書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-寧夏幼兒師范高等專科學校考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theelectronicallydevelopedcountriesare______nothinglessthantheabandonmentofreadingandwritingofwrittenlanguageitself,andinitsplace,therecreationoforalculture.

問題1選項

A.accessing

B.evolving

C.witnessing

D.misleading

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項access“接近，使用，訪問”，B項evolve“發展，進化，使逐步形成”，C項witness“目擊，見證，為……作證”，D項mislead“誤導，帶錯”。根據空格后的賓語nothinglessthantheabandonmentofreadingandwritingofwrittenlanguageitself“對書面語言本身的閱讀和書寫的完全拋棄”可知，“目睹、見證”符合語境。句意：在電子發達的國家，人們目睹了對書面語言本身的閱讀和書寫的拋棄，取而代之的是口頭文化的再造。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

2.單選題

1.Inthequestforbetterhealth,manypeopleturntodoctors,self-helpbooksorherbalsupplements.Buttheyoverlookapowerfulweaponthatcouldhelpthemfightillnessanddepression,speedrecovery,slowagingandprolonglife:theirfriends.Researchersareonlynowstartingtopayattentiontotheimportanceoffriendshipandsocialnetworksinoverallhealth.A10-yearAustralianstudyfoundthatolderpeoplewithalargecircleoffriendswere22percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudyperiodthanthosewithfewerfriends.Alarge2007studyshowedanincreaseofnearly60percentintheriskforobesityamongpeoplewhosefriendsgainedweightAndlastyear,Harvardresearchersreportedthatstrongsocialtiescouldpromotebrainhealthasweage.“Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated,”saidRebeccaGAdams,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro.“Thereisjustscadsofstuffonfamiliesandmarriage,butverylittleonfriendship.Itbafflesme.Friendshiphasabiggerimpactonourpsychologicalwell一beingthanfamilyrelationships.”

2.Inanewbook,“TheGirlsFromAmes:AStoryofWomenanda40—YearFriendship”(Gotham),JeffreyZaslowtellsthestoryof11childhoodfriendswhoscatteredfromIowatoeightdifferentStates.Despitethedistance,theirfriendshipsenduredthroughcollegeandmarriage,divorceandothercrises,includingthedeathofoneofthewomeninher20s.Using,scrapbooks,photoalbumsandthewomen’sownmemories,Mr.Zaslowchronicleshowtheirclosefriendshipshaveshapedtheirlivesandcontinuetosustainthem.Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter.

3.Twoofthefriendshaverecentlylearnedtheyhavebreastcancer.KellyZwagerman,

nowahighschoolteacherwholivesinNorthfield,Minn,saidthatwhenshegotherdiagnosisinSeptember2007，herdoctortoldhertosurroundherselfwithlovedones.Instead,shereachedouttoherchildhoodfriends,eventhoughtheylivedfaraway,“ThefirstpeopleItoldwerethewomenfromAmes，”shesaidinaninterview.Je-mailedthem.Iimmediatelyhade-mailsandphonecallsandmessagesofsupport.Itwasinstantthatthelovepouredinfromallofthem.”Whenshecomplainedthathertreatmentledtopainfulsoresinherthroat,anAmesgirlsentasmoothiemakerandrecipes.Another,whohadlostadaughtertoleukemia,sentMs.Zwagermanahand-knittedhat,knowingherheadwouldbecoldwithouthair,stillanothersentpajamasmadeofspecialfabrictohelpcopewithnightsweats.MsZwagermansaidshewasoftenmorecomfortablediscussingherillnesswithhergirlfriendsthanwithherdoctor，“Wegosofarbackthatthesewomenwilltalkaboutanything，”shesaid.

4.Ms.ZwagermansaysherfriendsfromAmeshavebeenanessentialfactorinhertreatmentandrecovery,andresearchherout.In2006,astudyofnearly3,000nurseswithbreastcancerfoundthatwomenwithoutclosefriendswerefourtimesaslikelytodiefromthediseaseaswomenwith10ormorefriends.Andnotably,proximityandtheamountofcontactwithafriendwasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Justhavingfriendswasprotective.

5.BellaDePaulo,avisitingpsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whoseworkfocusesonsinglepeopleandfriendships,notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember.Inthestudyofnurseswithbreastcancer,havingaspousewasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too.Inasix-yearstudyof736middle-ageSwedishmen,attachmenttoasinglepersondidn’tappeartoaffecttheriskofheartattackandfatalcoronaryheartdisease,buthavingfriendshipsdid.Onlysmokingwasasimportantariskfactoraslackofsocialsupport.

6.Exactlywhyfriendshiphassuchabigeffectisn’tentirelyclear.Whilefriendscanrunerrandsandpickupmedicineforasickperson,thebenefitsgowellbeyondphysicalassistance;indeed,proximitydoesnotseemtobeafactor.Itmaybethatpeoplewithstrongsocialtiesalsohavebetteraccesstohealthservicesandcare.Beyondthat,however,friendshipclearlyhasaprofoundpsychologicaleffect.Peoplewithstrongfriendshipsarelesslikelythanotherstogetcolds,perhapsbecausetheyhavelowerstresslevels.

7.Lastyear,researchersstudied34studentsattheUniversityofVirginia,takingthentothebaseofasteephillandfittingthemwithaweightedbackpack.Theywerethenaskedtoestimatethesteepnessofthehill.Someparticipantsstoodnexttofriendsduringtheexercise,whileotherswerealone.Thestudentswhostoodwithfriendsgavetowerestimateofthesteepnessofthehill.Andthelongerthefriendshadknown,eachother,thelesssteepthehillappeared,“Peoplewithstrongerfriendshipnetworksfeellikethereissomeonetheycanturnto.”SaidKarenA.Roberto,directorofthecenterforgerontologyatVirginiaTech.“Friendshipisanundervaluedresource.Theconsistentmessageofthesestudiesisthatfriendsmakeyourlifebetter.”

1.Thesignificanceoffriendshipinkeepingindividualshealth（

）.

2.JefferyZaslowhasrecentlypublishedabook（

）.

3.Thestudiescitedinthearticle（

）

4.Accordingtothearticle,psychologistBellaDepaulothinksthat（

）.

5.Thestudydescribedinparagraph6suggeststhatthepresenceoffriendsmakeshumanbeings（

）.

問題1選項

A.Issomethingaboutwhichmedicalresearchsofarhasnothingtosay,thoughsocialscientistshavelongsuspecteditsrole

B.Hasbeenrecognizedbothintuitivelyandscientificallyformanydecades

C.Waslongoverlookedbyscientists,thoughinthelastfewyearssomej2orstudiesofithavebeenconducted

D.Isnowveryclearinallrespects.

問題2選項

A.Presentingtheresultsofmanyyearsorigorousscientificinvestigationoftheconnectionbetweenfriendshipandlongevity(=longlife)

B.Focusingontheverypositiverolethatfriendshiphasplayedinkeepingelevenwomenhealthyformorethanfortyyears.

C.Showingthatactivefriendshipisveryeffectiveindefeatingcancer

D.Thatexplorestheimpactofanetworkoffriendshipsonmanyaspectsofthelivesofelevenwomen,includingtheirhealth.

問題3選項

A.Seemtosuggestthatthepositiveeffectsoffriendshiponhealthdonotrequireactuallybeingnearfriends

B.Shedlightonthedissimilarhealthimpactofsame-sexfriendshipsversusfriendshipsbetweenpeopleofdifferentsexes.

C.establishthatwomenhaveoreenduringfriendshipthatmendo,andbenefitaccordingly

D.provethatfriendshippromotesthehealthofmenandwomenequally.

問題4選項

A.Friendshipdoesnothavesogreataneffectonhealthasmarriageorbloodtiescan

B.Havingfriendsmaywellbemoreimportantforhealththanhavingrelativesoraspouse

C.Thekeytogoodhealthishavingatleastonepersonwhocanbecountedoninanillness

D.Havingaspouseisasseriousariskfactorassmokingforhumanhealthandlongevity

問題5選項

A.physicallystronger

B.recklessandunrealistic

C.moreenergetic

D.moreoptimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節事實題。第一段提到了為證實友誼對健康的益處所做的研究并指出:Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated(總的來說，友誼在我們生活中的作用并沒有得到重視)。故選C:長期以來被科學家忽視,盡管在過去一些年中有做一些相關研究。

2.細節事實題。第二段指出:Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter(幾乎在每一章中，友誼對他們健康和福祉的作用都是顯而易見的)。故選D。

3.細節事實題。第五段:Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too(雖然許多對友誼的研究關注的是女性之間的親密關系，但一些研究表明，男性也可以從中受益),故選D。

4.觀點態度題。第五段:notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember(BellaDepaulo認為在許多研究中，友誼對健康的影響比配偶或家庭成員更大)。故選B:對于健康而言,朋友可能比有親戚或配偶更重要。

5.推理判斷題。第六段講的是友誼對于健康的益處。

3.單選題

Igotcaughtinthetraffic;______Iwouldhavebeenheresooner.

問題1選項

A.however

B.although

C.anyway

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.however然而B.although盡管

C.anyway不管怎樣D.otherwise否則

【考查點】句間邏輯。

【解題思路】前半句說“遇上了交通堵塞”，后半句說“我早就來了”，從中可知，后半句是前半句的結果，要用連詞otherwise。因此，D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項表示轉折；

B、C選項表示讓步。

【句意】我遇上了交通堵塞；否則我早就來了。

4.單選題

“Opinion”isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftaste,belief,andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn’tattachtoomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mostdoattachgreatimportancetoit.“Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours,，”and“Everyone'sentitledtohisopinion,”arecommonexpressions.Infact,anyonewhowouldchallengeanother’sopinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant.

Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?Itdependsonwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinmind.D.Forexample,youmayaskafriend,“WhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?”Andhemayreply,“Inmyopinion,they’reugly.”Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybeintoleranttochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste.Andastheoldsayinggoes“It'spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste.”

Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm,anewspaperreportsthattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcase.Obviouslythejusticesdidnotstatetheirpersonalpreferences,theirmerelikesanddislikes.Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation.

Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Itisnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmaycontainelementsofboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithoutexaminingtheevidence.

Iseveryoneentitledtohisopinion?Ofcourse,thisisnotonlypermitted,butguaranteed.D.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers.

1.ThenewFordcarsarecitedasanexampletoshowthat.

2.Consideredjudgmentisdifferentfrompersonalpreferenceinthat.

3.Asindicatedinthepassage,beingfreetoactonone’sopinion.

問題1選項

A.personaltastesarenotsomethingtobechallenged

B.itisunwisetoexpressone’slikesanddislikesinpublic

C.itisfoolishtocriticizeafamousbrand

D.oneshouldnotalwaysagreetoothers'opinions

問題2選項

A.itisaresultofalotofcontroversy

B.itreflectspubliclikesanddislikes

C.itisbasedoncarefulthought

D.itisstatedbyjudgesinthecourt

問題3選項

A.meansthatonecanimposehispreferenceonothers

B.meansthatonecanignoreotherpeople'scriticism

C.doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttochargeotherswithoutevidence

D.doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttodothingsatwill

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.細節事實題。文章第二段倒數第二句話提到意見指的是個人喜好和品味（Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste），因此選項A符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第三段提到他們陳述的內容是經過深思熟慮得來的（Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation），因此選項C符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到每個人都有權發表自己的意見。但是只有在不傷害他人的情況下，我們才可以自由地按照自己的意見行事（Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers），由此可知每個人都有權發表自己的意見，但是并不是隨心所欲地發表，前提是不傷害別人，因此選項D符合題意。

5.單選題

Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir______.

問題1選項

A.backs

B.necks

C.toes

D.heels

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.backs（人體或動物的）背部，背B.necks頸，脖子

C.toes腳趾D.heels足跟，腳后跟

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據句意“小偷逃跑了，當地警察______”可知，警察對小偷是緊跟不舍，根據close可以推知空格處表示“緊跟”的意思，而onone’sheels也是常用搭配，表示“緊跟”，所以該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】

A、B項不符合句意；

C選項“toes”構成固定搭配onone’stoes“警覺的；作好行動準備的”不符合句子邏輯關系，排除。

【句意】小偷逃跑了，當地警察緊追不舍。

6.單選題

Theboyneverattemptedto（）anyexcuseforbeinglate.

問題1選項

A.fluctuate

B.fabricate

C.lubricate

D.manipulate

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這個男孩從不會捏造任何遲到的借口。

考查動詞辨析。fluctuate使波動，動搖；fabricate制造，捏造;lubricate使潤滑;manipulate操作，處理。空格的賓語是excuse(借口),因此B符合句意。

7.單選題

Itisdifficultto（）thisgoalifyouworkhardcontinuously.

問題1選項

A.attributeto

B.audit

C.bare

D.attain

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：即使你一直努力工作，也很難這個目標。attributeto歸因于；audit稽查，審計；bare揭開;脫掉（衣服）；attain獲得，達到。因此，D項符合句意。

8.翻譯題

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatare（）（均衡的飲食對健康是必不可少的）。

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,which（）（把美觀和功能完美地結合起來）。

3.我們必須培養分析問題和解決問題的能力。

4.認識落后，才能改變落后。學習先進，才有可能趕超先進。

5.一個不怕困難、百折不撓、堅持到底的科學工作者一定會在科研工作中取得光輝的成就。

【答案】1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatarebalanceddietsareessentialtogoodhealth.

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,whichcombinesbeautywithfunctionperfectly.

3.Wemustdeveloptheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.

4.Onlybyunderstandingbackwardnesscanwechangebackwardness.Learningadvancedmakesitpossibletocatchupwithandsurpasstheadvanced.

5.Ascientificworkerwhoisnotafraidofdifficulties,perseveringinspiteofsetbacksandperseveringtotheendwillsurelyachievebrilliantachievementsinhisscientificresearchwork.

9.單選題

Humansareforeverforgettingthattheycan'tcontrolnature.Exactly20yearsago,aTimemagazinecoverstoryannouncedthat“scientistsareonthevergeofbeingabletopredictthetime,placeandeventhesizeofearthquakes”.Thepeopleofquake-ruinedKobe(神戶)learnedlastweekhowwrongthatassertionwas.

Noneofthemethodspraisedtwodecadesagohavesucceeded.Evennow,scientistshaveyettodiscoverauniformwarningsignalthatprecedesallquakes,letaloneanysignthatwouldtellwhetherthecomingquakeismildorakiller.Earthquakeformationcanbetriggeredbymanyfactors,saysHirooKanamori,aseismologistattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Sofindingoneall-purposewarningsighisimpossible.Onereason:quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan'tstudythemdirectly.

Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.PlaceslikeJapanandCaliforniaarefilledwithhundreds,ifnotthousands,ofminorfaults.Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.Andtheseinconspicuoussitescanbejustasdeadlyastheirbetter-knowncousinsliketheSanAndreas(圣安得列斯斷層).BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.

Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15years,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quake-resistant”structures,saysTerryTullis,ageophysicistatBrownUniversity.InKobe,forexample,ahighwaythatopenedonlylastyearwasdamaged.

IntheNorthridgeearthquake,ontheotherhand,well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse.Butengineershavesincefoundhiddenproblemsin120steel-framebuildingsthatsurvived.Suchstructuresaresupposedtoswaywiththeearthratherthancrumple.Theymayhaveswayedbutthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.

ArecentreportinScienceaddsyetmoreanxietyaboutlifeonthefaultlines.Researcherscancomputersimulationstoseehowquake-resistantbuildingswouldfareinamoderate-sizetremor,takingintoaccountthatmuchofaquake'senergytravelsinalarge“pulse”offocusedshaking.Theresults:bothsteel-framebuildingsandbuildingsthatsitoninsulatingrubberpadssufferedseveredamage.

Moreresearchwillhelpexpertsdesignstrongerstructuresandpossiblyfindquakeprecursors.Butitisstillacertaintythatthenextearthwillproveonceagainthateveryfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquake-proofed.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutKobe?

2.Theauthor'sfocusinPara.3ison（

）.

3.It'simpossibletoavoiddamagesinearthquakesbecause

（

）.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.Lastweek'squakeoccurredonsmallfaults.

B.Peopletherebelieveinscientists'abilitytopredictearthquakes.

C.Buildingsthereswayedwiththequakeratherthancrumpled

D.Itcanbeexpectedthateveryfaultcanbemonitoredasaresultofmoreresearch.

問題2選項

A.theneedformoreresearch

B.theimpossibilitytopredictearthquakes

C.thedesigningofstrongerstructuresandthefindingofquakeprecursors

D.theimpossibilityofbuildingcompletelyquake-proofedstructures

問題3選項

A.scientistscan'tstudyquakesthatoccurdeepintheearthdirectly

B.it'shardtobuildperfect“quake-resistant”structures

C.instrumentscannotbeplacedonalloftheminorfaults

D.alloftheabove

問題4選項

A.well-erectedstructuresdonotcollapse

B.steel-framebuildingssurviveanyearthquake

C.buildinginNorthridgewillprobablycollapseinastrongerearthquake

D.seismicengineeringhasimprovedenoughforstructurestoresistquakes

問題5選項

A.NatureIsbeyondHumanControl

B.Earthquakes;canWeBringThemunderControl?

C.NewMethodsandStrongerStructurestoPredictandWithholdQuakes

D.Can'tWePredictEarthquakes?

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實細節題。根據第三段最后一句“BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.”可知選項A正確；根據第一段的內容可知選項B錯誤；根據第三段的內容可知，選項C描述的是北嶺地震而不是神戶地震，不符合題意；根據原文最后一句“everyfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquake-proofed.”可知選項D錯誤。所以只有選項A表述正確。

2.事實細節題。根據第三段的首句“Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.”如果能夠發現地震的前兆，仍然不可能在所有危險的地震發生前警告人類。也就是說，預測地震是不可能的，選項B符合原文。

3.事實細節題。根據第二段最后一句“quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan'tstudythemdirectly.”可知選項A正確；根據第四段第一句“Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.”如果科學家能夠輕而易舉地建造出抵御地震的建筑物，那么預測就不那么重要了。由此可知選項B正確；根據第三段“Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.”可知選項C正確。所以本題選項D。

4.推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段的內容可知，選項A和B表述太絕對；選項D沒有提及。根據本段最后一句“Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.”如果地震時間更長或強度更大，建筑物可能已經倒塌了。也就是說，北嶺的建筑可能會在更強的地震中倒塌。選項C符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結合全文內容可知，本文主要是講地震的不可預測性，這是一個事實，選項B和D帶有疑問語氣，所以不恰當。選項C不是本文的重點，所以選項A比選項C更能概括全文。

10.單選題

TheDepartmentofTransportationandCommunications（DOTC.will（）thepurchaseof48newLightRailVehicles（LRV）fortheMetroRailTransit（MRT）.

問題1選項

A.proceedwith

B.proceedfrom

C.prevailover

D.presideover

【答案】A

【解析】A選項proceedwith表示“繼續進行”；B選項proceedfrom表示“從……出發”；C選項prevailover表示“勝過，占優勢”；D選項presideover表示“主持，負責”。由原句句意可知，交通運輸部（DOTC.將為地鐵（MRT）（）_采購48輛新的輕軌車輛（LRV）。所以，只有A選項最符合原文句意。故本題正確答案為A選項。

11.單選題

Miststealssilentlyin,turnsfamiliarlandscapesstrange,dampenssounds,________vision—thenclearssuddenlyandwithoutwarning.

問題1選項

A.spoils

B.blows

C.tears

D.blurs

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.spoils破壞，糟蹋B.blows吹，刮

C.tears撕裂，撕開D.blurs視線模糊，看不清

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】本句主語是“Mist（薄霧）”，空格處和下文的“vision（視野）”構成動賓邏輯，并且和“steals（潛入）、turns（轉變）、dampens（減弱）”構成并列謂語，表示薄霧對感官產生的作用。由“turnsfamiliarlandscapesstrange,dampenssounds（把熟悉的風景變得陌生，減弱了聲音）”可知，薄霧應該是減弱了人們的感知，所以視野也應該是變模糊的。blur指看不清楚東西，因此D選項blurs“視線模糊，看不清”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項spoils“破壞，糟蹋”指把好的東西變成壞的、不愉快的、無用的東西，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

B選項blows“吹，刮”指從口中吹氣或刮風，不能和“vision（視野）”進行搭配；

C選項tears“撕裂，撕開”指將某物撕成碎片或用鋒利的東西切割而損壞某物，不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】薄霧悄悄地潛入，把熟悉的風景變得陌生，減弱了聲音，模糊了視野——然后突然消失，沒有任何預兆。

12.單選題

Topreventfloodinginwinterthewaterflowingfromthedamisconstantly（）byacomputer.

問題1選項

A.graded

B.managed

C.conducted

D.monitored

【答案】D

【解析】句意:為了防止冬季洪水泛濫，大壩流出的水由計算機不斷監測。

考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應動詞的過去分詞形式表被動。grade評分；把……分等級；manage管理；控制；設法；conduct管理；引導；進行；monitor監控。由前半句句意“為了防止冬季洪水泛濫”可知D項符合句意。

13.單選題

TheclashbetweenRealMadridandArsenalisbeing（）asthematchoftheseason.

問題1選項

A.harbinger

B.allured

C.congested

D.lodged

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。harbinger“先驅，預兆”；allured“引誘；誘惑”；congested“充塞，充滿”；lodge“寄宿，臨時住宿”。句意：皇家馬德里和阿森納之間的沖突是這個賽季的前奏。選項A符合題意。

14.翻譯題

各學科的發展日新月異，令人稱奇，但衡量知識、能力的方法卻依然如故，非常原始。迄今為止，教育工作還沒有找到比考試更有效、更可靠的方法，著實有點離奇。盡管有不少人認定，考試能衡量出一個人的知識水平，但實際情況恰恰相反，這是有目共睹的。要想考察一個人死記硬背的本事和在極大壓力下快速答題的技巧，考試或許是個不錯的辦法。然而，特別是對藝術學科來說，要想了解一個人的藝術稟賦資質和藝術實際能力如何，考試是考不出名堂來的。

【答案】Contrasttotherapidandastonishingdevelopmentinvarioussubjects,thewayofmeasuringknowledgeandabilityremainsasbefore,ratherprimitive.Sofar,therehasbeennowaywhichismoreeffectiveandreliablethanexamsineducation,whichseemskindofqueer.Thoughsomepeoplebelievethatexamscouldweighone’sknowledgelevel,thetruthisjusttheopposite,asisobvioustoall.Examsmaybeanot-so-badsolutiontotesttheabilitytoremembersomethingbyroteortoanswerquestionsquicklyyetundergreatpressure,buttheyareofvainifyouwanttoknowaboutthegift,intelligenceorpracticalabilitiesofaperson.

15.單選題

Whocanshedlightonthereasons?

問題1選項

A.turnon

B.explain

C.dissipate

D.appeal

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。shedlighton意為“闡明，解釋，將……弄明白”；turnon意為“打開”；explain意為“講解，解釋”；dissipate意為“驅散，消失”；appeal意為“上訴，申訴，呼吁”。

句意：誰能解釋原因呢？

16.單選題

OurteamcouldreceivealotofsupportandfundingifwecouldconvinceamajorcompanylikeNIKEorCocaColato（）us.

問題1選項

A.approve

B.endorse

C.oblige

D.comply

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。approve“批準”；endorse“認可；簽署”；oblige“迫使；強制”；comply“遵守；順從”。句意：如果我們能說服像耐克和可口可樂這樣的大公司來______我們的話，我們的團隊就能得到大量支持和資金。根據句意可知選項B符合題意。

17.單選題

Problemsanddiscouragementswillfacetheleader,buthecanovercomethemwithstayingpower.Itseemsasifmanyoftheworld’sfamouspeoplefacedsomeofthegreatestdifficultiesanddiscouragementsincarryingouttheirvisions.

ChristopherColumbus,forinstance,concludedfromtheinformationheacquiredfromtravelsandfromstudyingchartsandmaps,thattheearthwasroundandthathecouldreachAsiabysailingwest.Butheneededapatrontofinancesuchanexpedition.HefirsttriesJohnII,KingofPortugal,withoutsuccess,andthen,theCountofMedinaCeliinSpain.TheCountencouragedColumbusfortwoyears,butneveractuallyprovidedhimwiththemoneyandsuppliesheneeded.FerdinandandIsabella,KingandQueenofCastileinSpain,werethencontacted.AreviewofColumbus’plansbyacommitteeappointedbythequeenresultedintheconclusionthathisideaswerevainandimpractical.Buttheykepttalking.

Afterabetterpartofdecadeoftryingtofindapatron,Columbuswasindespair,buthedidn’tstop.Hehadstayingpower.Hebelievedinhismission,butheheldoutforhightermsfromFerdinandandIsabella.Heaskedthattherankofadmiralbebestowedonhimrightawayandthathebemadeviceroyofallthatheshoulddiscover.Inaddition,hewouldreceiveone-tenthofallthepreciousmetalsdiscoveredwithinhisadmiralty.Hisconditionswererejectedandnegotiationswereagaininterrupted.ColumbusleftforFrance.However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.InApril,1492,FerdinandandIsabellaagreedtosubsidizetheexpeditiononColumbus’terms.Itwasn’tuntil12,OctoberthattheylandednoNorthAmerica.

ColumbusdidnotvisittheGrandKhanofCathayashehadhoped.Buthediddiscovertwonewcontinents.Hewassuccessfulbecausehehadstayingpower.

1.WhatwastheattitudeofthekingandqueenofCastiletowardColumbus’planofexpedition?

2.WhofinallypatronizedColumbus?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementswasnotmentionedinthepassage?

4.TheauthortakesthestoryofColumbusasanexampletoshowthat（）.

5.Whatdoestheword“vision”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymean?

問題1選項

A.Concerned

B.Indifferent

C.Optimistic

D.Disapproval

問題2選項

A.CountofMedianCeli

B.JohnII,KingofPortugal

C.KingandqueenofSpain

D.KingandqueenofCastile

問題3選項

A.Columbuswantedtosharewhatheshoulddiscover.

B.Columbusfirmlydemandedthathebethecommanderofthevoyagefleet.

C.ThekingandqueenofCastiledidn’tacceptColumbustermsattheverybeginning.

D.Columbusgotfinancialhelpfromthequeenbecausehegaveuphishighterms.

問題4選項

A.Leadersneedstayingpower.

B.Columbushadenoughstayingpower.

C.Onecan’tdowithoutstayingpower.

D.Stayingpowercannotensuresuccess.

問題5選項

A.sight

B.television

C.futureplan

D.imagination

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實細節題。根據文章第二段，“FerdinandandIsabella,KingandQueenofCastileinSpain,werethencontacted.AreviewofColumbus’plansbyacommitteeappointedbythequeenresultedintheconclusionthathisideaswerevainandimpractical.Buttheykepttalking.”，可知他聯系了西班牙卡斯提爾國王和王后費迪南德和伊莎貝拉。女王任命的一個委員會對哥倫布的計劃進行了審查，得出的結論是他的想法是徒勞和不切實際的。但是他們會一直對這個問題進行討論。可判斷出國王和王后對于哥倫布的行動持關心的態度。選項A符合題意。

2.事實細節題。根據文章第三段，“However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.InApril,1492,FerdinandandIsabellaagreedtosubsidizetheexpeditiononColumbus’terms.”，可知王后改變了主意，派人去找他。1492年4月，國王和王后同意按哥倫布的條件并對他實施資助。可判斷出對哥倫布實施資助的人是卡斯提爾的國王和王后。選項D符合題意。

3.事實細節題。根據文章第二段段，“Butheneededapatrontofinancesuchanexpedition.”，可知他需要贊助人資助這樣一次探險，下文就提到了他尋找資助人的堅信過程，可判斷出哥倫布想分享他的發現，選項A可排除。根據文章第三段，“Heaskedthattherankofadmiralbebestowedonhimrightawayandthathebemadeviceroyofallthatheshoulddiscover.”，可知他要求立即授予他海軍上將的軍銜，并任命他為他所發現的一切事物的總督。可判斷出哥倫布堅決要求他擔任遠航艦隊的總督，選項B可排除。根據文章第三段，“Hisconditionswererejectedandnegotiationswereagaininterrupted.ColumbusleftforFrance.However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.”可知他的條件遭到拒絕，談判再次中斷。哥倫布動身去了法國。然而，王后改變了主意，派人去找他。可判斷出國王和王后一開始不同意哥倫布的條件，后面才改變了主意。選項C可排除。綜上，選項D符合題意。

4.作者意圖題。根據文章最后一段，“Hewassuccessfulbecausehehadstayingpower.”，可知哥倫布之所以成功，是因為他有耐力。可判斷出作者以哥倫布為例子想要說明的是領導者需要持久的耐力。選項A符合題意。

5.詞義理解題。Sight“視力，景象”；television“電視機”；futureplan“未來的計劃”；imagination“想象力”。根據原文，“Itseemsasifmanyoftheworld’sfamouspeoplefacedsomeof