2009年10月SAT閱讀解SectionQuestions9-10arebasedonthefollowingThroughafriend'sfather,Elizabethfoundajobatapublishingcompany.Herparentswerepuzzledbythis.Thedaughtersoftheirfriendswereannouncingtheirengagements intheTimes,andthosewhojoinedtheCorpsorhadgonetograduateschoolwerefiledundertheheadingof"UsefulService,”asiftheyhadenteredconventsordedicatedthemselvestothepoor.Elizabethfurtherpuzzledherparentsbyrefusingtotakeacentoftheirmoney, althoughhermotherknewthetruth:whatdoleouttotheyoungbindsthemtoyou.TohaveElizabethowingnothingwasdisconcerting,tosaytheleast.ThenarratormentionsthedaughtersofElizabeth'sparents'friendsinline3primarilytocriticizeapraiseanexplainanoteaadvocateanThepassagesuggeststhaizabeth'sparentsfoundwhichqualitytobedisconcerting"(line11)intheirdaughter?LackofUnwillingnesstotakeQuestion11-12arebasedonthefollowingSomecriticsbelievethatthefrequentuseofrepetitionNativeAmericanceremonialtextswasaresultoftheiroralnaturehelpedmaketheworkseasytoNativeAmericanscholarPaulaGunnAllenargues thisfactormustbeperipheral,becausepeopleinsocietieswithoutwritingtraditionallyhavehadmorefinelydevelopedmemoriesthandopeoplewhouseNativeAmericanchildrenlearnedearlytoremembercomplicatedinstructionsandlongstoriesbyheart.For rsonwhocouldn’truntoabookshelftolookuprelianceonmemorybecameveryimportverydaySuchahighlydevelopedeverydaymemoryisnotlikelytofailonceremonialTheprimarypurposeofthepassageisrefuteadescribeayzeaadvocatearevealaIncontext,whatdoesthefinalsentencesuggestaboutNativeAmericanceremonialtexts?UnderstandingthemrequiresahighlydevelopedTheirinclusionofcomplicatedanddetailedmaterialisTheyarenotalwaysoralinnature,noraretheyalwaysTheyareimportantintheeverydaylivesofmanyNativeTheiruseofrepetitioncannotbeexplainedasanaidto Questions13-15arebasedonthefollowingThispassageisadaptedfroma2003novelaboutacharacternamedGogolGanguli,theAmerican-bornofnimmigrants,Justbeforeleavinghomeforcollege,GogolchangedhisnametoNikhil.Whenheisaloneinhisdormhetypesoutawrittenrequest,notifyingtheofficeofhisnamechange,providingexamplesofhisformercurrentsignatureebyside,hegivesthese toasecretary,alongwithacopyofthechange-of-namechangehelstheinchargeofprocessinghisstudentIDandhislibrarycard.Hecorrectsthenameinstealth,notbotheringtoexplaintoJonathanand hisnewroommates,whathe’ssongallday,andthensuddenlyitisAftersomuchworkitisnoworkatBythetimetheupperclassmenarriveandclasseshe’spavedthewayforawholeuniversitytocall girlsatparties.Nikhilregistersforhisfourclasses:IntroductiontotheHistoryofArt,MedievalHistory,asemesterofSpanish,Astronomytofulfillhishardsciencerequirement.Atthelastminuteheregistersforadrawingclassintheevenings.Hedoesn’tlhisparentsaboutthe drawingclass,somethingtheywouldconsideratthisstageofhislife,inspiteofthefactthathisowngrandfatherwasanartist.Theyarealreadydistressedthathehasn’tsettledonamajorandaprofession.Hisparentsexpecthimtobe,ifnotanengineer,thenadoctor,a lawyer,aneconomistattheveryThesewerethefieldsthatbroughtthemtoAmerica,hisfatherrepeatedlyremindshim,theprofessionsthathaveearnedthemsecurityandrespect.Butnowthathe’sNikhilit’seasiertoignore parents,totuneouttheirconcernsandpleas.Withrelief,hetypeshisnameatthetopsofhisfreshmanprs.Hereadstheephonemessageshisroommatesleaveforcheckingaccount,writeshisnewnameintocourse ”MellamoNikhil,”*hesaysinhisSpanishItisasNikhil,thatcemeste,thathegrowsagoateeanddiscovermusicianslikeBrianEnoandElvisCosloandParker.ItisasNikhilthathetakesthetrainintoManhattanwithJonathan.ItisasNikhilthat introduceshimselftopeopleheThereisonlyonecomplication:hedoesn’tfeellikeNotyet.PartoftheproblemisthatthepeoplewhoknowhimasNikhilhavenoideathatheusedtobeGogol.Theyknowhimonlyinthepresent,notatallinthe ButaftereighteenyearsofGogol,twomonthsofNikhilfeelscant,inconsequential.Attimeshefeelsasifhe’scasthimselfinaplay,actingthepartoftwins,indistinguishabletothenakedeyeyetfundamentallydifferent.Attimeshestillfeelshisoldname,painfullyandwithoutwarning, thewayhisfronttoothhadunbearablythrobbedinrecentweeksafteraHefearsbeingdiscovered,havingthewholecharadesomehowunravel,andinnightmareshisfilesareexposed,hisoriginalnameprintedonthefrontpageofthestudentnewspr.Once,hesignshis oldnamebymistakeonacreditcardslipatthecollegebookstore.Occasionallyhehastohear”Nikhil”threetimesbeforeheanswers.EvenmorestartlingiswhenthosewhonormallycalledhimGogolrefertohimasNikhil.Forexample,whenhis parentscallonSaturdaymornings,ifBrandonorJonathanhappenstopickupthephone,theyaskifNikhilisthere.Thoughhehasaskedhisparentstodopreciselythis,thefactofittroubleshim,makinghimfeelinthatinstantthatheisnotrelatedtothem,nottheirchild.“pleasecome toourhomewithNikhilonehismother,Ashima,saystohisroommateswhensheandhisfathervisitcampusduringparentsweekendinOctober.ThesubstitutionsoundswrongtoGogol,correctbutoff-key,thewayitsoundswhenhisparentsspeakEnglishtohim insteadofBengali.Strangerstilliswhenoneofhisparentsaddresseshim,infrontofhisnewfriends,asNikhildirectly:”Nikhil,showusthebuildingswhereyouhaveyourclasses,”hisfathersuggests.Laterthatevening,outtodinnerwithJonethan,Ashimaslips,asking,“Gogol, haveyoudecidedyetwhatyourmajorwillThoughJonathan,listeningtosomethinghisfatherisdoesn’thear,Gogolfeelshelplessandannoyedyetunabletoblamehismother,caughtinthemesshe’smade. *”MynameisTakenasawhole,thepassageisbestdescribedasaportrayaltwoparents’acceptanceoftheirson’sleavinganimmigrantfamily’sadjustmenttonewthestimulatingpossibilitiesopentoacollegeayoungman’sstruggletodefineayoungman’ssuccesshievingLines1-8(“When…card”)serveprimarilydescribethecareNikhiltooktodevelopstudiouscharacterizeNikhilashavingsomewhatsinisterdetailthestepsNikhilfollowed plisharevealNikhil’slackofexperienceinnavigatingbureaucraticprovideinformationaboutNikhil’sactivitiesbeforearrivingatCThestatementinlines11-12(“After…all”)suggestsprimarilythatNikhilsaddenedthattheworkissurprisedthathistaskisuneasyabouthisnewpuzzledathislackofirritatedattheamountofwork所有的事情就都結束了，聯系本句中的noworkatall，histaskisachieved就出Lines18-22(“Atthe…artist”)suggestwhichofthefollowingaboutNikhiHeenjoysprovokinghisHehasinheritedhisgrandfather’sHeoftenpreferschildishHefeelscompelledtotakeadditionalHehasallowedanimpulsetoguideIncontext,lines23-25“(His…least”)suggestthatNikhil’sparentsbelieveNikhilwouldnotenjoybeinganNikhilsecretlyplans eanNikhilshouldpursuemultiplecertainprofessionsaremoreprestigiousthantheirowncareeropportunitieshadbeentooLines35-40(“Itis…meets”)arenotablechieflyfortheiruseparallelappealtoThesentenceinlines41-42(“Thereisservesprimarilyintroduceashiftinthemakeanunusualpresentanewprovideatemporaryreinforcetheprevious不知道這個詞的意思，也是可以通過后面的語句推測出這是個略意思的詞Thedescriptioninlines48-51(“Attimes…filling”)suggeststhatresponseintenseandcommittedandinvirtuousandself-skepticalandintermittentandLines51-54(“He…newspr”)chieflyrevealNikhil’sfeelingsItis“startling”(line58)toNikhiltobecalled“Nikhil”byhisparentsbecausehehasnottoldthemthathehaschangedhishasaskedthemnottoaddresshiminthisknowsthattheywantedhimtoadoptadifferentnewisnotusedtohearinghisnamespokenaloudbyotherfeelsthatitisunnaturalforthemtousehisnew第64行，他說heisnotrelatedtothem,nottheirchild，而且在69行他感覺父母Inline74,“slips”mostnearlymovesslidesfetsaddressesescsInthelastparagraph,Nikhil’sparentsarepresentedamusedbyNikhil’scompliantwithNikhil’sconfusedabouthowtosuspiciousofNikhil’sresentfultowardNikhil’sThefinalsentenceofthepassageindicatesthatNikhilisembarrassedthathisroommatehaslearnedthathechangedhisangryathismotherforusinghisoriginalnameinfrontofothersurprisedthathisparentsareunabletokeephisnamesfeelingguiltythathehasonceagainbroughtshametohisfrustratedwiththecomplexitiesofthesituationhehasSectionQuestions6-9arebasedonthefollowingpassages.Passage1Ilovetonap.Whenafter-lunchgrogginesshitsandmyeyelidsstarttodroop,nothingmakesmehappierthanfindingacomfortablespotanddriftingofftosleep.Buttomyfamily,mynapisthesignofa5character“You’renapagain?You’resoThey’renottheonlyoneswhofeelthisway.Tobeanenthusiasticnapperintwenty--centuryNorthAmericaistobeoutofstepwithyourtimeandplace.Anapisseen asignofweakness,eitherphysicalormoral.Healthy,productiveadultsdonotnap.PassageSleepresearchershaveshownthatthehumanbodyisprogrammed esleepyintheearlyInsomeculturespeopledozeafterthemiddaymeal. inmanyindustrializednations,theusualistotrytojump-startthesystemwithcaffeine,ticthatsleepexpertssaycreatesonlytheillusionofefficiencyand“Napshouldnotbefrownedupon,”writes researcher,“Itshouldhavethestatusofdailyexercise.”Andinfactrestorativenapsmaybemakingacomeback.Recognizingthatmanyemployeesarechronicallysleepdeprived,somecompanieshavesetupnaprooms.Iflaborunionsareinterestedinworkerwelfare,theyshould suodationastandarditemincontractThe“Sleepresearchers”(line12,Passage2)wouldmostlikelycharacterizethe“grogginess”(line1,Passage1)aspotentiallydangeroussymptomofnormalhumanresponsetoanexcessofalPassage2indicatesthattheviewexpressedinthefinalsentenceofPassage1(“Healthy…nap”)hasbeenhelpfulforthosewhoactonevidentineveryhumansupportedbysleepopposedbymanylaborrejectedbysomeTheauthorofPassage2wouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichstatementaboutthe“tactic”(16)?ItisnotunderstoodbysleepItisnotencouragedbyItislesseffectivethanitappearstoItisoftendifficulttoItisadoptedonlyforrareThesleepexpertquotedinPassage2(lines19-20)wouldmostlikelyconsiderthepositiontakenbythe“family”(line4,Passage1)to此題答案是B，sleepexpert贊同午休，但是第一篇文章中作者的父母并不贊同，Question10-15arebasedonthefollowingPassage1isfromtheintroductiontoaZenBuddhistmanualontheartof“mindfulness”,thepracticeofpayingcloseattentiontothepresentmoment.Passage2isfromanessaybyaUnitedStatesauthor.PassageEverymorning,whenwewakeup,wehave24brand-newhourstolive.Whatapreciousgift!Wehavethecapacitytoliveinawaythatthese24hourswillbringpeace,joy,andhappinesstoourselvesandtoothers. Peaceisrighthereandnow,inandineverythingwedoandsee.Thequestioniswhetherornotweareintouchwithit.Wedon’thavetotravelfarawaytoenjoythebluesky.Wedon’thavetoleaveourcityorevenourneighborhoodtoenjoytheeyesofabeautiful child.EventheairwebreathecanbeasourceofWecans,breathe,walk,andeatourmealsinathatallowsustobeintouchwiththeabundanceofhappinessthatisavailable.Weareverygoodatpreparinghowtolive,butnotverygoodatliving.Weknowhow tosacrificetenyearsforadiploma,andwearetoworkveryhardtogetajob,acar,ahouse,andsoon.Butwehavedifficultyrememberingthatwearealiveinthepresentmoment,theonlymomentthereisforustobealive.Everybreathwetake,everystepwemake, canbefilledwithjoy,peace,andserenity.Weneedonlytobeawake,aliveinthepresentmoment.PassageTheargumentofboththehedonistandtheguruisthatwewerebuttoopenourselvestotherichnessofthemoment,toconcentrateonthefeastbeforeus, wewouldbefilledwithbliss.Ihavelivedthepresentfromtimetotimeandcanlyouthatitismuchoverrated.Occasionally,asaholidayfromstrokingone’smemoriesorbroodingaboutfutureworries,Igrantyou,itcanbeanicechangeofpace.Butto“beherenow,”hourafterhour, wouldneverwork.Idon’tevenapproveofstorieswritteninthepresenttense.Adsforpoetswhoneverusetparticipate,theydeservetheeternitytheyarestrivingfor.Besides,thepresenthasawayofintrudingyoulikeitornot.WhyshouldIgooutofmywaytomeet Letitsplashonmefromtimetotime,likecargoingthroughapuddle,andI,onthesidewalkofsolitude,willsaluteitgrimlylikeanyothermodernIfIattendaconcert,obviouslynottolistentothemusicbuttofindabriefbreathingspaceinwhichtomeditate onthepastandfuture.IrealizethattheremaybemomentswhenthemusicinvadesmyearsandIamforcedtopayattentiontoit,notefornote.IbelieveItakesuchintrusionsgracefully.Thepresentisnotalways e rememberingorbroodingTheauthorofPassage1wouldmostlikelyviewtheauthorofPassage2attachingtoomuchimportancetotheviewsofadvocatinganactionwithoutconsideringthepayingattentionexclusivelytothemostdifficultaspectsofsquanderingapreciousopportunityonadailyfailingtorespectthefeelingsofotherInline2,“precious”mostnearlyInline16,thelist(“ajob…house”)presentsthingsthatmostassumetheywilleventuallyeventuallyrealizeareareunwillingtomakesacrificesbelievethateveryoneisentitledseeasworthmuchefforttoTheauthorofPassage1wouldmostlikelyrespondtothe(line22,Passage2)completepartialabsolutestudiedsurprisedInlines33-37,the“present”ischaracterizedadangerousanelusiveanunsolvableanunavoidableaburdensomeWhichofthefollowingphrasesfromPassage2wouldtheauthorofPassage1mostlikelychooseasatitleforPassage“thehedonistandtheguru”(line“thefeastbeforeus”(line“thesidewalkofmysolitude”(line“abriefbreathingspace”(line eguest”(lineQuestions16-24arebasedonthefollowingThispassagewaswrittenbyageologistandpublishedinNotlongago,whilebrowsinginabookstore,IcameacrossavolumeentitledTheNewAtlasoftheUniverse.Thetitleofthishandsomework,Iadmit,tookmeaback.LineCoulditbetruethattheentirecosmoshadreallybeen probed,explored,mapped,andupdated?thebookturnedouttobefarlessthanthis,andtherefore,inmanyways,farmoreinteresting.Itwas,infact,anatlasofoursolarsystem(asomewhatprovincialof"theuniverse"),consistingmainlyofdetailedimagesand oftheplanetsandtheirmoons,alongwithlistsofsurfacefeaturesrecentlyidentifiedbyvariousspacecraft.Thismightsoundratherhumdrum.YetanotherviewofJupiter'sgiantredspot?Onemoreclose-upofSaturn'sauroralrings?Mars,asweknowitsowell,stilla windst,andboulder-strewnsurface?SuchwasthevisualchorusIexpectedtofind,acodaofimagestanta?mounttophotographicclichés.ButIwasinforanumberofstrikingsurprises.Leafingthroughthepagesofthisbook,Ifoundmyselfenteringa"universe"Ihadno Asageologist,IhadbeengenerallyawareofthevisualrichesculledfromthetwoVoyagerspaceprobeslaunchedbytheUnitedStatesinthelate1970s.Theseroboteyessentouttowanderamongtheworldsandsalites Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,andNeptunehadreportedlybroughtbacktalesandwondersofthesegeographicalnewworlds.ThisIhadknown;butherewastheoverwhelmingevidence,ofwhichIhadbeenignorant.Herewereimagesthatrevealedworldsof featureandaction.HereweretheviolentlyeruptivesulfurvolcanoesonJupiter'smoonlo,spewinggasesandionsfarintospace.Hereweretheeerie,spiderylinesofJupiter'smoonEuropa,stretchingforhundredsofjustbeneathaglazedskinoffrozenmethane. 35Here,too,werethegigantic,brokeniceUranus'moonMiranda,risingtoheightsthateventheHimalayas,andthemultiformterrainofNeptune'smoonTriton,whosepatchworklandscsseemedgraftedontoeachotherwithoutreasonororder,as ifbyTogeologists,theEarthishugeandvisuallyThisisaconceptualnecessity.Withitsinnumerablesub-fieldsandlevelsofscale,thegeologicalTerraisauniverseallitsown.Thefamousportraitofourplanetasasingle ball,swirlingwithcloud,takenbyApolloontheirwaytotheMoon,isinnowayageologicalItistoodistant,toocomplete,toounified—indeed,toomuchliketheMoonitself.Itisthereforesomethingelse:anaestheticvisionthathasleftthegravityof HabituatedbymyowngeologicaltrainingandIwasnotquiteprepareduponopeningthisNewoftheUniversetoencounterthefacesofsomanyworlds,danglingintheblackofspace,theirfeaturesavailableto theeyeforinstantinterpretation.Withinthisbook,eachplanetandmoonhadits panyingposedofacomputer-generatedimagethatflatteneditssubjectoutonasinglerectangularstrip—theso-calledMercatorprojection.This,too,seemedinteresting:a literally400yearsoldinventedattheheightofearlycolonialera,ofExploration,nowbeingemployedtomakevisiblethemostadvancedgeographiesinanewageofdiscovery.Indeed,whatmightMercatorhavethoughtwereitsuggestedtohimthathisschemewould onedaybeusedtoplotlandscssofarterrestrialinaspetoreflectback,intheirmagnificentalienness,theveryideaofanoldandexhaustedEarth?Inlines1-20,theauthorintroducesTheNewAtlasoftheUniverseprimarilyinvitingcomparisonsofmapsinthebookwithmapsofreviewingtraditionalideasaboutEarth'sprovokingcuriosityabouthisalhypothesizinginadvanceaboutwhatthebookmightestablishinghisextensiveknowledgeofthefieldof此題答案是D，在第16行，作者很清楚的說Iexpectedtofind，也就是是一種期Theauthor’sresponsetotheanticipatedimagesofJupiter,Saturn,andMars(lines12-15)canbestbelikenedtothatofasingerlookineryetanotherarrangementofafamiliaracheftastinganherbfortheanarthistoriandiscoveringtheinfluenceof artistonachildfindingafavoritetoythathadbeenaninventortestingavarietyofspecializedInlines30-40("Here...collision"),theauthorlistsgeographicaldetailsprimarilyinordertoemphasizethenoveltyanddiversityofthedescribethealarmingappearanceofthesaprovidefactualdataaboutdistantpraise plishmentsoftheVoyagerexplainrsonalfascinationwithnewplacesandInlines43-44("thegeological...own"),theauthorconveysasenseofastoundingabilityscientistshavetolookbeyondsatisfactionthatgeologicalstudybringstothosewhopursuevastnessofthearrayofEarth'sfeaturesthatgeologistssurfacefeaturesthatEarthhasincommonwithotherneedtopersuadethereaderthatgeologyisaworthyThephotographofEarthtakenfromspaceis"innowayageologicalview"(line46)acloudcoverobscuresmuchoftheEarth'sthepicturewasnottakenbytrainedtheimagelacksthelevelofdetailthatisattheheartofwhatinterestsgeolEarthappearstoexistoutsidethelawofgeologistshaveadifferentaestheticviewoftheEarth's句很清楚的說這樣看地球太遙遠，太完整，太，所以這樣看地球只是個美學的觀點，結合選項來看這樣的地球缺少地質學家看的那些廣闊的細節。Theauthorindicatesthattheatlasportrays"faces"(line53)insuchawaythattheir"features"(line54)aregrosslypartiallyartificiallymysteriouslyimmediayTheauthorfindswhichaspectofthe"Mercatorprojection"(lines58-59)mostremarkable?ItsoriginalroleinthecolonizationofpartsoftheItsusefulnessinmoderntechnologicalItsapplicationoflandscdesigntechniquestoItsabilitytorenderthree-dimensionalobjectsasItsanticipationofscientificpursuitsofthedistantInline65,"plot"mostnearlyWhichbestdescribesthefunctionofthequestioninlines63-67("Indeed...Itchallengesanage-oldItengagesinhistoricalItintroducesanovelItprovokesascientificItcreatesasenseofSectionQuestions7-18arebasedonthefollowingThispassagewaswrittenin1971byawomanwhoisaprofessorofartThequestion"Whyhavetherebeennogreatwomenartists?"issimplythetipofanicebergofmisinterpretationandmisconception:beneathliesavastdarkbulkofshakyideasaboutthenatureofartandthesituationsofits making,aboutthenatureofhumanabilitiesinandofhumanexcellenceinparticular,andabouttherolethatthesocialorderplaysinallofthis.Basictothequestionaremanynaive,distortedassumptionsaboutthemakingofartingeneral,aswellasthemakingofgreatart.These assumptions,consciousorunconscious,linktogethersualesuperstarsasMichelangeloandvanGogh,RaphaelandPollockundertherubricof"Great,"andtheGreatArtistisconceivedofasonewhohas"Genius."Genius,inturn,isthoughtofasamysteriouspowersomehow embeddedintheoftheGreatThemagicalaurasurroundingartanditscreatorshas,ofcourse,givenbirthtomythssincetheearliestThefairytaleofthediscoverybyanolderartistordiscerningpatronoftheBoyWonder,usuallyintheguiseofalowly shepherdboy.hasbeenastock-in-tradeofartisticmythologyeversincethesixteenth-centurybiographerVasariwroteThattheyoungGiottowasdiscoveredbythegreatCimabuewhiletheladwasguardinghisflocks,drawingsheeponastone.Cimabue, ewithadmirationfor therealismofthedrawing,immediayinvitedthehumbleyouthtobehispupil.Throughsomemysteriouscoincidence,laterartistswerealldiscoveredinsimilarpastoralcircumstances.EvenwhentheyoungGreatArtistwasnotfortunateenoughtocomeequippedwithaflockof histalentalwaysseemstohavemanifesteditselfveryearlyandindependentofanyexternalencouragement.SopronouncedwasthegreatMichelangelo'stalent,reportsVasari,thatwhenhismasterabsentedhimselfmomentarilyandtheyoungartstudenttooktheopportunity draw"scaffolding,trestles,potsofpaint,brushesandtheapprenticesattheirtasks,"hediditsoskillfullythatuponhisreturnthemasterexclaimed:"ThisboyknowsmorethanIEvenwhenbasedonfact,thesemythsaboutthe manifestationsofgeniusaremisleading.Itisnodoubtforexample,thattheyoungPicassopassedalltheexaminationsForentrancetotheBarcelona,andlatertotheMadrid,AcademyofArtatoffifteeninbutasingleday,afeatofsuchdifficultythatmost requiredamonthofpreparation.ButonewouldliketostudyingreaterdetailtheroleplayedbyPabloPicasso'sart-professorfather.WhatifPicassohadbeenbornagirl?WouldhisfatherhavepaidasmuchattentionorstimulatedasmuchambitionforachievementinalittlePablita?What50isstressedinallthesestoriesistheapparentlymiraculous,nondetermined,andasocialnatureofartisticachievement.Yetassoonasoneleavesbehindtheworldoffairytaleinstead,castsadispassionateeyeontheactualsituationsinwhichimportantartproductionhasexisted,one55findsthattheveryquestionswhicharefruitfulrelevantshupratherdifferently.Onewouldliketoask,forinstance,fromwhatsocialclassesartistsweremorelikelytocomeatdifferentperiodsofhistory.Orwhatproportionofpaintersandsculptorscamefromfamiliesinwhichtheir fathersorcloserelativeswerepaintersandsculptorsorengagedinrelatedprofessions?Asfarastherelationshipofartisticoccupationandsocialclassisconcerned,aninterestingparadigmforthequestion"Whyhavetherebeennogreatwomen mightwellbeprovidedbytryingtoanswerthequestion"Whyhavetherebeennogreatartistsfromthearistocracy?"Whilethearistocracyhasalwaysprovidedthelion'sshareofthepatronageandtheaudienceforart—asthearistocracyofwealthdoeseveninourmore democraticdays—ithascontributedlittlebeyondamateurisheffortstothecreationofartitself,despitethefactthataristocrats(likemanywomen)havehadmorethantheirshareofeducationaladvantages,plentyofleisureand,likewomen,wereoftenencouragedtodabbleinthe Coulditbethatthelittlegoldennugget—genius—ismissingfromthearistocraticmakeupinthesamewaythatitisfromthefemininepsyche?Orrather,isitnotthatthekindsofdemandsandexpectationsplacedbeforebotharistocratsandwomen—theamountoftimenecessarilydevoted socialfunctions,theverykindsofactivitiesdemanded—simplymadetotaldevotiontoprofessionalartproductionoutofthequestion,indeedunthinkable,bothforupper-classmalesandforwomengenerally,ratherthanitsbeingaquestionofgeniusandIntheparagraph,theauthoraddressesthequestionreferredtointhefirstencebycelebratingthegiftoftrueofferingexamplesofgreatwomenchallengingassumptionsaboutcriticizinggreatartistsfortheirdaringreaderstosubmittothepowerofgreatInthesentence,themetaphoroftheicebergreferstorigidityofsocialmysteriousoriginofcoldreceptiongiventowomenunchartedreaofthemassofreceivedideasaboutWhichofth