EntericDiseasesofYoungPigs

仔豬腸道疾病作者：LarryFirkins,DVM,MS,MBACollegeofVeterinaryMedicineUniversityofIllinois美國伊利諾斯大獸醫學院Diarrhearemainsoneoftheleadingcausesofneonatalmortalityinswine下痢一直是新生仔豬死亡的主要原因

DefinitionofDiarrhea

下痢的定義Excesswaterinfecesrelativetodrymatter.糞中含水量過大Normally,muchofthefluidisabsorbedinthesmallintestinebeforeitexitstheileum通常，大部分水都在進入回腸之間就在小腸中被吸收了Colonservestoconservewaterandelectrolytes結腸只起吸收水和電解質的作用MechanismsofDiarrhea下痢的機理MalabsorptiveDiarrhea吸收不良性下痢Reductioninsurfaceareaofintestine

腸粘膜表面積減少Lossofabsorptivecapacity吸收能力減弱Villousatrophy絨毛萎縮Chyleabsentinlymphatics淋巴乳糜缺乏Undigestedingestaferments未消化的食糜發酵MechanismsofDiarrhea下痢的機理EffusiveDiarrhea滲漏性下痢Resultofseveredamagetomucosa粘膜嚴重受損的結果Necrotoxinsproducedbybacteria細菌產生的壞死毒素Leakageofserumproteinsandwaterduetovasculardamage血管受損導致血清蛋白質和水漏出Lossofabsorptivecapacity吸收能力減弱ArrivingataDiagnosis診斷History病史Ageofonset發病年齡Vaccinationhistory免疫接種歷史Stracteddiarrhea猝死和長期下痢ArrivingataDiagnosis診斷Selectionofspecimens病料采集Diarrheaof24hrsorless下痢開始后24小時以內Untreated未經治療Avoidpigswhich“diedduringthenight”不要從夜間死亡的豬采集病料

Causesofpigdiarrheas

仔豬腸炎原因

Nursing Weaning

斷奶前 斷奶后E.coli 大腸桿菌 11% 49%Rotavirus輪狀病毒 14% 12%C.perfringens

19% 0%產氣莢膜梭狀芽孢桿菌TGE傳染性胃腸炎 8% 7%Coccidiosis 球蟲病 20% 15%Source-IowaStateDiagnosticLab2000-2002Colibacillosis-E.coli

大腸桿菌病●分泌過度性下痢Hypersecretiondiarrhea●12小時至3～4天齡或更大的豬下痢Diarrheafrom12hoursto3-4days

●可能極度水樣化Maybeextremelywatery●隨后發病的各窩豬更嚴重 Increasesseverityinsucceedinglitters●頭胎仔豬可能更嚴重 GiltlittersmaybemoresevereDiagnosis-E.coli

大腸桿菌病診斷●進行性水樣下痢

progressivewaterydiarrhea●實驗室—用瓊脂平板培養大腸桿菌

cultureE.colionagarplate●用分離的大腸桿菌作敏感性測定

cultureandsensitivitytestingDiarrheaTreatments

下痢的治療Gentamycin 慶大霉素Spectinomycin壯觀霉素Kanamycin卡哪霉素Neomycin新霉素Sulfa,trimethoprim磺胺，三甲氧芐氨嘧啶ClostridiumperfringenstypeC

C型產氣莢膜梭狀芽孢桿菌12hrs–7days12小時～7天Deathinaslittleas4-8hours4～8小時內死亡Bloodyoryellowtograydiarrhea帶血或黃色至灰色下痢Necrotoxins壞死毒素ClostridiumperfringenstypeA

A型產氣莢膜梭狀芽孢桿菌Waterytopasty,whitetoyellowdiarrhea水樣至粘性下痢，白色至黃色Toxins毒素β-2oftenseeninisolatesfrompigswithdiarrhea下痢仔豬分離到的菌株常見β-2毒素LesionssimilartothosewithtypeC病變與C型所致的病變相似Necrosisoftipsofvilli絨毛頂端壞死Lackhemorrhage無出血PreventionandTreatments

預防和治療Vaccinatesows5and2weekspriortofarrowingMayrequiredevelopmentofanautogenousvaccine分娩前5周和2周對母豬免疫，可能需要生產自家菌苗Feedingantibioticssuchasbacitracintosowspriortofarrowing分娩前對母豬飼喂桿菌肽等抗生素Treatpigletsatbirthwithpenicillinorantiserum在仔豬出生時用青霉素或抗血清對其進行治療TGE傳染胃腸炎Causeisacoronavirus病原為冠狀病毒Attackscellsliningthesmallintestine

攻擊小腸內壁細胞Survivesforlongperiodsoftimeintheenvironment在環境中可長期存活Verystablewhenfrozen

冰凍后非常穩定生存TGE傳染胃腸炎TGE傳染胃腸炎Inactivationofthevirus病毒的滅活sunlight陽光drying干燥warmtemperatures高溫mostdisinfectants多數消毒藥TGESpreadsRapidly

傳染胃腸炎傳播快Veryshortincubationperiod

潛伏期很短Within2-3daysmajorityofpigsonfarmcanbeinfected 2-3天內豬場內多數豬即被感染SourcesofInfection

傳染胃腸炎傳染源Primarilyinfectedsheddingpigs

主要為受感染的排毒豬Peoplesecondmostimportant

人是第二重要的傳播因素Starlingsandotheranimals

椋鳥科鳥和其它動物DiagnosisofTGE

傳染胃腸炎診斷Clinicalsigns臨床癥狀Necropsy病理剖檢DiagnosticLaboratory實驗室診斷histologicalconfirmation病史確認positiveFAtest熒光抗體陽性檢測TreatmentofTGE

傳染胃腸炎治療Keepwarm保暖Antibioticstocontrolsecondarybacteria應用抗生素防止繼發感染Weanpigsearly早期斷奶Youngpigsrarelysurvivedespitetreatmentefforts盡管進行治療，年齡小的豬仍然很少存活。TGEImmunization

傳染胃腸炎免疫Deliberateentireherdexposuretovirus故意讓整個豬群接觸病毒Timingisimportant上述處理的時間很重要Isinfectioninfarrowingfacility? 產房內有無感染?Goalistoshortentheoveralleffect

目標是減輕整體影響TGEImmunization

傳染胃腸炎免疫Ifnotinfarrowingfacility

如果產房內無感染Isolatethesefacilitiesfromtherestofthefarm將產房與場內其他豬舍隔離開Exposeothersowsonthefarm

自然免疫場內的其它母豬TGEVaccines

傳染胃腸炎疫苗Injectable注射型Oral口服型Variableprotectiontopigletsthroughthecolostrum通過初乳對仔豬提供的免疫力強弱不一AutogenousTGEVaccine

傳染胃腸炎自家疫苗Harvestintestinesfromacutelyinfectedpigletswhenclinicalsignsappear

當出現臨床癥狀時，收集急性感染仔豬的小腸Homogenizeinablender放在組織粉碎機內制成勻漿Materialcanbefrozenforlateruse

冰凍保存備用AutogenousTGEVaccineUse

傳染胃腸炎自家疫苗的應用Onepiglet’sintestinesper20sowsin21/2litersofwater,125cc(1/2cup)persowmixedinfeed每20頭母豬飼喂一頭仔豬的腸道組織，腸道組織勻漿溶于2.5升水中；每頭母豬125毫升(半杯)混入飼料中。Feedtosowsatleast3weekspriortofarrowing至少在分娩前三周投喂母豬Plannedexposuretospecificgroupsmaynotbecontained可以不包括對特定年齡組豬的計劃性感染AutogenousTGEVaccineUse

傳染胃腸炎自家疫苗的應用Exposuretoentireherdmayeliminatethevirusfromthefarm

飼喂整個豬群可能會根除豬場內的病毒Eliminatescarrierpigs清除帶毒豬Virusdiesout病毒死亡Bestdoneduringhotweather

最好進行于天氣炎熱時Enzootic(chronic)TGE

地方性(慢性)傳染胃腸炎Diarrheain7-14dayoldpiglets 7～14日齡的豬表現腹瀉Postweaninginthenursery

斷奶后的保育仔豬Notallpigsorlittersaffected

不是所有的豬或窩都被被感染Vomitingisrare極少發生嘔吐Sowsnotsick母豬不發病DealingWithEnzooticTGE

對付地方性(慢性)傳染性胃腸炎Entireherdexposure令整個豬群接觸病毒All-in/All-outproduction全進全出的生產系統Goodsanitationanddisinfectant良好的衛生和消毒措施Footbathstoreducespreadofvirus實施腳浴以減少病毒傳播Rotavirus輪狀病毒●黃色至白色下痢Yellowtowhitescours●危害10日齡至3周齡的仔豬 Affects10dayto3weekoldpig●除非受感染的幼豬，否則死亡率低。 Mortalitylowunlessyoungerpigsaffected●發病率-100%

Morbidity-100%Coccidiosis球蟲病●豬等孢球蟲(I