書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南陽職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Amywaselectedchairmanofthecommitteebya（

）vote.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ambiguous

B.synonymous

C.simultaneous

D.unanimous

【答案】D

【解析】ambiguous模糊不清的；synonymous同義的；simultaneous同時(shí)發(fā)生的；unanimous全體一致的。句意:艾米經(jīng)全體一致投票當(dāng)選為委員會(huì)主席。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Aproductistoberegardedasbeing（

）whenintroducedintoanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discharged

B.discarded

C.disposed

D.dumped

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)discharged“排出，卸貨”；B選項(xiàng)discarded“丟棄，廢棄”；C選項(xiàng)disposed“處理，配置”；D選項(xiàng)dumped“傾銷，拋售”。

句意：當(dāng)一種產(chǎn)品以低于正常價(jià)值的價(jià)格引進(jìn)另一個(gè)國家時(shí)，就被視為傾銷。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

3.單選題

Iwasbornin1927,theonlychildofmiddle-classparents.IwassenttoapublicschoolIwastedtwoyearsdoingmynationalservice,IwenttoOxford;andthereIbegantodiscoverIwasnotthepersonIwantedtobe.?

IhadlongbeforemadethediscoverythatIlackedtheparentsandancestorsIneeded.Myfatherwas,throughbeingtherightageattherighttimeratherthanthroughanygreatprofessionaltalent,aseniorArmyofficer;andmymotherwastheverymodelofawould-bemajorgeneral'swife,Thatis,sheneverarguedwithhimandalwaysbehavedasifhewerelisteninginthenextroom,evenwhenhewasthousandsofmilesaway.

Likeallmennotreallyuptotheirjob,hewasasticklerforexternalsandpettyquotidianthings;andinlieuofanintellecthehadaccumulatedanarmoryofcapitalizedkey-wordslikeDisciplineandTraditionandResponsibility.IfIeverdared—Iseldomdid—toarguewithhim,hewouldproduceoneofthesetotemwordsandcoshmewithit,asnodoubtinsimilarcircumstanceshecoshedhissubordinates,onestillrefusedtoliedownanddie,helost,orloosed,histemper.Histemperwaslikeaviolentreddog,andhealwayshaditclosetohand.

Duringmylastyearsatschool,IrealizedthatwhatwasreallywrongwithmyparentswasthattheyhadnothingbutablanketcontemptforthesortoflifeIwantedtolead.Iwas"good"atEnglish,Ihadpoemsprintedpseudonymouslyintheschoolmagazine.IthoughtD.H.Lawrencethegreatesthumanbeingofthecentury.MyparentshadcertainlyneverreadLawrence,andhadprobablyneverheardofhim.Therewerethings,Icertainemotionalgentlenessinmymother,anoccasionaleuphoricjollinessinmyfather,Icouldhavebornemoreof;butalwaysIlikedinthemthethingstheydidn'twanttobelikedfor.BythetimeIwaseighteentheyhadbecomemereproviders,forwhomIhadtoexhibitatokengratitude,butforwhomIcouldn'tfeelmuchelse.

Iledtwolives.AtschoolIgotasmallreputationasawartimeaestheteandcynic.Buthadtojointheregiment-TraditionandSacrificepressgangedmeintothat,Iinsisted,andluckilytheheadmasterofmyschoolbackedme,thatIwantedtogotouniversityafterwards.Iwentonleadingadoublelifeinthearmy,queasilyplayingatbeingBrigadier“Blazer”Urfe’ssoninpublic,andnervouslyreading“PenguinNewWriting”andpoetrypamphletsinprivate.AssoonasIcould,Igotmyselfdemobilized.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thebasicconflictbetweentheauthorandhisparentsisconflictof（）

2.ThefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Theauthorusedmanyphrasessuchas“throughbeingtherightageattherighttimeratherthanthroughanygreatprofessionaltalent”justtoasserthisfather's（）

4.Bysaying“Icouldhavebornemoreof”(Para.4),theauthormeans（）

5.Thephrase“inlieuof”inParagraph3canbereplacedby（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotions

B.aesthetictheories

C.literary

D.values

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthor'smotherwasahumbleandsubmissivewoman

B.Theauthor'sfatherhadanexplosivetemper

C.Theauthor'smotheralwaysinsistedontrivialeverydaymatters

D.Theauthor'sfatheralwaysinsistedonsurfaceappearances

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.complacence

B.inadequacy

C.nostrum

D.indecorum

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.“Ishouldhavedesiredmoreof”

B.“Ioughttohavegotmoreof”

C.“Iwouldnothavemindedmoreof”

D.“Ishouldnothavetoleratemoreof”

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.insteadof

B.without

C.forthesakeof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:文章第四段第一句Duringmylastyearsatschool,IrealizedthatwhatwasreallywrongwithmyparentswasthattheyhadnothingbutablanketcontemptforthesortoflifeIwantedtolead可知作者與父母的矛盾在于父母看不起作者想要的生活，所以可以推斷出他們之間是價(jià)值觀存在分歧。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:文章第三段最后一句Histemperwaslikeaviolentreddog,andhealwayshaditclosetohand提到父親的脾氣像一條瘋狗，所以選項(xiàng)B可以排除；文章第三段第一句Likeallmennotreallyuptotheirjob,hewasasticklerforexternalsandpettyquotidianthings提到父親是一個(gè)非常注重外表的人，選項(xiàng)D可以排除；文章第二段最后一句Thatis,sheneverarguedwithhimandalwaysbehavedasifhewerelisteninginthenextroom,evenwhenhewasthousandsofmilesaway提到母親從來不會(huì)與父親爭論，所以選項(xiàng)A可以排除。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:文章第二段第二句Myfatherwas,throughbeingtherightageattherighttimeratherthanthroughanygreatprofessionaltalent,aseniorArmyofficer，作者認(rèn)為父親得到職位靠得是機(jī)遇，而不是能力，作者認(rèn)為父親資質(zhì)不夠，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第4題:文章第四段第五句Therewerethings,Icertainemotionalgentlenessinmymother,anoccasionaleuphoricjollinessinmyfather,Icouldhavebornemoreof;butalwaysIlikedinthemthethingstheydidn'twanttobelikedfor提到作者渴望有一個(gè)溫柔的母親和一個(gè)偶爾興高采烈的父親，但是我喜歡那些他們不希望我喜歡的東西。可以推斷作者并沒有這樣的父母，而是希望有，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:insteadof“不是……而是”；without“沒有”；forthesakeof“為了”；byvirtueof“由于”。文章第三段第一句的后半句andinlieuofanintellecthehadaccumulatedanarmoryofcapitalizedkey-wordslikeDisciplineandTraditionandResponsibility提到作者父親積累的很多關(guān)鍵詞，但是沒有積累多少智慧。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

WhenthepeopleatthefrontdeskofthehotelneartheoilfiledheardthatmycolleagueandIwerefromChina,theyletuspayahigherpriceforourroomsthanlocalpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thepeopleatthefrontdesk

B.neartheoilfiled

C.letuspay

D.forourroomsthanlocalpeople

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】C

【解析】短語辨析。let改為make。letsb.do側(cè)重表示“允許做某事”,而句中側(cè)重表示"讓做某事，使做某事"。makesb.do使做某事。

5.單選題

Ourvacationtothetropicalbeachresortwasvery（）untilthehurricanecame.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adverse

B.maximum

C.constrained

D.serene

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)adverse“不利的；相反的；敵對的”；B選項(xiàng)maximum“最多的；最大極限的”；C選項(xiàng)constrained“拘泥的；被強(qiáng)迫的；不舒服的”；D選項(xiàng)serene“平靜的；晴朗的”。句意：在這場暴風(fēng)來臨之前，我們?nèi)釒Ш┒燃賱俚氐亩燃偈欠浅Ｆ届o的。結(jié)合此處語義，D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Whenthestormbroke,theflockofsheepwere______inalldirections.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.straying

B.dispersing

C.separating

D.distributing

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.straying迷路，偏離B.dispersing分散，散開

C.separating分離D.distributing分發(fā)，分配

【考查點(diǎn)】固定用法。

【解題思路】由空格后面的inalldirections可知，disperseinalldirections為固定用法，表示“紛紛四散”。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)strayin（誤入，流浪到）、D選項(xiàng)distributein（分布在）不符合句子意思；

C選項(xiàng)不與in搭配。

【句意】暴風(fēng)雨來臨時(shí)，羊群紛紛四散了。

7.單選題

Rosefeels______abouttheweekendinVermont.Shewantstogo,butshealsowantstostayathome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atheistic

B.ambiguous

C.ambivalent

D.ascetic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)atheistic“無神論的，無神論者的”，B項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的”，C項(xiàng)ambivalent“矛盾的，好惡相克的”，D項(xiàng)ascetic“苦行的，禁欲主義的”。根據(jù)后面句子的意思“她想去，但她也想呆在家里”可知，“矛盾的”符合語境。句意：羅斯對去佛蒙特州度周末感到矛盾；她想去，但她也想呆在家里。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Acobwebglisteningwithdewseemsas（

）asitislovely.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fragile

B.frigid

C.strident

D.tedious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fragile“易碎的，脆弱的”；B選項(xiàng)frigid“嚴(yán)寒的，寒冷的，冷淡的”；C選項(xiàng)strident“刺耳的”；D選項(xiàng)tedious“冗長的，啰唆的，單調(diào)乏味的”。由“有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又______，又可愛”可知空格處的詞語要與cobweb（蜘蛛網(wǎng)）在邏輯上搭配，且與lovely的感情色彩一致，因此選A。句意：有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又脆弱又可愛。

9.單選題

OscarWildesaidthatworkistherefugeofpeoplewhohavenothingbettertodo.Ifso,Americansarenowamongtheworld'ssaddestrefugees.FactoryworkersintheUnitedStatesareworkinglongerhoursthanatanytimeinthepasthalf-century.Americaonceledtherichworldincuttingtheaverageworkingweek-from70hoursin1850tolessthan40hoursbythe1950s.Itseemednaturalthataspeoplegrewrichertheywouldtradeextrasearningsformoreleisure.Sincethe1970s,however,thehoursclockedupbyAmericanworkershaverisentoanaverageof42thisyearinmanufacturing.

Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutsidemanufacturing:Americansarespendingmoretimeatworkthantheydid20yearsago.Executivesandlawyersboastof80-hourweeks.Onholiday,theyseekoutfaxmachinesandphonesaseagerlyasGermansbagthebestsun-loungers.YetworkingtimeinEuropeandJapancontinuestofall.InGermany'sengineeringindustrytheworkingweekistobetrimmedfrom36to35hoursnextyearMostGermansgetsixweeks’paidannualholiday,eventheJapanesenowtakethreeweeks.Americansstillmakedowithjusttwo.

Germanyrespondstothiscontrastwithitsusualconcernaboutwhetherpeople'saversiontoworkisdamagingitscompetitiveness.YetGermanworkers,liketheJapanese,seemtobeactingsensibly:astheirincomesrise,theycanachieveabetterstandardoflivingwithfewerhoursofwork.ThepuzzleiswhyAmerica,theworld'srichestcountry,seesthingsdifferently.Itisapuzzlewithsinistersocialimplications.Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildrenwhomaybeleftaloneathomeforlonger.Isitjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?

SomeexplanationsforAmerica’stimeatworkfailtostanduptoscrutiny.Oneblamesweaktradeunionsthatleaveworkersopentoexploitation.Areworkersbeingforcedbycost-cuttingfirmstotoilharderjusttokeeptheirjobs?ArecentstudybytwoAmericaneconomists,RichardFreemanandLindaBell,suggestsnot:whenasked,Americansactuallywanttoworklongerhours.MostGermanworkers,incontrast,wouldratherworkless.

Then,whydoAmericanswanttoworkharder?OnereasonmaybethattherealearningsofmanyAmericanshavebeenstagnantorfallingduringthepasttwodecades.Peopleworklongermerelytomaintaintheirlivingstandards.Yetmanyhigherskilledworkers,whohaveenjoyedbigincreasesintheirrealpay,havebeenworkinghardertoo.Also,onereasonfortheslowgrowthofwageshasbeentherapidgrowthinemployment-whichismoreorlesswheretheargumentbegan.

Taxesmayhavesomethingtodowithit.PeoplewhoworkanextrahourinAmericaareallowedtokeepmoreoftheirmoneythanthosewhodothesameinGermany.FallsinmarginaltaxratesinAmericasincethe1970shavemadeitallthemoreprofitabletoworklonger.

Noneoftheseanswersreallyexplainswhythecentury-longdeclineinworkinghourshasgoneintoreverseinAmericabutnotelsewhere(thoughBritainshowsignsoffollowingAmerica’slead).Perhapsculturaldifferences--thelastrefugeofthedefeatedeconomistsareatplay.Economistsusedtobelievethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowforafewluxuries,theirincentivetoworkwouldbeeroded,likelionsrelaxingafterakill.Buthumansaremoresusceptibletoadvertisingthanlions.Perhapsclevermarketinghasensuredthat“basicneeds”--forashowerwithbuilt-inTV,forarocket-propelledcar—expandcontinuously.ShoppingisalreadyoneofAmerica’smostpopularpastimes.Butitrequiresmoney—hencemoreworkandlessleisure.Ortrythis,thetelevisionisnotverygood,andbaseballandhockeykeepbeingwipedoutbystrikes.PerhapsWildewasright.MaybeAmericanshavenothingbettertodo.

1.IntheUnitedStates,workinglongerhoursis（

）.

2.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whichmightbeoneoftheconsequencesofworkinglongerhours?

3.Whichofthefollowingisthecauseofworkinglongerhoursstatedbythewriter?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confinedtothemanufacturingindustry

B.atraditionalpracticeinsomesectors

C.prevalentinallsectorsofsociety

D.favoredbytheeconomists

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Riseinemployees’workingefficiency

B.Riseinthenumberofyoungoffenders

C.Riseinpeople’slivingstandards

D.Riseincompetitiveness

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Expansionofbasicneeds

B.Culturaldifferences

C.Increaseinrealearnings

D.Advertising

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutsidemanufacturing:...幾項(xiàng)研究表明，制造業(yè)以外也在發(fā)生類似的事情:...”也就是說，除了制造業(yè)，美國其他行業(yè)里工作時(shí)間也很長，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildrenwhomaybeleftaloneathomeforlonger.Isitjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?父母花在孩子身上的時(shí)間更少，他們（孩子）可能會(huì)被長時(shí)間的留在家里。青少年犯罪呈上升趨勢，這僅僅是個(gè)巧合嗎?”由此可知，長時(shí)間工作的結(jié)果將會(huì)導(dǎo)致青少年犯罪數(shù)量的增加。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“這些答案都不能真正解釋為什么美國的工作時(shí)間長達(dá)一個(gè)世紀(jì)的下降趨勢已經(jīng)逆轉(zhuǎn)，而其他地方卻沒有(盡管英國有跡象表明正在步美國的后塵)。也許文化差異——失敗經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的最后避難所——正在發(fā)揮作用。”這里提到文化差異的問題，但這并不是美國人長時(shí)間工作的原因。下文提到“Economistsusedtobelievethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowforafewluxuries,...經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家過去認(rèn)為，一旦工人掙到足夠的錢來滿足他們的基本需求和一些奢侈品...”由此可知，真正的原因是為了擴(kuò)大基本需求，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

10.單選題

Thatwasaman-madedisasterthatclearly[A]couldhaveavertedifthefederalgovernment,specificallytheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,[B]hadquicklymarshaled[C]thepoliticalwillandresourcestoevacuatethosewithoutaccesstocars,insteadofpromotingonitsWebsiteafaith-basedcharity[D]thatwasclearlynomatchfortheproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.couldhaveaverted

B.hadquicklymarshaled

C.thepoliticalwill

D.thatwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。A選項(xiàng)前的主語aman-madedisaster“人為的災(zāi)難”，與avert“避免”之間應(yīng)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)將couldhaveaverted改為couldhavebeenaverted。

11.單選題

ProfessorJohnsonplannedtogoovermypapersentencebysentencewithmeinhisofficethismorning,buthehasn't（

）yet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnedround

B.turnedup

C.turnedon

D.turnedin

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的turnround=turnaround“轉(zhuǎn)身，轉(zhuǎn)向，歸航，轉(zhuǎn)變”；B選項(xiàng)的turnup“出現(xiàn)，露面，發(fā)生，開大（收音機(jī)、電視等）的音量”；C選項(xiàng)的turnon“打開，發(fā)動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)的turnin“交上，歸還，告發(fā)”。根據(jù)句意‘約翰遜教授計(jì)劃今天早上和我一起在他辦公室逐句檢查我的論文，但他還沒來’確定B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

Formostofhumanhistory,thedominantconcernsaboutenergyhavecenteredonthebenefitside.Inadequacyofenergyresourcesofthetechnologiesforharvesting,converting,anddistributingthoseresourceshasmeantinsufficientenergybenefitstohumanbeingsandhenceinconvenience,andconstraintsonitsgrowth.The1970’s，then,representedaturningpoint.Energywasseentobegettingcostlierinallrespects.Itbegantobebelievablethatexcessiveenergycostscouldposethreatsonaparwiththoseofinsufficientsupply.Italsobecamepossibletothinkthatexpandingsomeformsofenergysupplycouldcreatecostsexceedingthebenefits.

Thecrucialquestionatthebeginningofthe1990'siswhetherthetrendthatbeganinthe1970’swillprovetobetemporaryorpermanent.Istheeraofcheapenergyreallyover,orwillacombinationofnewresources,newtechnologyandchanginggeopoliticsbringitback?Onekeydeterminantoftheansweristhestaggeringscaleofenergydemandbroughtforthby100yearsofpopulationgrowthandindustrialdemand.

ExceptforthehugepoolofoilunderlyingtheMiddleEast,thecheapestoilandgasarealreadygone.Evenifafewmoregiantoilfieldsarediscovered,theywillmakelittledifferenceagainstconsumptionontoday’sscale.Oilandgaswillhavetocomeincreasingly,formostcountries,fromdeeperintheearthandfromimportswhosereliabilityandaffordabilitycannotbeguaranteed.

【答案】在人類歷史發(fā)展的長河中，人們主要關(guān)心的是能源有利的一面。能源資源不足，或者為開采、加工和分配這些資源所需技術(shù)的不足，會(huì)影響能源為人類帶來的利益，同時(shí)意味著能源的增長遭到干擾和限制。到了20世紀(jì)70年代，出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，能源多方成本所帶來的威脅已同能源供應(yīng)不足所產(chǎn)生的威脅不相上下。同時(shí)，也有人擔(dān)心，依靠擴(kuò)大能源資源增加供應(yīng)所需付出的代價(jià)，也許大于其所帶來的利益。

20世紀(jì)90年代初期人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)在于，這種始于70年代的能源發(fā)展趨勢是暫時(shí)的還是長遠(yuǎn)的。廉價(jià)能源時(shí)代真的一去不返，還是通過開發(fā)新能源、應(yīng)用新技術(shù)、改革地緣政治秩序等措施，有可能重登歷史舞臺(tái)？這個(gè)問題的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素是過去100年以來因人口空前增長帶來巨大的能源需求以及工業(yè)需求。

除了中東地區(qū)蘊(yùn)藏著巨大的石油資源以外，地球上廉價(jià)的油氣資源已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在。即使偶爾找到幾個(gè)大油田，同當(dāng)今巨大的能源消耗相比，也是杯水車薪。對于大多數(shù)國家來說，資源越來越多地依賴于深層埋藏，越來越多地依賴進(jìn)口，且不說進(jìn)口油氣資源的可靠性無法得到保障，其對于進(jìn)口國的購買力也是一個(gè)考驗(yàn)。

13.單選題

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplacein18th-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm'sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren'stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturesandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageof18th-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.McKendrickfavorsaVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The"middlingsort"boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism(apreoccupationwithorstressuponmaterialratherthanintellectualorspiritualthings),butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecoiningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitems,ifpreservedfrom18th-centuryEngland,wouldprovideanexampleofthekindofdocumentsmentionedinlines3-4,Paragraph2?

3.Accordingtothetext,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeoplein18th-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

5.Accordingtothetext,18th-centuryEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthetextreadersare（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistoriographicalapproachesto18th-centuryEnglishhistory

C.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabout18th-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Awrittenagreementbetweenasupplierofrawmaterialsandasupplierofluxurygoods.

B.Adiarythatmentionsluxurygoodsandservicespurchasedbyitsauthor.

C.Atheaterticketstampedwiththedateandnameofaparticularplay.

D.Apayrollrecordfromacompanythatproducedluxurygoodssuchaspottery.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Curiosity.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Hostility.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

B.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodscouldbesaidtobestimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.similarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知第一句為本段的中心句。作者列舉McKendrick和Plumb是為了說明他們做了相關(guān)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了人們對奢侈商品和服務(wù)需求的增加。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.”只有實(shí)際消費(fèi)者寫的相關(guān)私人資料才能讓人精確掌握"他想要什么"。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第3題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Thompson”定位在第二段的后半部分“...,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral.”Thompson可能夸大了勞動(dòng)人民對資本主義消費(fèi)方式的抵抗情緒。所以選項(xiàng)D敵對的，符合原文。

第4題:信息歸納題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要就“消費(fèi)者為什么變得那么急于購物”的原因展開，作者提到兩個(gè)原因但給出了自己的質(zhì)疑，隨后給出自己的見解，即作者認(rèn)為人們喜愛購物是一種自我滿足的形式。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

第5題:信息推斷題。題干中的"thecontemporaryworld"與最后一段中的"ourownworld"同義。所以根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.”18世紀(jì)英國對那些有用的瑣碎商品及服務(wù)的不知足預(yù)示了我們目前這個(gè)世界的特征。所以選項(xiàng)D共同點(diǎn)在于他們對不同商品的強(qiáng)烈追求，符合原文。

14.單選題

Mr.Hopkins,wholostaleginacaraccident,hadnowbeenfittedwitha(n)（）limb.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.substitute

B.attachment

C.artificial

D.extra

【答案】C

【解析】考查語義和形容詞名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)substitute“替代品”；B選項(xiàng)attachment“附件”；C選項(xiàng)artificial“人造的”；D選項(xiàng)extra“額外的”。句意：霍普金斯先生在一次車禍中失去了一條腿，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)裝上了假肢。本句表示裝上假肢的表達(dá)是artificiallimb，C選項(xiàng)artificial“人造的”符合句意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Themost（）studentsdoadditionalreadingtosupplementthematerialinthetextbook.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gifted

B.sensitive

C.proficient

D.diligent

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。gifted有天賦的；sensitive敏感的；proficient熟練的；diligent勤勉的，用功的。句意：最勤奮的學(xué)生通常會(huì)做課外閱讀來補(bǔ)充教材中的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

16.單選題

Our（

）withthePresidentattheairportwasexciting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrival

B.encounter

C.endeavor

D.refreshment

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意:我們在機(jī)場偶遇總統(tǒng),這真的令人激動(dòng)不已。只有選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

17.單選題

Graphenemustsurelybeoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsinmodernscience.Indeed,thesubstanceissoextraordinarythatitsoundstoogoodtobetrue—asuperflexiblesheetofcarbon,justasingleatomthick,whichisnotonlythethinnestandstrongestmaterialyetknownbutalsoconductsheat,lightandelectricitywhilebeingimpassabletogas.

WehavetwoscientistsattheUniversityofManchestertothankforgraphene.WhatbeganwithAndreGeimandKostyaNovoselovplayingaroundwithScotchtapeandablockofcarbongraphiteturnedintothediscoveryoftheso-called“miraclematerial”(andajointNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2010).

Now,ofcourse,theraceisontoputgraphenetouse.Eventhemoresoberpredictionsreadlikesciencefiction.Fromcheapdesalinationfilterstosolvetheworld’screepingwatercrisis,tonext-generationelectronicswithfoldabletouch-screensandultra-speedybiodegradableprocessors,tosuperstrongbutsuperlightweightcarsandairplanes,ifjustafractionofgraphene’spotentialisfulfilleditwillchangetheworld.Andthatiswithoutevenconsideringeitherthebiomedicalorthemilitarypossibilities.Norareresearchershangingback;in2012alone,some10,000paperswerepublishedonthesubject.

Britainmaybethebirthplaceofgraphene,butwewillstillhavetoworkhardtohangontoourgloballeadasscientistsandentrepreneursacrosstheworlddashforcompetitiveadvantage.Thegoodnewsisthatrealeffortsarebeingmadetobridgethelong-standinggapbetweenuniversityresearchandcommercialproductsthatsooftenleavestheUKlaggingbehind,forexample,theUS.TheGovernmenthasgivenmorethan￡60m,andgrapheneresearchcentersareunderconstructioninbothManchesterandCambridge.

Buttherearealreadysignsofprogress.Yesterday,AppliedGrapheneMaterials一aspin-offfromDurhamUniversity—becamethesecondmanufacturerofthematerialtolistsuccessfullyonthestockmarketthisyear.Bothitsfounders’ambitionsandbeliefsinthemarewhollyjustified.Graphene’spotentialislimitedonlybyourimaginations.

1.Thearticleiswrittenmainlyto（）.

2.WhichisNOTapropertyofgrapheneaccordingtothepassage?

3.ItcanbeinferredthatthepastgrapheneresearchintheUKwas（）.

4.Therearegoodreasonsforinvestorstobelieveinthefounders’ambitionsforgraphenebecause（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.urgeBritonstoholdtheleadingraphene

B.introducethenewmaterialgraphenetoreaders

C.informreadersofthelimitlesspotentialsofgraphene

D.reporttheconstructionofUK’sgrapheneresearchcenters

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisthethinnestandstrongestsubstance.

B.Itisasuperbconductorofgas.

C.Itisoneofthemoststretchablematerials.

D.Itisaspecialkindofcarbon.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.puttodashforacompetitiveadvantage

B.faraheadoftheUSinmarketing

C.turnedintoalotofsciencefiction

D.isolatedinuniversityexperimentlabs

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.humanimaginationscangoasfarastheycan

B.thereisnogapbetweenresearchandproducts

C.thestockmarketintheUKissuccessful

D.thenewmaterialhashugeroomforprofit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段簡單介紹了石墨烯,三四段提到石墨烯的競爭優(yōu)勢,最后一段提到,石墨烯的潛力僅受我們想象力的限制。潛在意思就是石墨烯的潛力是無限的,所以作者的目的也是想讓讀者了解石墨烯的無限潛力。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段后半部分對石墨烯的描述可知選項(xiàng)A,C,D均是石墨烯的特征,只有選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。“conductsheat,lightandelectricitywhilebeingimpassabletogas.”石墨烯可以傳導(dǎo)熱,光,電,但是無法傳導(dǎo)氣體。

3.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Britainmaybethebirthplace...dashforcompetitiveadvantage.”英國可能是石墨烯的誕生地,但是我們?nèi)匀恍枰^續(xù)努力保持全球領(lǐng)先地位,因?yàn)槿澜绲目茖W(xué)家和企業(yè)家都在爭取競爭優(yōu)勢。選擇A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,這里已經(jīng)有發(fā)展的跡象。昨天,石墨烯材料應(yīng)用公司(杜倫大學(xué)的附屬品牌)成為本年度第二個(gè)成功上市的石墨烯生產(chǎn)商,而石墨烯的潛力也是無限的。綜上,也就是說這種新物質(zhì)有很大的利潤空間。選項(xiàng)D正確。

18.單選題

Increased（）canreleasetheworkersforothertasks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.efficiency

B.effect

C.effectiveness

D.effort

【答案】A

【解析】句意：提高工作效率可以使工人們有更多的時(shí)間做其他的任務(wù)。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

19.單選題

Khalida’sfathersaysshe’s9ormaybe10.AsmuchasSayedShahloveshis10children,thefunctionallyilliterateAfghanfarmercan’tkeeptrackofalltheirbirthdates.Khalidahuddledathisside,tryingtohidebeneathherchadorandheadscarf.Theybothknowthefamilycan’tkeephermuchlonger.Khalida’sfatherhasspentmuchofhisliferaisingopium,asmenlikehimhavebeendoingfordecadesinthestonyhillsidesofeasternAfghanistanandonthedustysouthernplains.It’stheonlyreliablecashcropmostofthosefarmerseverhad.Evenso,Shahandhisfamilybarelygoby:traffickersmayprosper,butpoorfarmerslikehimonlysubsist.Nowhe’slosingfarmorethanmoney.“IneverimaginedI’dhav