PAGEUNIT1ScienceandScientistsA組·基礎鞏固Ⅰ.語法填空AWaybackin1674,afroghelpedAntonievanLeeuwenhoekmakeanincrediblediscovery.AntoniewasanamateurscientistfromHolland,sofascinatedbymicroscopes1.________he'dbuiltsomeofhisown.Onerainyday,ashewentforawalk,aleapingfrog2.________(draw)hisattentiontoapuddle.Antoniecollectedadropofpuddlewaterandputit3.________hismicroscope.Hewasamazed4.________(see)awholecommunityofcreaturesswimminginthisonedrop—tinybeingsnoonehadeverseenbefore.Thesetinybeings,calledmicrobes,areeverywhere:indirt,infoodandonyourkitchentable.People5.________(cover)inthem,too.6.________youweretocountallthemicrobesonandinsideyourbody,youwouldfindyourbodyhasmoremicrobesthantheworldhaspeople—over6billion!Microbescan'tsurviveon7.________(they)own.Theyneedfood.After8.________(settle)intoahome—you,forinstance—theystealvitaminsandothernutrientsandleavebehinddeadcellsandpoisonousliquidscalledtoxins.Somemicrobescanmakeyousick.Peopleusuallycalltheseonesgerms.9.________(lucky)foryou,therearemore10.________(help)microbes,workingtogethertokeepyouhealthy,thanbadones.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，通過安東尼用顯微鏡發現水滴中的微生物引出話題，指出微生物無處不在，但大多數微生物對人類是有益的。1.that考查連詞。句意：安東尼是一位來自荷蘭的業余科學家，他對顯微鏡太入迷了以至于他自己做了幾個。根據so可知本空應用that引導結果狀語從句。2.drew考查動詞時態。句意：在一個雨天，他散步的時候，一只跳躍的青蛙使他注意到一個水坑。根據Onerainyday可知，本句應用一般過去時，故填drew。3.under考查介詞。句意：安東尼收集了一滴水坑的水，并把它放在他的顯微鏡下。根據常識可知，要把物體放到顯微鏡下面觀察，故應用介詞under“在……下面”。4.tosee考查不定式。句意：他吃驚地看見一整個生物群落正在這一滴水中游動。beamazedtodosth.為固定用法，意為“吃驚地做某事”。5.arecovered考查動詞時態和語態。根據語境可知，此處講述客觀事實，應用一般現在時；本句中的cover和主語People之間是被動關系，故應用一般現在時的被動語態，故填arecovered。6.If考查連詞。句意：如果你要數你身體上和身體內所有的微生物，你會發現你的身體有比世界上的人數還要多的微生物——超過60億！根據語境可知，本空應用連詞If引導條件狀語從句。7.their考查代詞。onone'sown為固定用法，意為“單獨地，獨自地”。8.settling考查動名詞。句意：在宿主——比如你——體內定居后，它們會偷走維生素和其他營養物質，留下死細胞和被稱為毒素的有毒液體。介詞After后要用動名詞形式，故本空應填settling。9.Luckily考查副詞。句意：對你來說幸運的是，比起有害的微生物，有更多的有益微生物共同努力讓你保持健康。副詞Luckily放在句首，修飾整個句子。10.helpful考查形容詞。根據語境可知，本空應用形容詞修飾名詞microbes，故應填形容詞helpful。BImagineflyingthroughspaceinarocket.Whenyouland,youhoprightontothemoon.Withvirtualreality(VR),studentsdon'tneed1.________(imagine)it.Theycanexperienceitanddon'tevenhavetoleave2.________(they)classroom.ManyteachersarestartingtouseVR.Monicaisathird-gradeteacher,3.________worksatBoroughSchool,inMorrisPlains,NewJersey.Herstudents4.________(witness)the1969moonlandingwithVR.“Somestudentswerefullof5.________(anxious).Theythoughttheyweregoingtogetdizzy，”shesaid,“buttheylovedit.”Katelynwas10whenshetriedit.Shelikedgoingtothemoonbetterthan6.________(look)atpicturesoftheevent.“Itwasso7.________(wonder)andsolifelike，”shesays.Virtualrealityallowsuserstoexplorea3Dsettingwithacomputer.Theywearaheadsetovertheireyesandsometimeswearheadphonesforsound.Userssayitfeels8.________jumpingintoavideogame.Someparentsandteachers9.________(concern)aboutVR.Thefirstproblemisthecostbecausemanyschoolsdonothaveenoughmoneyfortheheadsets.The10.________problemisthatitmaybetoomuchtechnologyforyoungeyesandyoungminds.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是在高科技教室里，虛擬現實技術可以使學生們不用離開教室就能親身體驗像登月這樣的重大事件。1.toimagine考查動詞不定式。根據前面的don'tneed可知，此處need為實義動詞，后接動詞不定式作賓語。2.their考查形容詞性物主代詞。此處作名詞classroom的定語，故要用their。3.who考查定語從句。根據句子結構可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為athird-gradeteacher,在從句中作主語，故要用who。4.witnessed考查動詞時態。根據后面的詳細描述可知，此處為過去發生的行為，故要用一般過去時。5.anxiety考查名詞。此處作動詞短語befullof的賓語，故要用名詞形式。6.looking考查動詞的-ing形式。根據句子結構可知，此處要與goingtothemoon保持一致，也就是說比較對象要保持一致。7.wonderful考查形容詞。此處為系動詞was的表語，且前面有so修飾，故要用形容詞形式。8.like考查介詞。固定搭配feellikedoing...“感覺像是……”。9.areconcerned考查固定搭配。固定搭配beconcernedabout“關心，擔心，掛念”。10.second考查序數詞。根據前面的Thefirstproblem可知，此處應該表示“第二個問題是……”。Ⅱ.根據提示補全句子1.所有乘客在登機前必須把行李進行安檢。(havesth.done)Allthepassengersarerequiredtohave_their_luggage_checkedbeforeboardingtheplane.2.傾聽別人時，不要忘記輕輕點頭以表示你是感興趣的。(狀語從句的省略)When_listening_to_others,don'tforgettonodslightlyonceinawhiletoshowyouareinterested.3.我經常做瘋狂的夢，夢見此事故是我造成的。(blame)Ioftenhadcrazydreamsin_which_I_was_to_blame_for_the_accident.4.似乎任何事情都不能使他的信心受挫。(seem)It_seemed_thatnothingcoulddenthisconfidence.5.當老板不在時，他負責整個公司。(charge)Hewas_in_charge_of/took_charge_of_the_companywhilethebosswasabsent.B組·能力提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解AWhenitcomestimefortheholidayshoppingseason,we'reextrachoosyaboutthecountlesstechnologyproductsthatwewillbuyandgivetofriendsandfamily.Herearethreetechgiftsthatimpressededitors,reportersandproducersthemost.LumosMatrixIrecentlyboughtaLumosMatrixhelmet(頭盔)($229)withbuilt-inlightstomakeridingmybikeatnightalotsaferandlessstressful.It'saregularpainpointforbikerslikemetomakesureabsent-mindeddriversseeyou,especiallywhenit'sdark.Thisdefinitelyhelps.—MattMcFarland,WriterGoodreadsappAlthoughthisisn'tagift,thefreeGoodreadsappisagamechanger.Atthebeginningofthisyear,IpromisedmyselfI'dreadatleastonenewbookeverymonth.Isetagoalof12booksonGoodreadsandusedittotrackmyprogress,keepalistofbooksI'minterestedinandcheckoutwhatfriendsandothersontheappwererecommending.Iread35booksthisyear!(That'supfromfivebookslastyear.)Goodreadsfeelslikeoneoftherarefeel-goodsocialnetworks.—KayaYurieff,TechReporterEmbercoffeecupIdrinkmycoffeeslowlysoithasroutinelycooledhalfway.Formybirthday,mymumboughtmeacup($99),whichkeepsmycoffeewarmuntilIfinishitwithouttripstothemicrowaveforreheating.IcanalsosetthespecifictemperatureIwant.Itmakesmymorningssomucheasier.—MillieDent,Intern1.WhatisthemainadvantageoftheLumosMatrixhelmet?A.Helpingdriversconcentrate.B.Managingthebadweather.C.Makingnightridingsafer.D.Makingbikersfeellesspain.2.WhatdoesthewritermeanbyreferringtotheGoodreadsappas“agamechanger”？A.Itchangessomereaders'readingrules.B.ItprovidesreaderswithfreeInternetgames.C.Itlimitsthenumberofbooksareadercanread.D.Itinspiresreaderstoreadmorethroughinteractions.3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheEmbercoffeecup?A.Eco-friendly. B.Convenient.C.Expensive. D.Simple.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了三個最受歡迎的科技類禮物——LumosMatrix頭盔，Goodreads應用和Ember咖啡杯。1.C細節理解題。根據LumosMatrix部分中的“IrecentlyboughtaLumosMatrixhelmet(頭盔)($229)withbuilt-inlightstomakeridingmybikeatnightalotsaferandlessstressful.”可知，LumosMatrix頭盔的優勢是有內置燈，這樣可以讓夜間騎行更安全。2.D推理判斷題。根據Goodreadsapp部分中的“keepalistofbooksI'minterestedinandcheckoutwhatfriendsandothersontheappwererecommending”和“Goodreadsfeelslikeoneoftherarefeel-goodsocialnetworks”可知，Goodreads這一應用可以記錄讀者的閱讀歷史并且在該應用上可以看到朋友或者其他讀者推薦的書，該應用通過網上互動來激勵讀者讀更多的書，故D項正確。3.B推理判斷題。根據Embercoffeecup部分中的“whichkeepsmycoffeewarm...setthespecifictemperatureIwant”可知該咖啡杯可以保溫并且用戶可以設定想要的溫度，這是非常方便的。故選B。BInthetrailer(拖車式房屋),Sischowasrefreshingthesnails'(蝸牛)accommodations—anongoingroutinethattakesdaysofcarefulwork.HehadfoundadozenofAchatinellabulimoides—athirdoftheworld'spopulationofthespecies.Onceeveryindividualwasaccountedfor,hecleanedthecageandpackedinnewleaves.Theworktookmuchtrouble,buttheresponsibility,hesaid,waslike“aheavyweightsittingonyou”.Thetrailerisveryvulnerable.It'sdesignedtokeepawaywould-bethieved,andtoresisthurricanes.Butafirecouldeasilydestroyit,oradiseasecouldsweepthroughit.LastSeptember,amysteriouspathogen(病原體)appearedtohaveenteredthetraileronleavesfedtothesnails,killingalmostanentirespecies.Assadastheeventis,there'snogoodwaytoinsureagainstfuturecatastrophes.Thesnailscan'tsimplybespreadamongzoosorotherfacilities.Theyneedspecialequipment,experiencedhandlers,andadietofnativeHawaiianplants.Consequently,itcanbehardforthesnails'minderstorelax,evenwhentheyareoutsidethetrailer.“Howdoyouswitchoffwhenyourdecisionsmeanexistenceorextinction？”Sischosaid.Whileactionlightenstheburden,yetwithanimalswhosenaturalhistoryislargelyunknown,thatactioncanbedangerous.“Ifyoudoitwrong,thesnailsdie.”Snailsareneitherintelligentnorbeloved.Sischo'sfriendssometimesteasehimaboutbeing“thestrangesnailguy”；strangersaskwhyhecares.It'shardtoconvincepeople,butheinsiststhatifhecanjustgettheminthetrailer,theywillunderstandwhytheAchatinellabulimoidesareworthsaving.“Peoplemelt，”hesaid.“Whenyoushowthemthattheentirepopulationisinthischamber,ithitsthem.”4.Whatisthetrailerusedfor?A.Accommodatingguests.B.Shelteringsnails.C.Plantingvegetables.D.Alarmingthieves.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”meaninParagraph2?A.Quiet. B.Safe.C.Easilyaffected. D.Wellprotected.6.Whatisthesnailminders'attitudetowardstheirjob?A.Relaxed. B.Confident.C.Cautious. D.Disapproving.7.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheLastofItsKindB.TheWorstofTimesC.MournItsLossD.ResistPossibleDanger【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了為了拯救瀕臨滅絕的蝸牛物種，人類為它們制作了特殊的設備——拖車式房屋，有經驗豐富的馴養員來看護它們，提供給它們來自夏威夷本地的一種植物來吃，這些都有益于蝸牛的保護。4.B推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“It'sdesignedtokeepawaywould-bethieved,andtoresisthurricanes.Butafirecouldeasilydestroyit,oradiseasecouldsweepthroughit.”以及“Assadastheeventis,there'snogoodwaytoinsureagainstfuturecatastrophes.Thesnailscan'tsimplybespreadamongzoosorotherfacilities.Theyneedspecialequipment...”可知，拖車房屋很脆弱，它的設計是為了避免可能被盜，抵御颶風。但是火災很容易摧毀它，疾病可以席卷它。但沒有好的辦法來防止未來的災難。蝸牛不能簡單地在動物園或其他設施中生存。它們需要特殊的設備。這個特殊的設備就是thetrailer。由此可推知，thetrailer是給蝸牛住的房子，是收容蝸牛，為其遮風擋雨的。分析選項可知，B項符合題意。5.C詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后的內容“It'sdesignedtokeepawaywould-bethieved,andtoresisthurricanes.Butafirecouldeasilydestroyit,oradiseasecouldsweepthroughit.LastSeptember,amysteriouspathogen(病原體)appearedtohaveenteredthetraileronleavesfedtothesnails,killingalmostanentirespecies.”可推知，這種拖車房屋很容易被火燒，疾病可摧毀它，所以它是易受其他因素影響的。故選C。6.C推理判斷題。根據第三段的內容可知，蝸牛看護者對待它們的態度是謹慎小心的。分析選項可知，C項符合題意，故選C。7.A標題歸納題。根據第一段中的“HehadfoundadozenofAchatinellabulimoides—athirdoftheworld'spopulationofthespecies.”以及第二段中的“LastSeptember,amysteriouspathogen(病原體)appearedtohaveenteredthetraileronleavesfedtothesnails,killingalmostanentirespecies.”還有第三段中的“‘Howdoyouswitchoffwhenyourdecisionsmeanexistenceorextinction？’Sischosaid.”可推知，這種蝸牛的數量極少。分析選項可知A項為短文最佳標題。故選A。Ⅱ.完形填空FedExdriverAriKadinwasmakinghisroundsnearapondinRockwall,Texas.Suddenly,hehearda(n)1sound,justlikeacryforhelp.About15feetfromthefrozenbankswasthe2ofthatcry—abrown-and-whitedog,3tograspathinlayerofice.Anelderlymanhadalreadycometoher4.He'denteredthepondinarowboatandwasbreakingtheicewitharockto5apathtothedog.Itwas6going,andKadin,42,thoughthestoodabetter7.Kadinslidtogo8therowboatandusedtheelderlyman'srocktohittheice9，onlytoslipofftheboat,fallinginto16feetoffreezingwater.He10intimetoseethedoggoingunder.Heswamaboutfivefeettowardher,11hercollar,andpulledhertotheice.Hethen12thedogintotheboatandsliditbacktotheshore,where13bystandersrushedthedogtothehomeoftherowboatowner,aretiredvet.Afewmoreminutesinthepond,thevettoldKadin,andthedogwouldhavelikely14cardiacarrest(心臟驟停)．Thenextday,Kadinwasbackworkingthesameneighbourhoodwhenthedogjumpedonhimand15himinwetkisses.“ThatspecialdeliverywasthehighlightofmyFedExcareer.”saysKadin.1.A.familiar B.sweetC.strange D.weak2.A.access B.appearanceC.resource D.source3.A.struggling B.hesitatingC.managing D.expecting4.A.rescue B.attractionC.companion D.concern5.A.spot B.blockC.create D.repair6.A.fast B.effectiveC.slow D.urgent7.A.approach B.conclusionC.solution D.chance8.A.off B.aboardC.acr