書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-東北師范大學人文學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Seniorgovernmentfigures（）inthecover-up.

問題1選項

A.couldhaveacquired

B.musthaveacquiesced

C.mighthavedone

D.willhaverequired

【答案】B

【解析】句意:政府高級官員必然已經默許掩蓋真相。

考查短語辨析。空格處動詞與in搭配，后面接賓語cover-up(掩蓋，掩飾)。Acquiesceinsth.默然接受…；默許；順從。

2.單選題

Gluttonouswhenitcomestochocolate,Justineatsthisdecadenttreat_____.

問題1選項

A.furtively

B.fleetingly

C.voraciously

D.covertly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項“偷偷地”，B項“飛快地”，C項“貪婪地；狼吞虎咽地”，D項“偷偷摸摸地”。根據句意：一提到巧克力就饞嘴，Justin吃著這種頹廢的食物。因此只有C項符合。

3.單選題

They（

）theenemy’stelegramandwereabletowinfamousvictory.

問題1選項

A.discerned

B.decoded

C.posited

D.understood

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。discern意為“覺察出，識別”；decode意為“解(碼)，破譯(尤指密碼)”；posit意為“假定，設想”；understand意為“理解”。

句意：他們破解了敵人的電報，并贏得了著名的勝利。

4.單選題

Formuchoftheworld,thedeathofRichardNixonwastheendofacomplexpubliclife.Butresearcherswhostudybereavementwonderedifitdidn’talsosignifytheendofaprivategrief.Hadtheformerpresidentmerelyrunhisfourscoreandone,orhadhefallenvictimtoapatternthatseemstoafflictlongtimemarriedcouples;onespousequicklyfollowingtheothertothegrave?

Pat,Nixon’swifeof53,diedlastJuneafteralongillness.Nooneknowsforsurewhetherherdeathcontributedtohis.Afterall,hewaselderlyandhadahistoryofseriousheartdisease.Researchershavelongobservedthatthedeathofthespouseparticularlyawifeissometimesfollowedbytheuntimelydeathofthegrievingsurvivor.HistorianWillDurantdied13daysafterhiswifeandcollaborator,Ariel;BuckminsterFullerandhiswifediedjust36hoursapart.Isthismorethancoincidence?

“Partofthestory,Isuspect,isthatwemenaresousedtoladiesfeelingusandtakingcareofus,”saysKnulHelsing,anepidemiologistattheJohnHopkinsSchoolofPublicHealth,“thatwhenweloseawifewegotopieces.Wedon’tknowhowtotakecareofourselves.”InoneoftheseveralstudiesHelsinghasconductedonbereavement,hefoundthatwidowerswhoremarriedenjoyedthesamelowermortalityratesasmenwho’dneverbeenwidowed.

Women’shealthandresiliencemayalsosufferafterthelossofaspouse.Ina1987studyofwidows,researchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andUC,SanDiego,foundthattheyhadadramaticdeclineinlevelsofimportantimmune-systemcellsthatfightoffdisease.Earlierstudiesshowedreducedimmunityinwidowers.

Forbothmenandwomen,thestressoflosingaspousecanhaveaprofoundeffect.“Allsortsofpotentiallyharmfulmedicalproblemscanbeworsened,”saysGeraldDavision,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Peoplewithhighbloodpressure,forexample,mayseeitrise.InNixon’scase,Davisionspeculates,“thestroke,althoughnotcauseddirectlybythestress,wasprobablyhastenedbyit.”Depressioncanaffectthesurvivingspouse’swilltolive;suicideratesareelevatedinthebereaved,alongwithaccidentsnotinvolvingcars.

Involvementinlifehelpsprolongit.“Mortality,”saysDukeUniversitypsychiatristDanielBlazer,“ishigherinolderpeoplewithoutagoodsocial-supportsystem,whodon’tfeelthey’repartofagrouporafamily,thatthey‘fitin’somewhere.Andthat’smorecommonproblemformen,whotendnottohaveasmanyclosefriendshipaswomen.”“Thesuddenabsenceofroutinescanalsobeahealthhazard,”saysBlazer.“Apersonwholosesaspouseshowsdeteriorationinnormalhabitslikesleepingandeating,”hesays.“Theydon’thavetheotherpersontoorientthem,likewhendoyougotobed,whendoyouwakeup,whendoyoueat,whendoyoutakeyourmedication,whendoyougoouttotakeawalk?Yourpatternisnolongerlockedintosomeoneelse’spattern,soitdeteriorates.”Whileearlierstudiessuggestedthatthefirstsixmonthstoayear-orevenfirstweek—weretimesofhighermortalityforthebereaved,somenewerstudiesfindnospecialvulnerabilityinthisinitialperiod.Mostmenandwomen,ofcoursedonotasaresultofthelossofaspouse.Andtherearewaystoimprovetheodds.Astrongsenseofseparateidentityandlackofover-dependencyduringthemarriagearehelpful.Adultsonsanddaughters,siblingsandfriendsneedtopayspecialattentiontoanewlywidowedparent.Theycanmakesurethatheorsheissocializing,gettingpropernutritionandmedicalcare,expressingemotionandaboveall,feelingneededandappreciated.

6.ItisknownfromthepassagethatRichardNixondiedattheageof____.

7.Accordingtoresearcherswhostudybereavement,RichardNixon’sdeathmightbe____.

8.Inhisresearchonbereavement,Helsingfoundthat____.

9.Accordingtothepassageaspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto____.

10.Itissuggestedinthepassagethatwidowersorwidowssufferfromthedeathoftheirspousesbecausetheyare____.

問題1選項

A.73

B.81

C.77

D.65

問題2選項

A.causedbyhisheartdisease

B.indirectlylinkedtohiswife’sdeath

C.theinevitableresultofoldage

D.causedbyanunexplainableaccident

問題3選項

A.remarriedmenlivehealthierlives

B.unmarriedmenhavethelongestlifeexpectancies

C.remarriedwidowersdonothavehighermortalityratesthanthosewhohaveneverbeenwidowed

D.widowswereunaffectedbytheirspouses’death

問題4選項

A.losehisorherfriends

B.diminishsocialactivities

C.bevulnerabletoillness

D.rejecthisorherchildren’scare

問題5選項

A.unpreparedforindependenceduringthemarriage

B.incapableoftakingcareofthemselvesduringthemarriage

C.unwillingtosocializewithothersduringthemarriage

D.tooindulgentduringthemarriage

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】6.【選項釋義】

ItisknownfromthepassagethatRichardNixondiedattheageof____.從文中可知，RichardNixon去世時年齡為____。

A.73A.73歲

B.81B.81歲

C.77C.77歲

D.65D.65歲

【考查點】事實細節題

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞RichardNixondied定位到原文第一段。本段第3句提到“這位前總統活了81歲（hisfourscoreandone）”，由此可知，B選項“81歲”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】A選項“73歲”、C選項“77歲”、D選項“65歲”均不符合原文表述。

7.【選項釋義】

Accordingtoresearcherswhostudybereavement,RichardNixon’sdeathmightbe____.據研究喪親之痛的研究人員稱，RichardNixon的去世可能是____。

A.causedbyhisheartdiseaseA.是由心臟病引起的

B.indirectlylinkedtohiswife’sdeathB.與他妻子的死有間接聯系

C.theinevitableresultofoldageC.老年的必然結果

D.causedbyanunexplainableaccidentD.是由一場無法解釋的事故造成的

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題要求選的是研究人員的觀點。根據題干關鍵詞researcherswhostudybereavement可定位到原文第1段第2-3句，該句提到“研究喪親之痛的研究人員（researcherswhostudybereavement）”想知道Nixon的去世“僅僅是因為他已經活到81歲了（merelyrunhisfourscoreandone）”，還是因為“陷入了一種長期以來困擾著已婚夫婦的模式（fallenvictimtoapattern）：一個配偶很快就會跟著另一個進入墳墓（onespousequicklyfollowingtheothertothegrave）”，而且原文第2段第1句提到“Nixon的妻子久病后在前一年六月去世（died）。”并且第2段第4句提到“研究人員長期以來觀察到（havelongobserved），配偶特別是妻子的去世，有時會伴隨悲傷的幸存者過早死亡（followedbytheuntimelydeathofthegrievingsurvivor）”。綜上所述，根據研究人員的研究內容推測，他們認為Nixon去世可能與他妻子的死有關，B選項“與他妻子的死有間接聯系”表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“是由心臟病引起的”，可定位到原文第2段第3句，該句提到他“有嚴重的心臟病病史（hadahistoryofseriousheartdisease）”，但這不是研究人員認為的原因；

C選項“老年的必然結果”，可定位到原文第2段第3句，該句提到“他已經老了（hewaselderly）”，但這也不是研究人員認為的原因；

D選項“是由一場無法解釋的事故造成的”,原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

8.【選項釋義】

Inhisresearchonbereavement,Helsingfoundthat____.在關于喪親之痛的研究中，Helsing發現____。

A.remarriedmenlivehealthierlivesA.再婚的男人過著更健康的生活

B.unmarriedmenhavethelongestlifeexpectanciesB.未婚男性的預期壽命最長

C.remarriedwidowersdonothavehighermortalityratesthanthosewhohaveneverbeenwidowedC.再婚鰥夫的死亡率并不高于從未喪偶的人

D.widowswereunaffectedbytheirspouses’deathD.寡婦不受配偶死亡的影響

【考查點】事實細節題

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞hisresearchonbereavement和Helsing定位到原文第3段最后一句，該句提到“他發現再婚的鰥夫與從未喪偶的男性一樣有較低死亡率（thesamelowermortalityrates）。”由此可知，C選項“再婚鰥夫的死亡率并不高于從未喪偶的人”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“再婚的男人過著更健康的生活”，原文并未提及，并且沒有明確比較對象，不符合題意，屬于無中生有；

B選項“未婚男性的預期壽命最長”，原文并未提及，不是Helsing的研究內容，不符合題意，屬于無中生有；

D選項“寡婦不受配偶死亡的影響”，不是Helsing的研究發現，并且根據原文第4段第1句的內容，該選項表述錯誤，該句提到“失去配偶后，婦女的健康和恢復能力也可能受到影響（sufferafterthelossofaspouse）。”

9.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassageaspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto____.根據這篇文章，配偶的死亡可以導致幸存的一方____。

A.losehisorherfriendsA.失去朋友

B.diminishsocialactivitiesB.減少社交活動

C.bevulnerabletoillnessC.容易生病

D.rejecthisorherchildren’scareD.拒絕孩子的照顧

【考查點】事實細節題

【解題思路】根據題干關鍵詞aspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto定位到原文第4段最后一句，該句提到“早期的研究表明，喪偶者免疫力下降（reducedimmunity）”；原文第5段第2句提到“各種可能有害的醫療問題都可能惡化（beworsened）。”由此可知，失去配偶的一方，免疫能力下降，現有的疾病容易惡化，C選項“容易生病”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“失去朋友”，可定位到原文第6段第3句，該句提到“男性沒有女性那么多親密的友誼（tendnottohaveasmanyclosefriendshipaswomen）”，由此可知，原文并不是說“失去配偶的人會失去朋友”，該選項屬于偷換概念；

B選項“減少社交活動”，可定位到原文第6段第1句，該句提到“參與生活（Involvementinlife）有助于延長生命。”第6段最后一句提到“他們（子女們）可以確保他或她在社交（socializing）”。由此可知，原文表達的是讓失去配偶的一方參與生活，進行社交，這樣有利于延長壽命，并沒有說“失去配偶的人會減少社交”，該選項屬于偷換概念；

D選項“拒絕孩子的照顧”，原文第6段倒數第2句提到，專家建議“成年子女、兄弟姐妹和朋友們需要特別關注（payspecialattention）新近喪偶的父母。”原文并沒有說“失去配偶的人會拒絕孩子的照顧”，反而說孩子們要多關注他們，該選項屬于無中生有。

10.【選項釋義】

Itissuggestedinthepassagethatwidowersorwidowssufferfromthedeathoftheirspousesbecausetheyare____.文章中暗示，鰥夫或寡婦遭受配偶死亡的痛苦，因為他們____。

A.unpreparedforindependenceduringthemarriageA.婚姻期間沒有獨立的準備

B.incapableoftakingcareofthemselvesduringthemarriageB.婚姻期間不能照顧自己

C.unwillingtosocializewithothersduringthemarriageC.婚姻期間不愿與他人交往

D.tooindulgentduringthemarriageD.在婚姻中過于沉溺

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據題干，本題詢問的是“鰥夫或寡婦因配偶死亡而痛苦”的原因。通讀全篇可知，本文主要論述“失去配偶的一方也容易跟著去世”，原文第6段倒數第3句提到“在婚姻中保持強烈的獨立意識（Astrongsenseofseparateidentity）和不過度依賴（lackofover-dependency）是有幫助的。”由此推斷，他們痛苦的原因可能是過度依賴配偶，突然失去，難以接受，D選項“在婚姻中過于沉溺”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“婚姻期間沒有獨立的準備”，原文說他們在婚姻期間不夠獨立，不是說“他們在婚姻期間沒有為獨立做準備”，該選項屬于偷換概念；

B選項“婚姻期間不能照顧自己”，可定位到原文第3段，第1句提到了約翰霍普金斯大學公共衛生學院（theJohnHopkinsSchoolofPublicHealth）的流行病學家KnulHelsing的觀點，他認為“部分原因（Partofthestory）是男人們太習慣了讓女人（sousedtoladies）感受、照顧我們，以至于失去妻子后，就會崩潰（gotopieces），不知道如何照顧自己（don’tknowhowtotakecareofourselves）。”由此可知，不能照顧自己可能是鰥夫們痛苦的原因，不是寡婦們痛苦的原因，該選項屬于以偏概全；

C選項“婚姻期間不愿與他人交往”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

5.單選題

The（）ofthelakeiscoveredwithreedsandrushes.

問題1選項

A.bank

B.shore

C.band

D.coast

【答案】A

【解析】bank岸,淺灘；shore海濱；band環,樂隊；coast海岸。選項B和D多指海,選項C不符合句意。只有選項A正確。

6.單選題

Perhapsallcriminalsshouldberequiredtocarrycardswhichread:Fragile:HandlewithCare.Itwillneverdo,thesedays,togoaroundreferringtocriminalsasviolentthugs.Youmustrefertothempolitelyas“socialmisfits”.Theprofessionalkillerwhowouldn’tthinktwiceaboutusinghiscluborknifetobattersomeharmlessoldladytodeathinordertorobherofhermeagerlife-savingsmustneverbegivenadoseofhisownmedicine.Heisinneedof“hospitaltreatment”.Accordingtohismisguideddefenders,societyistoblame.Awickedsocietybreedsevil-orsotheargumentgoes.Whenyoulistentothiskindoftalk,itmakesyouwonderwhyaren’tallcriminals.Wehavedoneawaywiththeabsurdlyharshlawsofthenineteenthcenturyandthisisonlyright.Butsurelyenoughisenough.ThemostsenselesspieceofcriminallegislationinBritainandanumberofothercountrieshasbeenthesuspensionofcapitalpunishment.

Theviolentcriminalhasbecomeakindofhero-figureinourtime.Heisglorifiedonthescreen;heispursuedbythepressandpaidvastsumsofmoneyforhis“memoirs”.Newspaperswhichspecializeincrimereportingenjoyenormouscirculationsandthepublishersoftrashycopsandrobbersstoriesor“murdermysteries”haveneverhaditsogood.Whenyoureadabouttheachievementsofthegreattrainrobbery,itmakesyouwonderwhetheryouarereadingaboutsomegloriousresistancemovement.Thehardenedcriminaliscuddledandcossetedbythesociologistsontheonehandandadoredasaherobythemassesontheother.It’snowonderheisaprivilegedpersonwhoexpectsandreceivesVIPtreatmentwhereverhegoes.

Capitalpunishmentusedtobeamajordeterrent.Itmadetheviolentrobberthinktwicebeforepullingthetrigger.Itgavethecold-bloodedprisonersomethingtoponderaboutwhilehewasshakinguporservinghisarseniccocktail.Itpreventedunarmedpolicemenfrombeingkilledwhilepursuingtheirdutybykillersarmedwithautomaticweapons.Aboveall,itprotectedthemostvulnerablemembersofsociety,youngchildren,frombrutalviolence.Itishorrifyingtothinkthatthecriminalcanliterallygetawaywithmurder.Weallknowthat“lifesentence”doesnotmeanwhatitsays.Aftertenyearsorsoofgoodconduct,themostdesperatevillainisfreetoreturntosocietywherehewillliveverycomfortably,thankyou,ontheproceedsofhiscrime,orhewillgooncommittingoffencesuntilheiscaughtagain.

Peoplearealwayswillingtoholdliberalviewsattheexpenseofothers.It’salwaysfashionabletoposeasthedefenderoftheunder-dog,solongasyou,personally,remainunaffected.Didthedefendersofcrime,onewonders,intheirdesireforfair-play,consultthevictimsbeforetheysuspendedcapitalpunishment?Hardly,youseetheycouldn’t,becauseallthevictimsweredead.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sopinion?

2.Thetonetakenbytheauthortowardsthesedefendersofcrimeinthepassageis（

）.

3.“Capitalpunishment”mostprobablymeans（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Allcriminalsshouldberequiredtocarrycardswhichread:Fragile:HandlewithCare.

B.Capitalpunishmentistheonlywaytodetercriminals.

C.Societyistoblame.

D.Allcriminalsneedhospitaltreatment.

問題2選項

A.ironical.

B.critical.

C.agitated.

D.controversial.

問題3選項

A.lifesentence.

B.severepunishment

C.fine.

D.sentenceofdeath

問題4選項

A.Therehasbeenamarkedtrendinsocietytowardsthehumanetreatmentoflessfortunatemembers.

B.Everybodyinsocietythinksitreasonablethatallcriminalsshouldbepunished.

C.Theauthorsympathizeswithallcriminals.

D.Robbersusuallythinktwicebeforeshooting.

問題5選項

A.Professionalkillersshouldnotbetreatedwithhumanetreatment.

B.Theviolentrobbersshouldthinktwicebeforepullingthetrigger.

C.Weshouldgivetheprisonertimetoponderaboutwhileheisshakinguporservinghisarseniccocktail.

D.Severepunishment,evendeathpenalty,shouldbegiventocriminals.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節題。第三段指出:Capitalpunishmentusedtobeamajordeterrent(死刑是主要的威懾力量),故選B。

2.態度方向。根據題干關鍵詞定位至最后:Didthedefendersofcrime,onewonders,intheir

desireforfair-play,consultthevictimsbeforetheysuspendedcapitalpunishment?Hardly,youseetheycouldn’t,becauseallthevictimsweredead(罪犯的辯護人認為要公平，那是不是在執行死刑前要咨詢受害者意見呢？顯然這是不可能的，因為所有的受害者都死了)。據此可見作者的預期是具諷刺意味的。

3.詞義題。“Capitalpunishment”指的是“判死刑”。

4.細節題。B項：大家都認為所有罪犯都應受到懲罰。文章中并未提到，故排除。C項：作者同情犯罪分子。作者對犯罪分子的態度是否定的，故排除。D項：職業殺手會三思而后行,與文章內容不符。

5.推斷題。根據全文大意,可知D項(對犯罪分子要從重處罰，甚至死刑)正確。

7.單選題

Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?

Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocietiesinwhichwelive.Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstoftheseistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofappliedknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Throughtechnology,scienceimprovesthestructureofsocietyandhelpsmantogainincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment.Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.

Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosity—hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.

Heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjectiveandapplieslogicalthoughttotheobservationshemakes.Heutilizesthefactsheobservestothefullestextent.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum.

Heisskeptical—hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable—andthereforerejectsauthorityasthesolebasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelytoverifythem.

Furthermore,heisnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,butalsoofhisown,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.

Lastly,heishighlyimaginativesinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstomakehypothesesofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.Thereseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.

1.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutcuriosity（

）?

3.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldnot（

）.

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss（

）?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetopic（

）?

問題1選項

A.appliedknowledge

B.morethanoneaspect

C.technologyonly

D.theuseofmachines

問題2選項

A.Itgivesthescientistconfidenceandpleasureinwork.

B.Itgivesrisetointerestinproblemsthatareunexplained.

C.Itleadstoeffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.

D.Itencouragesthescientisttolookfornewwaysofacting.

問題3選項

A.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements.

B.easilycriticizeothers’researchwork.

C.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork.

D.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation.

問題4選項

A.Applicationoftechnology.

B.Progressinmodernsociety.

C.Scientists’waysofthinkingandacting.

D.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist.

問題5選項

A.Critical.

B.Objective.

C.Biased.

D.Unclear.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實細節題。題干：很多人相信科學通過_______幫助社會進步。通過題干關鍵詞“Manypeoplebelieve”定位到第二段第二句Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience（然而，許多人認為，我們的進步取決于科學的兩個不同方面），這里明確指出社會進步要靠twodifferentaspectsofscience，因此B選項正確。A選項“應用知識”，C選項“僅靠技術”，D選項“利用機器”，A，C，D選項都不夠全面。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為B選項。

2.細節判斷題。題干：關于好奇心，以下哪個選項不正確？由題干中的“curiosity”定位至第三段。第三句和第四句對科學家的好奇心進行了詳細解釋。第三句指出Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected（他通常把注意力放在那些沒有令人滿意的解釋的問題上，他的好奇心使他尋找潛在的關系，即使可用的數據似乎是毫無關聯的），選項B對應前一個分句，選項C對應and后的第二個分句。末句Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.（此外，他認為他可以改善現有的條件，并樂于嘗試解決其中涉及的問題。），表示他對自己有信心，且從這一過程獲得愉悅，即pleasure，A也符合文意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為D選項。

3.細節判斷題。通過文章可知，一個成功的科學家不會_________。根據第六段首句的內容，選項A中的uncheckedstatements是對“statementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable”的概括，說明成功的可科學家不應該輕信沒有檢驗的結論，故選A。選項B“容易批判別人的研究工作”與第七段首句的含義一致，所以排除B選項，選項C“在工作中經常利用想象力”和最后一段第一句表達的意思重合，所以排除C選項，選項D“經常利用通過觀察得到的證據”和倒數第三段第一句表達的意思重合，所以排除D選項。故排除。從文中可知，科學家不是很容易相信沒有檢驗的結論，但是他不僅批判別人的工作，還批判自己的工作，工作時需要想象力，充分利用自己觀察所得。綜上所述，本題正確答案是A選項。

4.主旨大意題。題干：文章主要討論的是？文章開篇通過一個文句引出對科學態度的本質的思考，第二段和第三段介紹了社會進步以來與科學的兩個方面，之后第四段首句通過一個問句引出全文主題。后面的內容都是對這個主題的具體說明。末段對這一主旨進行概括，可見本文的主要內容是關注methodsofthinkingandacting，故選C。A、B、D選項均不符合題意。綜上所述，本題正確答案是C選項。

5.觀點態度題。在第四段提出本文主旨后，作者就逐一介紹成功科學家的思維和行為方式。文中沒有任何正面或負面評價，可見作者在文中是非常客觀地說明成功科學家的思維和行為方式，故選B“客觀的”。A選項“批評的”，C選項“有偏見的”和D選項“不清楚的”，均不是作者的觀點。綜上所述，本題正確答案是B選項。

8.單選題

To（

）theriskoftheft,installagoodalarmsystem.

問題1選項

A.decrease

B.minimize

C.limit

D.eliminate

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項decrease“減少，降低”；B選項minimize“最小化”；C選項limit“限制”；D選項eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：為了消除被盜的風險，安裝一個好的報警系統。選項D符合句意。

9.單選題

Esperantoiswhatiscalledaplanned,orartificial,language.ItwascreatedmorethanacenturyagobyPolisheyedoctorLudwikLazarZamenhof.Zamenhofbelievedthatacommonlanguagewouldhelptoalleviatesomeofthemisunderstandingsamongcultures.

InZamenhof’sfirstattemptatauniversallanguage,hetriedtocreatealanguagethatwasasuncomplicatedaspossible.Thisfirstlanguageincludedwordssuchasab,ac,ba,eb,be,andce.Thisdidnotresultinaworkablelanguageinthatthesemonosyllabicwords,thoughshort,werenoteasytounderstandortoretain.

Next,Zamenhoftriedadifferentwayofconstructingasimplifiedlanguage.Hemadethewordsinhislanguagesoundlikewordsthatpeoplealreadyknew,buthesimplifiedthegrammartremendouslyOneexampleofhowhesimplifiedthelanguagecanbeseeninthesuffixes:allnounsinthislanguageendino,asinthenounamiko,whichmeans"friend,"andalladjectivesendin-a,asintheadjectivebeta,whichmeans"pretty"Anotherexampleofthesimplifiedlanguagecanbeseenintheprefixmal-,whichmakesawordoppositeinmeaning;thewordmalamikothereforemeans"enemy,"andthewordmalbelathereforemeans"ugly"inZamenhofslanguage.

In1887,Zamenhofwroteadescriptionofthislanguageandpublishedit.Heusedapenname,Dr.Esperanto,whensigningthebook.HeselectedthenameEsperantobecausethiswordmeans"apersonwhohopes"inhislanguage.EsperantoclubsbeganpoppingupthroughoutEurope,andby1905EsperantohadspreadfromEuropetoAmericaandAsia.

In1905,theFirstWorldCongressofEsperantotookplaceinFrance,withapproximately700attendeesfrom20differentcountries.Congresseswereheldannuallyfornineyears,and4,000attendeeswereregisteredfortheTenthWorldEsperantoCongressscheduledfor1914,whenWorldWarIeruptedandforceditscancellation.

EsperantohashaditsupsanddownsintheperiodsinceWorldWarI.Today,yearsafteritwasintroduced,itisestimatedthatperhapsaquarterofamillionpeoplearefluentinit.Currentadvocateswouldliketoseeitsusegrowconsiderablyandaretakingstepstotrytomakethishappen.

1.Thetopicofthispassageis（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,Zamenhofwantedtocreateauniversallanguage（）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheEsperantowordmalesperameans（）.

4.Lookattheexpression“poppingup”inParagraph4.Thisexpressioncouldbestbereplacedby（）.

5.Thepassagefollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusses（）.

問題1選項

A.alanguagedevelopedinthelastfewyears

B.oneman'seffortstocreateauniversallanguage

C.howlanguagecanbeimproved

D.usinglanguagetocommunicateinternationally

問題2選項

A.toresolveculturaldifferences

B.toprovideamorecomplexlanguage

C.tobuildanameforhimself

D.tocreateoneworldculture

問題3選項

A.hopelessness.

B.hope.

C.hopeless

D.hopeful.

問題4選項

A.leaping

B.shouting

C.hiding

D.opening

問題5選項

A.howcurrentsupportersofEsperantoareencouragingitsgrowth

B.anotherofZamenhof’saccomplishments

C.thedisadvantagesofusinganartificiallanguage

D.attemptstoreconvenetheWorldCongressofEsperantointhe1920s.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】

1.通讀全文可知,本文主要是講Zamenhof發明了一種通用語—Esperanto(世界語)以及世界語的發展歷程。選項B符合原文主題。

2.根據第一段的最后一句“Zamenhofbelievedthatacommonlanguagewouldhelptoalleviatesomeofthemisunderstandingsamongcultures.”Zamenhof認為,一種共同的語言有助于緩解文化之間的一些誤解。選項A解決文化差異符合原文。

3.根據第三段的最后一句“Anotherexampleofthesimplifiedlanguagecanbeseenintheprefixmal-,whichmakesawordoppositeinmeaning;”帶mal-前綴的詞表示相反的意思,而malespera以-a結尾,應該為形容詞,所以選項C正確。

4.根據句意：世界語俱樂部開始在歐洲各地,到1905年世界語已經從歐洲傳播到美洲和亞洲。選項D符合原文語境。

5.根據最后一段的最后一句“目前的倡導者希望看到它的使用大幅增長,并正在采取措施,試圖實現這一點。”接下來講的內容應該是世界語目前的支持者是如何鼓勵其發展的,選項A符合原文。

10.單選題

Thefitnessmovementthatbeganinthelate1960sandearly1970scenteredaroundaerobicexercise.Millionsofindividualsbecame（1）inavarietyofaerobicactivities,and（2）thousandsofhealthspas（3）aroundthecountrytocapitalizeonthis（4）interestinfitness,particularlyaerobicdancingforfemales.Anumberoffitnessspasexisted（5）tothisaerobicfitnessmovement,evenanationalchainwithspasinmostmajorcities.However,their（6）wasnotonaerobics,（7）onweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,（8）,andenduranceintheirprimarilymale（9）.Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefit（10）fromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprograms（11）few,if（12）,healthbenefits.Inrecentyears,however,weighttraininghasagainbecomeincreasingly（13）formalesandforfemales.Many（14）programsfocusnotonlyondevelopingmuscularstrengthandendurancebutonaerobicfitnessaswell.（15）,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarily（16）suchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedto（17）inathletics.（18）,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealth（19）aswell.TheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicinenow（20）thatweighttrainingbepartofatotalfitnessprogramforhealthyAmericans.

問題1選項

A.imposed

B.engaged

C.confined

D.illustrated

問題2選項

A.affluently

B.eligibly

C.gorgeously

D.literally

問題3選項

A.enhanced

B.manifested

C.developed

D.established

問題4選項

A.emerging

B.hovering

C.intriguing

D.mingling

問題5選項

A.prior

B.entitled

C.liable

D.subjected

問題6選項

A.action

B.focus

C.cements

D.snap

問題7選項

A.or

B.orelse

C.and

D.butrather

問題8選項

A.strength

B.nutrition

C.tolerance

D.ambition

問題9選項

A.practitioners

B.enthusiasts

C.referees

D.recipients

問題10選項

A.financially

B.particularly

C.legitimately

D.excessively

問題11選項

A.presented

B.offered

C.indicated

D.demonstrated

問題12選項

A.something

B.some

C.anything

D.any

問題13選項

A.popular

B.vigorous

C.intelligible

D.formidable

問題14選項

A.current

B.primitive

C.uneven

D.incredible

問題15選項

A.Practically

B.Eventually

C.Essentially

D.Historically

問題16選項

A.because

B.ifonly

C.although

D.nowthat

問題17選項

A.performance

B.harassment

C.identification

D.portrayal

問題18選項

A.Moreover

B.Therefore

C.However

D.Anyway

問題19選項

A.advantages

B.benefits

C.interests

D.profits

問題