書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-天門職業學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Alineinasongasks,“Doesanyonereallyknowwhattimeitis?”Thisquestioncouldeasilyapplytocalendars!Didyouknowthatourideasabouttimeareaffectedbyreligion?Differentfaithsusedifferenttypesofcalendarstomeasuretime.

Oddstructures,suchasStonehengeinEngland,mayhavebeenusedtomeasuretimelongago.Theseancientrocksstandinacirclelikelarge,grayLegos.Somepeoplethinkthattherocksrelatetothepositionofthesun.Nooneknowshowpeoplemovedthemintothisinformation,butitwasprobablyalotofwork.Ifitwasacalendar,itsurewasabigone!TheAztecsalsohadarockcalendarthatwasrelatedtothesun.TheyhadaSunStonethatshowedtheirsungodinthecenter.

Thecalendaryouareprobablymostfamiliarisalsobasedonthesun.ThepowerfulRomanEmperor,JuliusCaesar,firstadoptedthesolarcalendarin46B.C.Thecycleoftheyearinasolarcalendarismeasuredfromoneequinoxtothenext.Asolarcalendarhastobeadjustedeverysooftentokeepintimewiththesun.In1582,PopeGregoryXHfirstauthorizedtakingafewdaysoutofeveryyearforthepurposeofadjustingthecalendar.Peopledidn’tlikethisonebitbecausetheythoughttheywerelosingtime!IttookcenturiesforEuropeanstogetusedtothisconcept.

Eventually,asystemwasworkedouttoaddasingledaytothecalendareveryfouryears.Soitwassynchronizedwiththeseasons.Theextradaymadeeveryfourthyear366dayslong.Thesespecialyearsarecalledleapyears,andwecalledtheextradaytothemonthofFebruary.IfyouknowsomeonewhosebirthdayisFebruary29,youknowthatheorshewasborninaleapyear.ThiscalendariscalledtheGregoriancalendar,anditisusedintheUnitedStatesandotherChristiancountries.

Muslimsuseadifferentkindofcalendar.Theirlunarcalendarisbasedonthecyclesofthemoon,anditiscompletelydifferentthanasolarone.AccordingtotheMuslimholybook,theKoran,Allahsaid,“Truly,twelvemonthsisthenumberofthemonthswithGod,accordingtotheGod’sBook,eversinceHecreatedheavenandEarth.”AnewMuslimmonthdoesnotstartuntiltworeliablewitnesseshaveseenthenewmoon.MuslimfamiliesoftentakewalksintheeveningtofindthefirstyellowsliceofthenewmoontostartRamadan,theirmonth-longfast.

1.Accordingtotheauthorofthearticle,（）hasinfluencedourwayofmeasuringthetime.

2.Weknowfromthearticlethat（）calendarisbasedonthecycleofthemoon.

3.FromthearticlewecaninferthatRamadanisaMuslimfestival,whichlastsfor（）.

4.Theverb“synchronize”（Line1,Paragraph4）probablymeans（）.

5.Thecalendarthatmostpeoplearefamiliarwithwasfirstadoptedby（）.

問題1選項

A.theuniverse

B.thePope

C.religion

D.nature

問題2選項

A.Gregorian

B.solar

C.Christian

D.lunar

問題3選項

A.onemonth

B.oneweek

C.fourdays

D.twentyfivedays

問題4選項

A.tocausetooccurfourdayslater

B.tocausetohappenfourdaysearlier

C.tohappenbeforehandorafterwards

D.tocausetohappenatthesametime

問題5選項

A.theChristian

B.thePope

C.JuliusCaesar

D.theMuslims

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實細節題。根據第一段最后一句“Differentfaithsusedifferenttypesofcalendarstomeasuretime.”不同信仰的人使用不同類型的日歷來計算時間。信仰和宗教相關，所以選項C正確。

2.事實細節題。根據最后一段第二句“Theirlunarcalendarisbasedonthecyclesofthemoon...”他們的農歷是以月亮的周期為基礎的。選項D正確。

3.事實細節題。根據最后一段最后一句“MuslimfamiliesoftentakewalksintheeveningtofindthefirstyellowsliceofthenewmoontostartRamadan,theirmonth-longfast.”穆斯林家庭經常在晚上散步，以尋找第一彎黃月牙，開始長達一個月的齋月。選項A正確。

4.詞義推斷題。根據第四段的內容可知，最終，一個系統被設計出來，每四年在日歷上增加一天。目的是為了保證日期與季節能夠保持同步，所以選項D符合句意。

5.事實細節題。根據第三段第二句“ThepowerfulRomanEmperor,JuliusCaesar,firstadoptedthesolarcalendarin46B.C.”可知選項C正確。

2.單選題

Sheisavery（

）student.She’salwaystalkingabouttravelingtoouterspace.

問題1選項

A.imaginary

B.imaginative

C.imaginable

D.imagining

【答案】B

【解析】考查形似形容詞詞義辨析。imaginary“虛構的，假想的”；imaginative“富于想象的，有創造力的”；imaginable“可能的，可想象的”；imagining是image的動名詞形式。句意：她是一個富有想象力的學生。她總是談論關于在外太空漫游的事。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

NomanhasbeenmoreharshlyjudgedthanMachiavelli,especiallyinthetwocenturiesfollowinghisdeath.Buthehassincefoundmanyablechampionsandthetidehasturned.Theprincehasbeentermedamanualfortyrants,theeffectofwhichhasbeenmostharmful.ButwereMachiavelli’sdoctrinesreallynew?Didhediscoverthem?Hemerelyhadthefranknessandcouragetowritedownwhateverybodywasthinkingandwhateverybodyknew.Hemerelygivesustheimpressionshehadreceivedfromalongandintimateintercoursewithprincesandtheaffairsofstate.ItwasLordBaconwhosaidthatMachiavellitellsuswhatprincesdo,notwhattheyoughttodo.WhenMachiavellitakesCaesarBorgiaasamodel,hedoesnotpraisehimasaheroatall,butmerelyasaprincewhowascapableofattainingtheendinview.Thelifeofthestatewastheprimaryobject.Itmustbemaintained.AndMachiavellihaslaiddowntheprinciples,baseduponhisstudyandwideexperience,bywhichthismaybeaccomplished.Hewrotefromtheviewpointofthepolitician—notofthemoralist.Whatisgoodpoliticsmaybebadmorals,andinfact,byastrangefatality,wheremoralsandpoliticsclash,thelattergenerallygetstheupperhand.AndwillanyonecontendthattheprinciplessetforthbyMachiavelliinhisPrinceorhisDiscourseshaveentirelyperishedfromtheearth?Hasdiplomacybeenentirelystrippedoffraudandduplicity?LetanyonereadthefamouseighteenthchapterofThePrince:“InwhatMannerPrincesshouldKeeptheirFaith.”andhewillbeconvincedthatwhatwastruenearlyfourhundredyearsago,isquiteastruetoday.

OftheremainingworksofMachiavellithemostimportantistheHistoryofFlorencewrittenbetween1521and1525,anddedicatedtoClementVII.ThisbookismerelyarapidreviewoftheMiddleAges,andaspartofitthehistoryofFlorence.Machiavelli’smethodhasbeencriticizedforadheringattimestoocloselytothechroniclersofhistime,andatothersrejectingtheirtestimonywithoutapparentreason,whileinitsdetailstheauthorityofhisHistoryisoftenquestionable.Itisthestraightforward,logicalnarrative,whichalwaysholdstheinterestofthereader,thatisthegreatestcharmoftheHistory.

36.Itcanbeinferredfromthebeginningofthetextthat______.

37.LordBacon’sremarksonMachiavelliisquotedas______.

38.InthecaseofCaesarBorgiatheauthorholdsthat______.

39.Accordingtotheauthor,apolitician’smorality______.

40.Theauthor’sopiniononMachiavelli’sHistoryofFlorenceisthat______.

問題1選項

A.manypeopleusedtothinkhighlyofMachiavelli

B.Machiavellihadbeenveryinfluentialamongtherulers

C.Machiavelliwaswidelyreadamonghiscontemporaries

D.Machiavellihasbeenatargetofcriticismthroughouthistory

問題2選項

A.asupportfortheauthor’sviewpoint

B.oneofthemainstreamviewonhim

C.ajudgmentinsupportofmostcritics

D.amodificationoftheauthor’spreviousstarts

問題3選項

A.Machiavellihasbeenobjective

B.Machiavellirevealedhispersonality

C.CaesarBorgiawasadeservedmodel

D.MachiavelliovervaluedCaesarBorgia

問題4選項

A.isnomatchforhispoliticalambition

B.hasbeenundervaluedbyMachiavelliandhislikes

C.isusuallyofsecondaryimportance

D.shouldbetakenasayardstickofhisinability

問題5選項

A.historyhasmuchtodowiththepersonwhorecordsit

B.thecharmliesinthestyleratherthaninthecontent

C.mostpeoplefailedtoreadMachiavelli’sintentioninit

D.anyhistoryofthiskindshouldbewritteninthisway

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】36.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句NomanhasbeenmoreharshlyjudgedthanMachiavelli,especiallyinthetwocenturiesfollowinghisdeath.（沒人比馬基雅維利所遭受的批判更嚴酷了，尤其是在他死后的兩個世紀以內。），說明馬基雅維利在歷史上一直都是人們批判的對象。因此D選項“馬基雅維利在歷史上一直是被批判的對象”正確。A選項“過去很多人對馬基雅維利的評價很高”，B選項“馬基雅維利在統治者中的影響很大”，C選項“馬基雅維利在同時代人中閱讀量很大”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，C錯誤。

37.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者在說明馬基雅維利一直受到嚴厲批判后指出Buthehassincefoundmanyablechampionsandthetidehasturned.（但是，他從此鑄造了許多能干的斗士，潮流也從此逆轉了。），接著說《君主論》成了暴君的指南，后果極其有害。然后，作者提出了兩個問題并進行了回答，提出了自己的觀點：馬基雅維利的觀點并非獨創，他只是將自己的印象記錄下來，敢于將大家都知道的東西寫下來而已。接著引用培根的話ItwasLordBaconwhosaidthatMachiavellitellsuswhatprincesdo,notwhattheyoughttodo.（馬基雅維利告訴我們君主所做的事，而不是他們應該做的事。），說明馬基雅維利只是告訴人們君主所做的事情，而非君主應當如何去做。這和作者的觀點是一致的，作者引用的目的是為了支持自己的觀點。因此A選項“是對作者觀點的支持”正確。B選項“對他的主流觀點之一”，C選項“支持大多數批評者的判斷”，D選項“對作者上文的開頭進行了修改”均不符合作者的行文邏輯，所以B，C，D錯誤。

38.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】觀點態度題。在第一段中作者舉了凱撒?博魯吉亞的例子，說明hedoesnotpraisehimasaheroatall,butmerelyasaprincewhowascapableofattainingtheendinview.（他完全沒有把他贊美成英雄，而是僅僅說他作為一個君主，能夠達到自己想要的目的。），“英雄”是主觀看法，“君主”是客觀事實，說明作者認為馬基雅維利是客觀記述而不是主觀判斷。所以A選項“馬基雅維利的觀點是客觀的”正確。B選項“馬基雅維利揭示了自己的個性”，C選項“凱撒?博魯吉亞是當之無愧的楷模”，D選項“馬基雅維利高估了凱撒?博魯吉亞的價值”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯誤。

39.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細節題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段倒數第四句Whatisgoodpoliticsmaybebadmorals,andinfact,byastrangefatality,wheremoralsandpoliticsclash,thelattergenerallygetstheupperhand.（政治上的好事從道德方面看可能是壞事，事實上很奇怪的是，當道德和政治發生沖突時，往往后者會占據上風。），說明政治家往往會認為政治比道德更重要。因此C選項“道德通常是次要的”正確。A選項“與他的政治野心不相稱”，B選項“被馬基雅維利及其同類人低估了價值”，D選項“應作為衡量他是否有能力的標準”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯誤。

40.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Itisthestraightforward,logicalnarrative,whichalwaysholdstheinterestofthereader,thatisthegreatestcharmoftheHistory.（它直接的、有邏輯的敘述常常能引起讀者的興趣，這就是他這本書的魅力所在。），說明作者認為這本書的魅力之處在于它的敘述風格。因此B選項“魅力在于風格而不在于內容”正確。A選項“歷史與記錄歷史的人有很大的關系”，C選項“大多數人沒有讀懂馬基雅維利在其中的意圖”，D選項“任何這類歷史都應該這樣寫”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯誤。

4.單選題

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshasalonghistoryandiscloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescribes,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople’snutritionalstandardshavearisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendsaretwowhichhaveanadverseeffect.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.

Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproduce-bysuggestion-averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.

Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson’shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.

1.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto（

）.

2.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause

（

）.

3.Paragraphs2and3explain

（

）.

4.InParagraph4theauthorillustrates

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory

B.distinguishbetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication

C.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise

D.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses

問題2選項

A.theyoftenwatchadsonTV

B.theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertised

C.theygenerallyleadasedentarylife

D.theydon’ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds

問題3選項

A.thatgoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffects

B.whycleveradvertisingissopowerful

C.whyinmodemtimesself-medicationisstillpracticed

D.whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife

問題4選項

A.thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome

B.people’sdoubtabouttakingdrugs

C.whyitmaybeworsetotakedrugsbyoneself

D.thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople

問題5選項

A.MedicalPractice

B.CleverAdvertising

C.Self-medication

D.Self-treatment

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.考察推理判斷。文章第一段第一句occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving提到偶爾的自我治療已經成了人們正常生活中的一部分，接下來又提到了由于近百年來科學技術的發展，使得制藥跟買藥的現象越來越普遍，這些都是說明自我治療已經有一段很長的歷史了。選項A符合題意。

2.考察推理判斷。文章第三段倒數第二句Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime提到廣告人將目標定在那些得感冒或者咳嗽的人身上，因為得這些小毛病的人都愿意在短時間內自行買藥治療，選項B符合題意。

3.考察細節事實。文章第二段提到科技進步帶動了醫學的進步，但是醫學進步又產生了兩個不利的影響，一是各種醫藥廣告盛行甚至導致過度服用藥物，二是久坐不動的現象越發嚴重，人們不愛運動、過度飲食、抽煙等各種不好的生活習慣。文章第三段主要講述了聰明的廣告人針對有需要的人打廣告。這兩段講述了由于生活習慣，由于廣告的影響，人們愿意去買藥物自行治療。選項C符合題意。

4.考察細節事實。文章第四段主要講述了自我治療是否會導致情況更遭：Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought，列舉出了很多情況，比如購買的藥物可能有不恰當的成分、使用者會依賴這些藥物、使用者可能過去食用等等。選項D符合題意。

5.考察主旨大意。文章第一段講述了自我治療的歷史；第二段講述了自我治療出現的原因；第三段講述了廣告商對自我治療產生的影響；第四段講述了自我治療有可能會引發的問題。由此可知，全文都是在講述自我治療。選項C符合題意。

5.不定項選擇題

Adulteducationisthepracticeofteachingandeducatingadults.Thisisoftendoneintheworkplace,or_1_“continuingeducation”coursesatsecondaryschools,oratacollegeoruniversity.

Educatingadultsdiffersfromeducating_2_inseveralways.Oneofthemostimportant_3_isthatadultshavegainedknowledgeandexperienceswhichcan_4_addvaluetoalearningexperienceorinterferewithit.

Anotherimportantdifferenceisthatadultsmustfrequentlyapplytheirknowledgeinsome_5_fashioninordertolearneffectively;theremustbea_6_andareasonableexpectationthatthenewknowledgewillhelpthemfurtherthatgoal.Oneexample,_7_inthe1990s,wasthespreadofcomputertrainingcoursesin_8_adults,mostofthemofficeworkers,couldenroll.Thesecoursewouldteachbasicuseoftheoperatingsystemor_9_applicationsoftware.BecausetheskillsrequiredtointeractwithaPCweresonew,manypeoplewhohadbeenworkingwhite-collarjobsfortenyearsormoreeventuallytooksuchtrainingcourses,eitheroftheirownwill,togaincomputerskillsandthusearnhigherpay,or_10_oftheirbosses.

問題1選項

A.by

B.from

C.on

D.through

問題2選項

A.children

B.students

C.workers

D.employees

問題3選項

A.signs

B.features

C.differences

D.practices

問題4選項

A.either

B.neither

C.both

D.so

問題5選項

A.probable

B.practical

C.modern

D.routine

問題6選項

A.plan

B.prospect

C.goal

D.possibility

問題7選項

A.normal

B.common

C.regular

D.profitable

問題8選項

A.that

B.which

C.those

D.whose

問題9選項

A.specific

B.special

C.spectacled

D.spectacular

問題10選項

A.withthecost

B.inthecase

C.forthesake

D.attherequest

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

【解析】第1題:考查介詞辨析。句意：這通常是在工作中完成，或（）初中，大學的“繼續教育”課程中完成。根據文章句意，可以把B選項from和C選項排除；A選項by和D選項through雖然都有“憑借、通過”的意思，但by表示方式、手段或借助某種工具，through側重經歷某過程。因此答案選A。

第2題:考查上下文語義。A選項“孩子”；B選項“學生”；C選項“工人”；D選項“員工”。句意：成人教育在幾個方面不同于（）教育。這句話的主語是adult（成人），與adult對應的是children，所以答案選A。

第3題:考查上下文語義。A選項“信號”；B選項“特征”；C選項“不同”；D選項“實踐，慣例”。上文中說到Educatingadultsdiffersfromeducating()inseveralways.（成人教育在幾個方面不同于（）教育）從關鍵詞differsfrom（不同）可知，此空格選C。

第4題:考查固定搭配。句意：這可以（）增加價值的學習經驗或干擾它。whichcan()addvaluetoalearningexperienceorinterferewithit.A選項either“兩者中的任何一個”；B選項neither“兩者都不”；C選項both“都”；D選項so“如此”。這句話后面有個連接詞or，而能和or搭配的只有either，所以答案選A。

第5題:考查上下文語義。A選項“很可能”；B選項“實際上”；C選項“現代的”；D選項“常規的”。句意：另一個重要的區別是為了學得有效率，成年人必須經常把這些知識運用在（）方面上。根據句意B選項最合適。

第6題:考查上下文語義。A選項“計劃”；B選項prospect“預期”；C選項“目標”；D選項“可能性”。句意：必須有一個（）以及一個合理的期望能夠讓新知識幫助他們進一步實現這個目標。本句中空格后一句出現了thatgoal，that在這是特指代詞，指文章中出現過的一個目標，但是前文中沒有出現goal或者其同義詞，所以答案選C。

第7題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項“典型的；正常的；一般的”；B選項“常見的；通常的；普遍的”；C選項“有規律的，經常的”；D選項“有利可圖的”。句意：有個例子，（）20世紀90年代，就是電腦的流行……。根據句意，文章要表達的意思是在1990年成人電腦課程很流行。因為流行所以報班的現象會很普遍，所以答案選B。選A選項的話會暗含一種成人報電腦班在1990年很正常，但是現在就不那么正常了的意思。

第8題:考查定語從句關系詞。句意：在20世紀90年代，很普遍的一個例子是計算機培訓課程流行于成年中，這些成年人大多數是辦公室職員可以參加這種課程。整個句子中有兩套主謂結構，即examples+wasthespreadof和adults+enroll，兩個句子沒有連詞，所以我們知道這題考查的知識點是從句，而且是定語從句。those不能引導從句，所以排除C；在定語從句中，關系代詞前面有介詞時我們不能用that只能用which，而whose前面也不能放介詞，所以答案選B選項which。

第9題:考查名詞辨析。A選項“特定的”；B選項“特殊的”；C選項“戴了眼鏡的”；D選項“壯觀的”。Thesecoursewouldteachbasicuseoftheoperatingsystemor()applicationsoftware.（這些課程將教授基礎的操作系統的使用或（）應用軟件的基本用法）。根據句子意思排除C，D選項，而且根據空格前面的關鍵詞basic，可以推測后面應該用basic的對應詞是specific，而不是special，所以答案選A。

第10題:考查短語辨析。A選項withthecost沒有這種搭配；B選項“至于，在……的情況下”；C選項“為了……的利益”；D選項“應……的要求”。句意：要么就是為了自己想要學習電腦技能或者取得更高報酬的愿望，要么就是他們老板的（）。根據句意C，D排除；本句表示因為什么原因上班族想要上電腦班，為了老板的利益去報班和在老板的要求下去報班之間，顯然是后者更符合邏輯，所以答案選D。

6.翻譯題

Considerthesurveyevidence,whichshowsthatwhilemostAmericanswanttohavebothscienceandreligionintheirlives,they’llonlygosofartopreservetheformerattheexpenseofthelatter.

【答案】根據調查證據思考發現，盡管許多人在他們的生命里都想擁有科學和宗教，但是目前他們只會保留前者，而以后者為代價。

7.寫作題

Directions:ForthispartyouareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthefollowingtopicOnPayingbackstudentLoans.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.

1.現今，在高校通過助學貸款完成學業的學生越來越多。

2.但是有些學生畢業后沒有能力或拒絕按時還貸。

3.你認為貸款的學生應如何對待還貸問題。

【答案】略

8.翻譯題

Mydictionarydefineshappyas“lucky”or“fortunate”,butIthinkabetterdefinitionofhappinessis“thecapacityforenjoyment.”Themorewecanenjoywhatwehave,thehappierweare.It’seasytooverlookthepleasurewegetfromlovingandbeingloved,thecompanyoffriends,thefreedomtolivewhereweplease,evengoodhealth.

Iaddedupmylittlemomentsofpleasureyesterday.FirsttherewassheerblisswhenIshutthelastlunchboxandhadthehousetomyself.ThenIspentanuninterruptedmorningwriting,whichIlove.Whenthekidscamehome,Ienjoyedtheirnoiseafterthequirtoftheday.Later,peacedescendedagain,andmyhusbandandIenjoyedanotherpleasure—intimacy.Sometimesjusttheknowledgethathewantsmecanbringmejoy.

【答案】

我的字典把幸福定義為“幸運”或“好運”。但是我想幸福更好的定義是“享受的能力”。我們越能享受所擁有的一切，我們就越快樂。我們很容易忽視從愛與被愛、朋友的陪伴、住在想住的地方的自由，甚至健康的身體中獲得的快樂。

我總結一下我昨天的幸福時刻：首先是我合上最后一個午餐飯盒，獨自在家時，我感到無比幸福；然后過了一個寫作不受干擾的上午，這令我愉快；等到孩子們回家，我享受安靜的一天過后他們吵鬧的聲音。不久，寧靜再次降臨，我和丈夫享受另一種快樂——親密。有時候，只要想到他需要我，就能給我帶來快樂。

9.單選題

“HELLisacitymuchlikeLondon,”opinedPercyByssheShelleyin1819.Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershavea21%higherriskofdevelopinganxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofdevelopingmooddisorders.Butexactlyhowtheinnerworkingsoftheurbanandruralmindscausethisdifferencehasremainedobscure—untilnow.AstudyjustpublishedinNaturebyAndreasMeyer-LindenbergoftheUniversityofHeidelbergandhiscolleagueshasusedascanningtechniquecalledfunctionalmagnetic-resonanceimaging(FMRI)toexaminethebrainsofcitydwellersandcountrybumpkinswhentheyareunderstress.

InDr.Meyer-Lindenberg’sfirstexperiment,participantslyingwiththeirheadsinascannertookmathsteststhattheyweredoomedtofail(theresearchershaddesignedsuccessratestobejust25%-40%).Tomaketheexperiencestillmorehumiliating,theteamprovidednegativefeedbackthroughheadphones,allthewhilecheckingparticipantsforindicationsofstress,suchashighbloodpressure.

Theurbanites’generalmentalhealthdidnotdifferfromthatoftheirprovincialcounterparts.However,theirbrainsdealtwiththestressimposedbytheexperimentersindifferentways.Thesedifferenceswerenoticeableintworegions:theamygdalasandtheperigenualanteriorcingulatecortex(PACC).Theamygdalasareapairofstructures,oneineachcerebralhemisphere,thatarefounddeepinsidethebrainandareresponsibleforassessingthreatsandgeneratingtheemotionoffear.ThePACCispartofthecerebralcortex(again,foundinbothhemispheres)thatregulatestheamygdalas.

Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.Thoselivingintownshadhigherlevels.Citydwellershadthehighest.Notthatsurprising,tothoseofaShelleyesquedisposition.InthecaseofthePACC,however,whatmatteredwasnotwheresomeonewaslivingnow,butwhereheorshewasbroughtup.Themoreurbanaperson’schildhood,themoreactivehisPACC,regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.

Theamygdalasthusseemtorespondtothehere-and-nowwhereasthePACCisprogrammedearlyon,anddoesnotreactinthesame,flexiblewayastheamygdalas.Second-to-secondchangesinitsactivitymight,though,beexpectedtobecorrelatedwithchangesintheamygdalas,becauseofitsroleinregulatingthem.FMRIallowssuchcorrelationstobemeasured.

Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside,regardlessofwheretheynowlive,thecorrelationswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,thesecorrelationsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutofkilter.Furtherevidence,then,forShelley’spointofview.Moreover,itisalsoknownthatthePACC-amygdalalinkisoftenoutofkilterinschizophrenia,andthatschizophreniaismorecommonamongcitydwellersthancountryfolk.Dr.Meyer-Lindenbergiscarefulnottoclaimthathisresultsshowthecauseofthisconnection.Buttheymight.

Dr.Meyer-Lindenbergandhisteamconductedseveralsubsequentexperimentstochecktheirfindings.Theyaskedparticipantstocompletemoremathstests—andalsotestsinwhichtheymentallyrotatedanobject—whileinvestigatorschidedthemabouttheirperformance.Theresultsmatchedthoseofthefirsttest.Theyalsostudiedanothergroupofvolunteers,whoweregivenstress-freetaskstocomplete.TheseexperimentsshowednoactivityineithertheamygdalasorthePACC,suggestingthattheearlierresultswereindeedtheresultofsocialstressratherthanmentalexertion.

Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissort,thesamplesizewassmall(andthereforenotasrobustasmightbedesirable)andtheresultshowedanassociation,ratherthanadefinite,causalrelationship.Thatassociationis,nevertheless,interesting.Livingincitiesbringsmanybenefits,butDr.Meyer-Lindenberg’sworksuggeststhatShelleyandhisfellowRomanticshadatleasthalfapoint.

16.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

17.WhydoestheauthormentionShelly’swordsatthebeginningofthetext?

18.“outofkilter”(Paragraph6)isclosestinmeaningwith________.

19.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthefindingsofthestudy?

20.Whichofthefollowingisamongthelimitationsofthestudymentionedinthetext?

問題1選項

A.Whythecityisnotasuitableplacetolive.

B.Howtodetecttheinnerworkingofpeopledealingwithstress.

C.Howurbanandruralresidentsdifferintermsofmentalmechanism.

D.Whycitydwellerssufferahigherriskofmooddisorderthancountrymen.

問題2選項

A.ToexpresshisaversiontobigcitieslikeLondon.

B.Tointroducethefollowingdiscussionabouturbanandruraldwellers.

C.Toshowhisfamiliaritywithliteraryworks.

D.Toindicatetheoriginofdifferencesobservedbetweenthecityandcountryside.

問題3選項

A.unexpected

B.outofcontrol

C.ill-informed

D.contradictory

問題4選項

A.CitydwellershadthehighestlevelofPACCactivityintimeofpressure.

B.Theplacewheretheparticipantswerebroughtupmattersmoreinpredictingtheirmentalactivity.

C.Ruralresidentshadthelowestlevelsofamygdalasactivitywhenconfrontedwithstress.

D.TheregulatorymechanismofPACCfailsamongpeoplewhonowliveinthecity.

問題5選項

A.Thescanningtechniqueusedtoexaminethebrains.

B.Therandomnessofchoosingparticipants.

C.Itsinadequatedesignofmathproblemsthattheparticipantsareaskedtosolve.

D.Itsinabilitytoclaimacausalrelationshipbetweensocialstressandmental.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】16.主旨大意題。文章開頭引出城鄉居民在患心理疾病上的差異，隨后拋出實驗來闡述城鄉居民在生理和心理的不同，所以C選項“城鄉居民心理機制的差異”正確。A選項“為什么城市不適合居住”：文章沒有討論這個話題，故錯誤。B選項“如何發現應對壓力的人的內心活動”和D選項“為什么城市居民比鄉村居民患情緒障礙的風險更高”：是文章內容的一部分，不能概括全文，故錯誤。因此C項正確。

17.推理判斷題。根據第一段第二、三句Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershavea21%higherriskofdevelopinganxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofdevelopingmooddisorders.（現代學者同意這個觀點。去年，荷蘭研究人員發現，城市居民患焦慮癥的風險比平靜的農村居民高21%，患情感障礙的風險比鄉村居民高39%。），引用雪萊的話以后，緊接著提出城鄉居民在患精神類疾病風險的不同，所以B選項“引入以下關于城市和農村居民的討論”正確。A選項“表達對倫敦這樣的大城市的厭惡”和C選項“顯示對文學作品的了解”：不是文章想要表達的重點，故錯誤。D選項“指出城市和農村差異的起因”：這里不能得出城鄉差異的起因，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

18.語義推測題。outofkilter的意思是“失常，失衡”，根據第六段Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside…thecorrelationswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,thesecorrelationsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutofkilter.（對于那些在農村長大的人來說，這種相關性在意料之中。然而，對于那些在城市長大的人來說，這種相關性就不存在了。換句話說，土生土長的都市人的調節機制似乎失衡了。），對于生長在農村的人來說，這種相關性可以預料，也就是有規律可循，處于正常的狀態，而對于生長在城市的人來說，這種相關性已經消失，也就是說不是正常該有的狀態，所以B選項“失控的”正確。A選項“想不到的”，C選項“所知不多的”和D選項“矛盾的”不符合題意，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

19.推理判斷