書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津大學(xué)仁愛學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theborderguardsmadeustogetoutofthecarwhiletheycheckedit

fordrugs,weaponsandotherforbiddenitems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.borderguardsmadeusto

B.getoutofthecar

C.whiletheycheckeditfordrugs

D.otherforbiddenitems

E.沒有問題

【答案】A

【解析】介詞誤用。去掉to。make“使得；進(jìn)行”為使役動詞,后面一般跟動詞原形。

2.單選題

ItisverystrangebutIhadan（）thattheplanewouldcrash.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspiration

B.intuition

C.imagination

D.incentive

【答案】B

【解析】inspiration啟發(fā)靈感的人（或事物）,靈感;intuition直覺,直覺力；imagination想象力;incentive動機(jī)。句意：這很奇怪,但是直覺告訴我這架飛機(jī)會墜毀。

3.單選題

Sheturneddownthewell-paidjob,（

）notabletopickupherfour-year-oldsonfromkindergarten.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeconsidered

B.considering

C.beingconsidered

D.havingconsidered

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。從非謂語動詞做伴隨狀語的用法上分析，空格部分要填的動詞和主語she存在邏輯上主謂關(guān)系，排除A和C選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)D是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，表示動作發(fā)生在主語動作之前，不符合語境。故選B為最佳答案。句意為：考慮到?jīng)]辦法接送四歲的兒子上幼兒園，她放棄了報(bào)酬豐厚的工作。

4.翻譯題

如果把電壓加到電路的兩端，在電路中就會有電流流動。

【答案】Ifthevoltageisappliedtobothendsofthecircuit,therewillbecurrentflowinthecircuit.

5.單選題

Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories.VittorioColao,thebossofVodafone,whichoperatesorpartiallyownsnetworksin31countries,arguesthatthefarthersouthyougo,themorepeopleusetheirphones,evenpasttheequator:wherelifeislessorganized,peopleneedatool,forexampletorejigappointments.“Cultureinfluencesthelifestyle,andthelifestyleinfluencesthewaywecommunicate,hesays.“Ifyoudon’tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone.”

Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused.Forinstance,incountrieswheremanypeoplehaveholidayhomestheyaremorelikelytogiveoutamobilenumber,whichthenbecomesthedefaultwheretheycanbereached,thusunderminingtheuseoffixed-linephones.Technologiesarealways“bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturecontexts,”writesMizukoIto,ananthropologistattheUniversityofCaliforniainIrvine,whohasco-editedabookonJapan’smobile-phonesubculture.

Indeed,Japanisagoodexampleofhowsuchsubculturescomeabout.Inthe1990sAmericansandScandinavianswereearlyadoptersofmobilephones.ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileInternet.ForsometimeWired,amagazinefortechnologylovers,ranacolumncalled“JapaneseSchoolgirlWatch”，servingreaderswithastreamofmobileoddities.TheimplicationwasthatwhatJapaneseschoolgirlsdidoneday,everyoneelsewoulddothenext.

Thecountry’smobileboomwasarguablyencouragedbyunderlyingsocialconditions.Mostteenagershadlongusedpagerstokeepintouch.In1999NTT,Japan’sdominantoperator,launchedi-mode,aplatformformobile-internetservices.Itallowedcheape-mailsbetweennetworksandtheJapanesepromptlysignedupindrovesformobileinternet.MsItoalsopointsoutthatJapanisacrowdedplacewithlotsofrules.Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversationsandtalkingonthephoneinpublicisfrownedupon,ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices.

ThebestwaytograspJapan’smobilecultureistotakeacrowdedcommutertrain.Thereareplentyofsignsadvisingyounottouseyourphone.Everyfewminutesannouncementsaremadetothesameeffect.Ifyoudotakeacall,youriskmorethandisapprovinggazes.Passengersmayappealtoaguardwhowillquietlybutfirmlyexplain:damedesu?—it’snotallowed.Somestudiessuggestthattalking

onamobilephoneonatrainisseenasworsethaninatheatre.Instead,hushedpassengerstypeawayontheirhandsetsorreadmobile-phonenovels(writtenJapaneseallowsmoreinformationtobedisplayedonasmallscreenthanlanguagesthatusetheRomanalphabet).

1.Accordingtothepassage,anItalianwouldleavehisphoneoninameetingforwhichofthefollowingreason?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.TheauthorsuggeststhatJapanleadstheworldinthemobile-phonecultureinthat________.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheJapaneseteenagersarefondofthemobiledataservicesbecause_______。

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage,basedonitscontent?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heisafraidofmissingabusinessopportunity.

B.Hisfamilymembersmaycallhiminemergency.

C.Hethinksitisrudetoleaveacallunanswered.

D.Heneedstogetpostedaboutthelatestchangeintheworkschedule.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Howweuseourphonesreflectwherewelive.

B.Technologiesdeterminethewaywecommunicate.

C.Cultureinfluencesthedevelopmentoftechnologies.

D.Socialconditionsdictatethemobilefuture.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theJapanesearetheearliestmobilephoneusers

B.theJapanesearethechattiestmobilephoneusers

C.theJapaneseusemobileInternetearlyon

D.Japanprovidesthebestmobilephoneservices

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyliketoplayelectronicgames

B.theyliketotalktotheirfriendsonthephone

C.theycanreadnovelsonthephone

D.theycancommunicatewiththeirfriendsmoreconveniently

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheJapanesePhoneCulture.

B.CultureandTechnology.

C.AllAlike,AllDifferent.

D.Handy,IfYouAreThrifty.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，一個意大利人會在會議上開著手機(jī)，原因是什么？由題干定位到文章第一段最后一句“Ifyoudon’tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone”，說明他這么做是為了不錯過商機(jī)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：下列哪一項(xiàng)陳述最能得到文章的支持？第一段第三句提到文化影響生活方式，生活方式影響我們交流的方式，進(jìn)而影響到技術(shù)發(fā)展，可對應(yīng)C選項(xiàng)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：作者認(rèn)為日本在手機(jī)文化方面領(lǐng)先世界是因?yàn)開______。由題干定位到第三段第三句“ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileInternet”，后半句即為答案，與C選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：從文章中可以推斷，日本青少年喜歡移動數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)是因?yàn)開_____。由題干定位到第四段，“Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversations…ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices”，說明他們視為了方便與朋友們聯(lián)系。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.主旨題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章的內(nèi)容，下面哪個標(biāo)題是最合適的？本文主要通過一些實(shí)例講述了文化和技術(shù)的關(guān)系。第一段第三句即本文主題句。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Theemphasisonexaminationsisbyfarthe（）worstformofcompetitioninschools.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。negligent“疏忽的；大意的”；edible“可食用的”；fabulous“難以置信的；極好的”；disproportionate“不成比例的”，根據(jù)句子意思可知此處應(yīng)該填一個形容詞，并且是表示貶義的形容詞來形容“強(qiáng)調(diào)考試”這種糟糕的競賽方式，分析四個選項(xiàng)，只有disproportionate最恰當(dāng)。句意：對考試的強(qiáng)調(diào)是目前學(xué)校里面最不合理……競賽方式。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

7.單選題

Ajointcommunique,signedonAugust17,1982,arrestedtheprecipitousdeteriorationoftherelationsbetweenWashingtonandBeijingbutasalwaysseemedtopromisemorethanwouldbedelivered.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.propitious

B.precipitant

C.propensitious

D.frivolous

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)propitious“適合的；吉利的；順利的”；B選項(xiàng)precipitant“急促的；匆忙的；突如其來的；輕率的”；C選項(xiàng)propensitious不存在；D選項(xiàng)frivolous“無聊的；輕佻的；瑣碎的”。句意：1982年8月17日簽署的一份聯(lián)合公報(bào)制止了華盛頓和北京之間關(guān)系的急劇惡化，但一如既往地似乎承諾了更多的東西。precipitous“險(xiǎn)峻的；急躁的，魯莽的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Dave’s______imaginationenableshimtotellthemostamazingandentertainingstories.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tentative

B.whimsical

C.whining

D.querulous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tentative“試驗(yàn)性的，暫定的”，B項(xiàng)whimsical“古怪的，異想天開的”，C項(xiàng)whining是動詞whine的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“抱怨，發(fā)牢騷”，D項(xiàng)querulous“易怒的，暴躁的”。由后面的enableshimtotellthemostamazingandentertainingstories（能讓他講出最令人驚奇和有趣的故事）可知，______imagination表示“異想天開的想象力”。句意：戴夫異想天開的想象力使他能講出最令人驚奇和有趣的故事。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Isuggestweputtheschemeintoeffect,foritisquite______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eligible

B.sustainable

C.probable

D.feasible

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.eligible合格的，符合條件的B.sustainable（對自然資源和能源的利用）不破壞生態(tài)平衡的，合理利用的

C.probable很可能發(fā)生（或存在等）的D.feasible可行的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)主句的意思“我建議我們實(shí)施這個計(jì)劃”，可知，這個計(jì)劃是可行的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)指某人具備某種條件或資格去做某事；

B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】我建議我們實(shí)施這個計(jì)劃，因?yàn)樗芸尚小?/p>

10.單選題

Icouldn’tfind（）,andsoItookthisone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alargeenoughcoat

B.anenoughlargecoat

C.alargecoatenough

D.acoatenoughlarge

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞用法。句意：enough修飾名詞時放名詞前，如：Idon’thaveenoughmoney.修飾形容詞或副詞時放形容詞或副詞后，如：Youarenotcapableenoughtogetthisposition.所以本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。句意：我找不到足夠大的大衣，所以我拿了這一件。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Thecustomsinspectorwas______forsmugglers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ontheguard

B.onthewatch

C.onwatch

D.onalert

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)搭配不正確，應(yīng)為onguard“站崗，警惕，提防”；B選項(xiàng)onthewatch“留神，守候，注意”；C選項(xiàng)onwatch“值班，放哨，監(jiān)視”；D選項(xiàng)onalert“提防著，警惕著”。根據(jù)Thecustomsinspector（海關(guān)稽查員）與smugglers（走私者）可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：海關(guān)稽查員在密切關(guān)注著走私者。

12.單選題

Whethertheextensionofconsciousnessisa“goodthing”forhumanbeingisaquestionthat（）awidesolution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.admitsof

B.requiresof

C.needsof

D.seeksfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。admitof“容許，有……的可能”；requireof“需要，要求得到”；needof“需要”；seekfor“尋找；探索”。句意：意識的擴(kuò)展對人類來說是否是一件“好事”，這一個問題……一個廣泛的答案。“需要或?qū)で髲V泛的答案”都不符合語義；所以選擇admitof，表示“是一個可能有廣泛答案的問題”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Perhapsmostimportant,thereportcould_______morelight,thoughitdoesgivesome,onhowchildwelfareischangingovertime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glance

B.reckon

C.cast

D.resort

【答案】C

【解析】glance掃視,匆匆一看;reckon估計(jì),猜想;cast投,拋,計(jì)算;resort求助。castlighton使明白,使真相大白。句意：也許最重要的是,雖然報(bào)告中涉及了一些,但報(bào)告應(yīng)該讓我們明白,隨著時間的推移兒童福利正在發(fā)生怎樣的變化。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

14.單選題

Thenovelcontainssomemarvelousrevealing（）ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glances

B.glimpses

C.glares

D.gleamed

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)glance“瞥閃，掃視，匆匆一看”；B選項(xiàng)glimpse“瞥見”；C選項(xiàng)glare“怒目而視，瞪眼看；發(fā)出刺眼的光”；D選項(xiàng)gleamed“閃爍；隱約地閃現(xiàn)”。句意：這本小說包括對19世紀(jì)鄉(xiāng)村生活的一瞥，絕妙而富于啟發(fā)。glimpse“瞥見”，是glance的結(jié)果。“takeaglanceat...”（看一看）的結(jié)果便是“getaglimpseof...”（瞥見了），此句中，小說提到的是19世紀(jì)的鄉(xiāng)村生活，是結(jié)果不是看一看的動作。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.翻譯題

Forallyouspacebuffswholiketokeeptrackofwherethewateris,itlookslikeyoucanaddourveryownmoontoyourlist.BecauseaccordingtoatrioofpapersappearinginthejournalScience,thelunarsurfaceiswetterthanwerealized.

Fortyyearsago,Apolloastronautsbroughtabunchofmoonrocksbackhome.Forthemostpartthosesamplesshowednotracesofwaterwhatsoever.ThosethatseemedeventheslightestbitmoistwerethoughttohavebeencontaminatedbywaterfromEarth—becausethecontainerstheywerestoredinturnedouttobeleaky.

Butnowscientistssaythey’vespottedwaterrightonthemoon’ssurface.Usinginstrumentsonthreedifferentspacecraft,thescientistsdetectedthechemicalsignatureofgoodoldH2O.Andtheythinkthewaterspringsfromthemoonitself.Thelunarsoilisnearly50percentoxygen,andthescientiststhinkthathydrogencomesfromthesolarwindthatpoundsthemoon’ssurface.

Putthetwotogetherandyougetwet.Nottoowet,ofcourse.There’sprobablyonlyaboutaquartofwaterineverytonoflunarsoil.That’sdryerthantheSahara,butwetterthanwethought.

【答案】對于你們這些喜歡追蹤水在哪里的太空迷來說，看起來你們可以把我們自己的月球加入你們的名單。因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的三篇論文，月球表面比我們想象的要潮濕。

40年前，阿波羅宇航員帶回了一堆月球巖石。在大多數(shù)情況下，這些樣本沒有任何水的痕跡。那些看起來哪怕是最輕微的潮濕都被認(rèn)為是受到了來自地球的水的污染——因?yàn)樗鼈儍Υ娴娜萜髟瓉硎锹┧摹?/p>

但現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家稱他們已經(jīng)在月球表面發(fā)現(xiàn)了水。科學(xué)家們在三艘不同的宇宙飛船上使用儀器，探測到了古老的H2o的化學(xué)特征。他們認(rèn)為水來自月球本身。月球的土壤中有近50%是氧氣，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為氫氣來自撞擊月球表面的太陽風(fēng)。

把這兩者放在一起，你就濕了。當(dāng)然不會太濕。每噸月球土壤中大概只有一夸脫水。那里比撒哈拉沙漠干燥，但比我們想象的要潮濕。

16.單選題

Whengivinganygeneraloverviewofthedevelopmentanduseofmachinetranslation(MT)systemsandtranslationtools,itisimportanttodistinguishfourbasictypesoftranslationdemand.

Thefirst,andtraditionaltypeofdemandisfortranslationsofaqualitynormallyexpectedfromhumans,i.e.translationsofpublishablequality.ThisillustratestheuseofMTfordissemination.Ithasbeensatisfied,tosomeextent,bymachinetranslationsystemseversincetheywerefirstdevelopedinthe1960s.However,MTsystemproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or“controlled”invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.SomeMTsystemshave,however,beendevelopedtodealwithaverynarrowrangeoftextcontentandlanguagestyle,andthesemayrequirelittleornopreparationorrevisionoftexts.

Thesecondbasicdemandisfortranslationsatasomewhatlowerlevelofquality,whichareintendedforuserswhowanttofindouttheessentialcontentofaparticulardocument—andgenerally,asquicklyaspossible.Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.SinceMTsystemsdidnot(andstillcannot)producehighqualitytranslations,someusershavefoundthattheycanextractwhattheyneedtoknowfromtheuneditedoutput.Theywouldratherhavesometranslation,howeverpoor,thannotranslationatall.WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.

Thethirdtypeofdemand—MTforinterchange—comesfromtheneedforimmediatetranslationinordertoconveythebasiccontentofmessages.MTsystemsarefindinga“natural”role,sincetheycanoperatevirtuallyorinfactinreal-timeandon-lineandtherehasbeenlittleobjectiontotheinevitablepoorquality,andareusefulinproducingspokenlanguagetranslations,e.g.fortelephoneconversationsandbusinessnegotiations.Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.

Thefourthareaofapplicationisfortranslationwithinmultilingualsystemsofinformationretrieval,informationextraction,databaseaccess,etc.ThisfieldisthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropeatthepresenttime,whichhavetheaimofwideningaccessforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontosourcesofdataandinformationwhateverthesourcelanguage.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatinrenderingpublishabletranslationsofliteraryworks,（

）.

2.MTsystemswillmakefewerrorsif

（

）.

3.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,usersofMTforassimilation

（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatwiththeprogressivesophisticationofMTsystems,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.MTsystems’performanceissatisfactorytoasubstantialdegree

B.littlecouldbedonebyMTsystemsdevelopedsofar

C.MTsystemscandomuchbetterthanhumantranslators

D.considerablerevisiononMTproducedtextsisneeded

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextisstandard

B.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextissimplified

C.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextiscontrolled

D.theoriginaltextdealswithaspecializedsubject

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aregrowingfastinnumber

B.complainalotaboutitspoorquality

C.cangetlittlefromtheuneditedoutput

D.wouldratherhavenotranslationatall

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.onecancommunicateonthephonewithanotherwhospeaksadifferentlanguage

B.interpreterswillnolongerbeusefulininternationalnegotiationsorconferences

C.itwillbeonlynaturalthatpeoplewillfindlittleneedtolearnaforeignlanguage

D.peoplewillfindnocausetocomplainaboutthequalityoftextsturnedoutbythem

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第二段說到MT系統(tǒng)的問題出現(xiàn)在“However,MTsystemproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.然而，如果要達(dá)到要求的質(zhì)量，MTsystem所產(chǎn)生翻譯必須由人工譯者進(jìn)行修改或“后期編輯”。有時這樣的修改可能是實(shí)質(zhì)性的，因此MT系統(tǒng)實(shí)際上是在生成一個“草稿”翻譯。”說明MT系統(tǒng)翻譯出來的成品需要人工修改，D選項(xiàng)“需要對MT產(chǎn)生的文本進(jìn)行大量修訂”符合題意。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞fewerrors定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or‘controlled’invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.作為一種替代方法，輸入文本可以被正規(guī)化(或在詞匯和句子結(jié)構(gòu)上“受控”)，這樣機(jī)器翻譯系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的需要糾正的錯誤就很少。”因此條件就是“控制”輸入文本的語言。C選項(xiàng)“原文的語言被控制”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞assimilation定位到文章第三段第二句“Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.這一需求——使用MT進(jìn)行同化——在過去已經(jīng)得到滿足，實(shí)際上，它是最初為傳播應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)的副產(chǎn)品。”最后一句補(bǔ)充說到“WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.隨著市場上更便宜的基于pc的系統(tǒng)的出現(xiàn)，這種類型的使用（使用MT進(jìn)行同化）已經(jīng)迅速而顯著地增長。”由此可知A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)量正迅速增長”正確。

4.判斷推理題。題干中的theprogressivesophisticationofMTsystems“MT系統(tǒng)的逐步成熟”，說明問的是MT系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展勢頭，第四段最后一句說到“Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.語音識別與自動翻譯的融合問題顯然難以解決，但仍在不斷取得進(jìn)展。在未來——也許還是遙遠(yuǎn)的未來——我們可以期待在高度受限的領(lǐng)域中實(shí)現(xiàn)語音翻譯的在線機(jī)器翻譯系統(tǒng)。”由此可知未來的進(jìn)展可能出現(xiàn)在“在線機(jī)器語音翻譯”這方面，對比選項(xiàng)可得A選項(xiàng)“一個人可以通過電話與另一個說不同語言的人交流”符合文意。

17.單選題

TomandRachelLeihbachei’sfriendshavealwaysbeeninstrumentalintheirlives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.approachable

B.thoughtful

C.functional

D.helpful

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。instrumental表示“樂器的，有幫助的，儀器的”；A項(xiàng)approachable“親切友善的，易理解的，可接近的”，B項(xiàng)thoughtful“深思的，體貼的，關(guān)切的”，C項(xiàng)functional“功能的”，D項(xiàng)helpful“有幫助的，有益的”。句意：湯姆和雷切爾雷巴赫的朋友在他們的生活中一直很有幫助。根據(jù)句意可知，instrumental在句中表示“有幫助的”，D項(xiàng)的意思符合句子。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Thereexistsomeproposals,likecreatingaseriesoflasersthatwouldsweepthetrashbackintoouratmosphere,whereitwouldmostlybumup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.particles

B.garbage

C.dust

D.ashes

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.particles顆粒，微粒B.garbage垃圾；廢物

C.dust沙土，塵土；灰塵D.ashes灰燼

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】trash的意思為“廢物，垃圾”，這里指把垃圾掃到大氣層，garbage與之詞義相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】有人提出了一些建議，比如制造一系列激光，把垃圾掃回來，掃到我們的大氣層，大部分垃圾在大氣層都會燃燒。

19.單選題

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.

ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat"Gift"meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers,LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublic:buildingsormonuments,wedonothavemultilingualwaitersbankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.The,attitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives-usuallythericher-whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation'sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweare,slowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably（

）.

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir（

）.

3.Americanpeopleignoreculturaldifferencesinothercountriesbecause（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,Americanscultureblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill（

）.

5.Theauthor’sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standstill

B.stepforward

C.jumpaside

D.drawback

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.indifferencetowardsforeignaffairs

C.casualmanners

D.arrogancetowardsothercultures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theycanafforditwithpowerfuleconomyandgreatwealth

B.theyareaggressivebynatureandproudoftheirownculture

C.peopleinotherculturesrespecttheAmericanculture

D.peopleinotherculturesareparticularlytolerant

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.affecttheirimageinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollars

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第二段LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable提到拉丁裔人和中東人喜歡靠得更近并且彼此接觸，這讓美國人感到不舒服，因此可以推測，當(dāng)美國人遇上中東人這種靠近的行為會后退。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.standstill“站著不動，靜止不動”；stepforward“走出，向前進(jìn)”；jumpaside“閃開”；drawback“后退”。文章中的例子主要是用來批判美國人對自己文化的過分自信，而對他國文化的忽視（linguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualness）。選項(xiàng)A中的“文化自我中心”符合題意。

3.文章第六段Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.提到美國和美國人的文化愚昧和語言無知能夠維系是因?yàn)槊绹鞘澜缟献顝?qiáng)的國家，是資金和物資的提供者。由此可知，美國人之所以這樣文化自信，忽略他國文化，是因?yàn)楸緡慕?jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力足夠強(qiáng)大。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.文章第三段Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld提到由于語言和文化的無知和看到他國的品味、姿勢、習(xí)俗和語言等的態(tài)度，使得美國正在世界中失去朋友、生意和尊重。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.文章提到了美國對他國文化的盲目和無知導(dǎo)致他們會在生活上失去伙伴，會影響美國在世界事務(wù)中的地位，因此，熟悉他國的文化非常有必要。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.單選題

Hewasmeticulousincheckinghisaccounts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extremelyslow

B.incrediblyquick

C.excessivelycareful

D.unbelievablycare

【答案】C

【解析】meticulous意為一絲不茍的，小心翼翼的。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

21.單選題

Rockswhichhavesolidifieddirectlyfrommoltenmaterialsarecalledigneousrocks.Igneousrocksarecommonlyreferredtoasprimaryrocksbecausetheyaretheoriginalsourceofmaterialfoundinsedimentariesandmetamorphics.Igneousrockscomposethegreaterpartoftheearth’scrust,buttheyaregenerallycoveredatthesurfacebyarelativelythinlayerofsedimentaryormetamorphicrocks.Igneousrocksaredistinguishedbythefollowingcharacteristics:(1)theycontainnofossils;(2)theyhavenoregulararrangementoflayersand(3)theyarenearlyalwaysmadeupofcrystals.

Sedimentaryrocksarecomposedlargelyofminutefragmentsderivedfromthedisintegrationofexistingrocksandinsomeinstancesfromtheremainsofanimals.Assedimentsaretransported,individualfragmentsareassortedaccordingtosize.Distinctlayersofsuchsedimentsasgravel,sand,andclaybuildup,astheyaredepositedbywaterandoccasionallywind.Thesesedimentsvaryinsizewiththematerialandthepoweroftheerodingagent.Sedimentarymaterialsarelaiddowninlayerscalledstrata.

Whensedimentshardenintosedimentaryrocks,thenamesappliedtothemchangetoindicatethechangeinphysicalstate.Thus,smallstonesandgravelcementedtogetherareknownasconglomerates;cementedsandbecomessandstone;andhardenedclaybecomesshale.Inadditiontothese,othersedimentaryrockssuchaslimestonefrequentlyresultfromthedepositionofdissolvedmaterial.Theingredientpartsarenormallyprecipitatedbyorganicsubstances,suchasshellsofclamsorhardskeletonsofothermarinelife.

Bothigneousandsedimentaryrocksmaybechangedbypressure,heat,solution,orcementingaction.Whenindividualgrainsfromexistingrockstendtodeformandinterlock,theyarecalledmetamorphicrocks.Forexample,granite,anigneousrock,maybemetamorphosedintoagneissoraschist.Limestone,asedimentaryrock,whensubjectedtoheatandpressuremaybecomemarble,ametamorphicrock.Shaleunderpressurebecomesslate.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingaresedimentaryrocksEXCEPT（）.

3.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina（）.

4.Therelationshipbetweenigneousandsedimentaryrocksmaybestbecomparedtotherelationshipbetween（）.

5.Theauthor’stoneinthepassagecanbebestdescribedas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explainthefactorsthatmaycauserockstochangeinform

B.showhowthescientificnamesofrocksreflecttherock’scomposition

C.defineanddescribeseveraldiversekindsofrocks

D.differentiatebetweendifferentkindsofigneousrocks

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.shale

B.schist

C.sand

D.gravel

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.newspaperfeatureexplaininghowoilisfound

B.pamphletpromotingconservationofnaturalresources

C.teachingmanualaccompanyinganearthsciencetext

D.nonfictionbookexplainingwheretofindfossils

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.waterandland

B.sandandclay

C.nucleusandcellwall

D.leavesandcompost

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.meditative

C.concerned

D.ironic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章描述了igneousrocks火成巖、sedimentaryrocks沉積巖及metamorphicrocks變質(zhì)巖這三種巖石。因此判斷C項(xiàng)“定義和描述了幾種不同種類的巖石”正確。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文尾段“Forexample,granite,anigneousrock,maybemetamorphosedintoagneissoraschist.”，中文大意為：例如，屬于火成巖的花崗巖，可能變形成片麻巖或結(jié)晶片巖。B選項(xiàng)“片巖”正確，符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章描述了igneousrocks火成巖、sedimentaryrocks沉積巖及metamorphicrocks變質(zhì)巖這三種巖石，判斷C選項(xiàng)“附帶在地球科學(xué)課本上的教學(xué)手冊”，正確。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞igneousandsedimentaryrocks可以定位到原文第一段“Igneousrocksarecommonlyreferredtoasprimaryrocksbecausetheyaretheoriginalsourceofmaterialfoundinsedimentariesandmetamorphics.”，中文翻譯為：火成巖通常被稱為原生巖，因?yàn)樗鼈兪窃诔恋砦锖妥冑|(zhì)物體中被發(fā)現(xiàn)的原材料。故選D“樹葉和（樹葉）堆肥”。

5.【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通讀全文，作者的對三種巖石的描述都客觀的。因此A選項(xiàng)“客觀的”符合題意。

22.單選題

（）inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Losing

B.Havinglost

C.Lost

D.To

【答案】C

【解析】句意:陷入沉思后，他幾乎撞到前面的那輛車了。

語法題。考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)題干可知,空格處應(yīng)為一個非