewbreedofniceguysuperstarbetterthananyotherathlete.

D.Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.

問題2選項

A.McDonald’s

B.Nike

C.PizzaHut

D.HertzCorp.

問題3選項

A.GrantHill

B.DennisRodman

C.MichaelJordan

D.O.J.Simpson

問題4選項

A.MichaelChang

B.SteveYoung

C.ShaquilleO’Neal

D.DennisRodman

問題5選項

A.in1996

B.in1995

C.in1994

D.in1993

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)原文中第三段的第一句“Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.”可知本句為全文的中心句。所以選項D正確。選項A只是文中提到的一個例子；選項B,C描述不準確。所以本題選D。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“...HillhasendorsecontractwithSprite,GMCtrucks,Kellogg’sandMcDonald’s.”可知選項A正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“SuperstarMichaelJordan,theathletewhomakesthemostfromendorsements,considersonlymultiyeardealsthatpayatleast$10million.”可知選項C正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段“Marketershavediscoveredthatthereareanumberof“niceguys”availabletoendorsetheirproducts.Amongthemare...”選項A,B,C均有提及；根據(jù)第三段“basketballstarDennisRodmanhasparlayedhisbadimageintoendorsementcontractswithNike,McDonald's,PizzaHut,ComfortInn,andConverse.”可知DennisRodman的形象不太好。所以本題選D。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的第一句“ThebiggestbeneficiaryofGrantHill’snonabrasive,good-humored,All-AmericanimagehasbeenFila,andItaliancompanythatsignedHilltoanendorsementcontractin1994.”可知選項C正確。

15.單選題

Asweareonthepointof（）someimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircreditstanding.

問題1選項

A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于我們正準備和他們進行一些交易，所以我們想確切地了解他們的信用狀況。

考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的動名詞形式。transmit傳播；傳送：transfer使轉(zhuǎn)移;調(diào)任;transact辦理;執(zhí)行；進行（貿(mào)易、談判等）;transport運輸。空格處的賓語是business(商業(yè)，交易)，因此C項符合句意。

16.單選題

Tourismdevelopsculture.Itbroadensthethinkingofthetravelerandleadstoculture（1）betweenthehostsandguestsfromfar-offplaces.Thiscanbenefitthelocals,sincetouristsbringculture（2）them.

Tourismmayhelptopreserveindigenouscustoms,（3）traditionalshows,parades,celebrationsandfestivalsareputonfortourists.Themusicals,playsandseriousdramaofLondontheatresandotherkindsofnightlifeare（4）supportedbytourists.Sucheventsmightdisappearwithoutthestimulusoftourismto（5）them.

Ontheotherhand,tourismoftencontributestothedisappearanceoflocaltraditionsandfolklore.Churches,templesandsimilarplacesofworshipare（6）astouristattractions.Thiscanbe（7）theexpenseoftheiroriginalfunction:howmanybelieverswanttoworshipinthemiddleofaflowofatheistinvaders?Whowouldwanttopray（8）curiousonlookersshuffletoandfrowithguidebooks,ratherthanprayerbooks,intheirhands?

Tourismmaybringotherindirectculturalconsequencesinits（9）.Tensionswhichalreadyexistbetweenancientandmoremodernwaysmaybedeepenedbytourists’ignoranceof（10）customsandbeliefs.Tourists,ifnotactuallyricher,oftenseemmorewell-offthannatives.Theformermaythereforefeelsuperior,（11）thelatterembarrassedabouttheirlifestyles.Theresultmaybeaninferiorfeelingwhich（12）helpsthesenseofidentitywhichissoimportanttoregionalculture.Thepovertyofalocalitycanlookevenworsewhen（13）withthecomfortablehotelenvironmentinhabitedbytourists.ProsperousretiredorelderlytouristsfromBritain,wheretheaveragelifeexpectancyis75years,maywell（14）resentmentinSierraLeone,wherethelocalpopulationcanexpecttolivetonomorethan41years.Therelativeprosperityoftouristsmay（15）crime.InGambia,unemployedyoungpeopleoffertoactas“professionalfriends”—guides,companionsorsexualpartnersinreturnformoney.Whenthetourismseasonisover,theycannolongergetwagesthatwaysothey（16）topettystealingfromthelocalpopulace.Allthisaffectsthelocalsociallifeandculture（17）.

Culturalerosioncanalsotakeplaceatmore（18）levels.Greekvillagerstraditionally（19）themselvesontheirhospitality.Theywould（20）travelersforfree,feedingthemandlisteningtotheirstories.Totakemoneywouldhavebeenadisgrace.Thathaschangednow.Touristsexisttobeexploited.Perhapsthisishardlysurprisingiftheearningsfromoneroomrentedtoatouristcanexceedateacher’smonthlysalary.

問題1選項

A.conflict

B.contact

C.concern

D.constraint

問題2選項

A.with

B.to

C.over

D.by

問題3選項

A.likethat

B.ifwhen

C.asif

D.aswhen

問題4選項

A.largely

B.extremely

C.positively

D.totally

問題5選項

A.entertain

B.retain

C.maintain

D.pertain

問題6選項

A.considered

B.taken

C.treated

D.made

問題7選項

A.for

B.at

C.in

D.to

問題8選項

A.how

B.that

C.while

D.when

問題9選項

A.sake

B.wake

C.sense

D.cost

問題10選項

A.regional

B.native

C.territorial

D.local

問題11選項

A.making

B.allowing

C.ignoring

D.leaving

問題12選項

A.ha