書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

This（

）girlisTom’scousin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prettylittleAmerican

B.Americanprettylittle

C.Americanlittlepretty

D.littleAmericanpretty

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這位漂亮的美國小女孩是Tom的表妹。

語法題?？疾樾稳菰~排列順序。pretty屬于“描繪性形容詞”，little屬于“表示大小、長短、高低的形容詞”，American屬于“表示國籍的形容詞”。在修飾名詞時(shí)，這三類形容詞的順序?yàn)槊枥L性形容詞、表示大小、長短、高低的形容詞、表示國籍的形容詞。故A符合此順序。

2.單選題

Humansareforeverforgettingthattheycan'tcontrolnature.Exactly20yearsago,aTimemagazinecoverstoryannouncedthat“scientistsareonthevergeofbeingabletopredictthetime,placeandeventhesizeofearthquakes”.Thepeopleofquake-ruinedKobe(神戶)learnedlastweekhowwrongthatassertionwas.

Noneofthemethodspraisedtwodecadesagohavesucceeded.Evennow,scientistshaveyettodiscoverauniformwarningsignalthatprecedesallquakes,letaloneanysignthatwouldtellwhetherthecomingquakeismildorakiller.Earthquakeformationcanbetriggeredbymanyfactors,saysHirooKanamori,aseismologistattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Sofindingoneall-purposewarningsighisimpossible.Onereason:quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan'tstudythemdirectly.

Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.PlaceslikeJapanandCaliforniaarefilledwithhundreds,ifnotthousands,ofminorfaults.Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.Andtheseinconspicuoussitescanbejustasdeadlyastheirbetter-knowncousinsliketheSanAndreas(圣安得列斯斷層).BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.

Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15years,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quake-resistant”structures,saysTerryTullis,ageophysicistatBrownUniversity.InKobe,forexample,ahighwaythatopenedonlylastyearwasdamaged.

IntheNorthridgeearthquake,ontheotherhand,well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse.Butengineershavesincefoundhiddenproblemsin120steel-framebuildingsthatsurvived.Suchstructuresaresupposedtoswaywiththeearthratherthancrumple.Theymayhaveswayedbutthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.

ArecentreportinScienceaddsyetmoreanxietyaboutlifeonthefaultlines.Researcherscancomputersimulationstoseehowquake-resistantbuildingswouldfareinamoderate-sizetremor,takingintoaccountthatmuchofaquake'senergytravelsinalarge“pulse”offocusedshaking.Theresults:bothsteel-framebuildingsandbuildingsthatsitoninsulatingrubberpadssufferedseveredamage.

Moreresearchwillhelpexpertsdesignstrongerstructuresandpossiblyfindquakeprecursors.Butitisstillacertaintythatthenextearthwillproveonceagainthateveryfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquake-proofed.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutKobe?

2.Theauthor'sfocusinPara.3ison（

）.

3.It'simpossibletoavoiddamagesinearthquakesbecause

（

）.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Lastweek'squakeoccurredonsmallfaults.

B.Peopletherebelieveinscientists'abilitytopredictearthquakes.

C.Buildingsthereswayedwiththequakeratherthancrumpled

D.Itcanbeexpectedthateveryfaultcanbemonitoredasaresultofmoreresearch.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theneedformoreresearch

B.theimpossibilitytopredictearthquakes

C.thedesigningofstrongerstructuresandthefindingofquakeprecursors

D.theimpossibilityofbuildingcompletelyquake-proofedstructures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.scientistscan'tstudyquakesthatoccurdeepintheearthdirectly

B.it'shardtobuildperfect“quake-resistant”structures

C.instrumentscannotbeplacedonalloftheminorfaults

D.alloftheabove

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.well-erectedstructuresdonotcollapse

B.steel-framebuildingssurviveanyearthquake

C.buildinginNorthridgewillprobablycollapseinastrongerearthquake

D.seismicengineeringhasimprovedenoughforstructurestoresistquakes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.NatureIsbeyondHumanControl

B.Earthquakes;canWeBringThemunderControl?

C.NewMethodsandStrongerStructurestoPredictandWithholdQuakes

D.Can'tWePredictEarthquakes?

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)C描述的是北嶺地震而不是神戶地震，不符合題意；根據(jù)原文最后一句“everyfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquake-proofed.”可知選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。所以只有選項(xiàng)A表述正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的首句“Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.”如果能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)地震的前兆，仍然不可能在所有危險(xiǎn)的地震發(fā)生前警告人類。也就是說，預(yù)測地震是不可能的，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan'tstudythemdirectly.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)第四段第一句“Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.”如果科學(xué)家能夠輕而易舉地建造出抵御地震的建筑物，那么預(yù)測就不那么重要了。由此可知選項(xiàng)B正確；根據(jù)第三段“Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.”可知選項(xiàng)C正確。所以本題選項(xiàng)D。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)A和B表述太絕對(duì)；選項(xiàng)D沒有提及。根據(jù)本段最后一句“Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.”如果地震時(shí)間更長或強(qiáng)度更大，建筑物可能已經(jīng)倒塌了。也就是說，北嶺的建筑可能會(huì)在更強(qiáng)的地震中倒塌。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講地震的不可預(yù)測性，這是一個(gè)事實(shí)，選項(xiàng)B和D帶有疑問語氣，所以不恰當(dāng)。選項(xiàng)C不是本文的重點(diǎn)，所以選項(xiàng)A比選項(xiàng)C更能概括全文。

3.單選題

TheNeutralityofAmericanintheEarlyWorldWarⅡTheestablishmentoftheThirdReichinfluencedeventsinAmericanhistorybystartingachainofeventswhichculminatedinwarbetweenGermanyandtheUnitedStates.Thecompetedestructionofdemocracy,thepersecutionofJews,thewaronreligion,thecrueltyandbarbarismoftheNazis,andespeciallytheplansofGermanyandherallies,ItalyandJapan,forworldconquestcausedgreatindignationinthiscountryandbroughtonfearofanotherworldwar.WhilespeakingoutagainstHitler’satrocities,theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality.TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936prohibitedtradewithanybelligerentsorloanstothem.In1937thePresidentwasempoweredtodeclareanarmsembargoinwarsbetweennationsathisdiscretion.

AmericanopinionbegantochangesomewhatafterPresidentRoosevelt’s“quarantinetheaggressor”speechatChicago(1937)inwhichheseverelycriticizedHitler’spolicies.Germany’sseizureofAustriaandtheMunichPactforthepartitionofCzechoslovakia(1938)alsoarousedtheAmericanpeople.TheconquestofCzechoslovakiainMarch,1939wasanotherrudeawakeningtothemenaceoftheThirdReich.InAugust,1939cametheshockoftheNazi-sovietPactandinSeptembertheattackonPolandandtheoutbreakofEuropeanwar.TheUnitedStatesattemptedtomaintainneutralityinspiteofsympathyforthedemocraciesarrayedagainsttheThirdReich.TheNeutralityActof1939repealedthearmsembargoandpermitted“cashandcarry”exportsofarmstobelligerentnations.Astrongnationaldefenseprogramwasbegun.Adraftactwaspassed(1940)tostrengthenthemilitaryservices.ALendAct(1941)authorizedthePresidenttosell,exchange,orlendmaterialstoanycountrydeemednecessarybyhimforthedefenseoftheUnitedStates.HelpwasgiventoBritainbyexchangingcertainoveragedestroyersfortherighttoestablishAmericanbasesinBritishterritoryintheWesternHemisphere.InAugust,1940PresidentRooseveltandPrimeMinisterChurchillmetandissuedtheAtlanticCharterwhichproclaimedthekindofaworldwhichshouldbeestablishedafterthewar.InDecember,1941,JapanlaunchedtheunprovokedattackontheUnitedStatesatPearlHarbor.Immediatelythereafter,GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.

6.Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas___.

7.TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto___.

8.AmericanPolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing___.

9.TheNeutralityActof1939___.

10.WeenteredthewaragainstGermany___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theburningoftheReichstag

B.Germanplansforconquest

C.Nazibarbarism

D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroups

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.helptheBritish

B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStates

C.promotetheAtlanticCharter

D.avengePearlHarbor

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.watchful

B.isolationist

C.peaceful

D.indifferent

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnations

B.antagonizedJapan

C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAllies

D.ledtoLend-LeaseAct

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.becauseGermanydeclaredwar

B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermany

C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-sovietPact

D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailed

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】6.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段第二句Thecompetedestructionofdemocracy,thepersecutionofJews,thewaronreligion,thecrueltyandbarbarismoftheNazis,andespeciallytheplansofGermanyandherallies,ItalyandJapan,forworldconquestcausedgreatindignationinthiscountryandbroughtonfearofanotherworldwar.（民主的全面摧毀、對(duì)猶太人的迫害、摧殘宗教、納粹的殘忍和野蠻，特別是德國及其盟國意、日、征服世界的計(jì)劃激起美國極大憤怒，也帶來了又一次對(duì)世界大戰(zhàn)的恐懼）可知B選項(xiàng)“德國征服計(jì)劃”，C選項(xiàng)“納粹之殘暴”以及D選項(xiàng)“迫害宗教團(tuán)體”都有提到；A選項(xiàng)“德國國會(huì)大廈被焚毀”未提及。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“TheLend-LeaseAct”定位到第二段ALendAct(1941)authorizedthePresidenttosell,exchange,orlendmaterialstoanycountrydeemednecessarybyhimforthedefenseoftheUnitedStates.（1941年的《租借法案》授權(quán)總統(tǒng)向他認(rèn)為保衛(wèi)美國所必需的任何國家出售、交換或出借物資。）可知選B選項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng)美國國防”；A選項(xiàng)“幫助英國”并不是《租借法案》真正的目的；C選項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)大西洋憲章”，D選項(xiàng)“為珍珠港報(bào)仇”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“1935-1936”定位到第一段WhilespeakingoutagainstHitler’satrocities,theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality.TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936prohibitedtradewithanybelligerentsorloanstothem.（美國人民雖然反對(duì)希特勒的兇殘等事，他們一般還是喜歡孤立（與世隔絕的）政策和保持中立。1935年和1936年的中立條約規(guī)定：禁止和交戰(zhàn)國雙方貿(mào)易和借貸）可知選B選項(xiàng)“孤立主義”；A選項(xiàng)“警惕”，C選項(xiàng)“和平”以及D選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心”都不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“1939”定位到原文第二段TheNeutralityActof1939repealedthearmsembargoandpermitted“cashandcarry”exportsofarmstobelligerentnations.（1939年的中立條約取消了武器禁運(yùn)，并允許向交戰(zhàn)國家“現(xiàn)購自運(yùn)”出口武器）可知選A選項(xiàng)“允許向交戰(zhàn)國家出售武器”；B選項(xiàng)“反感日本”，C選項(xiàng)“允許英國人只和同盟國進(jìn)行貿(mào)易”以及D選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致借貸租賃法案”都和原文不符合。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文最后一段Immediatelythereafter,GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.（此后，德國立即對(duì)美國宣戰(zhàn)）可以推測出美國加入對(duì)德國的戰(zhàn)爭是由于德國先對(duì)美國宣戰(zhàn)，選A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榈聡麘?zhàn)了”；B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槿毡臼堑聡拿擞选保珻選項(xiàng)“在德國簽署了納粹-蘇聯(lián)條約之后”以及D選項(xiàng)“愛好和平的努力失敗后”不符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Topmarathonrunnerstendtobeleanandlight,starswimmersarelongthighswithhugefeetandgoldmedalweightliftersaresolidblocksofmusclewithshortarmsandlegs.So,doesyourphysicalshape—--andthewayyourbodyworks—--fityouforaparticularsport?Ordoesyourbodydevelopacertainwaybecauseofyourchosensport?

“It’sabout55:45,genestotheenvironment,”saysMikeRennie,professorofclinicalphysiologyatBritain’sUniversityofNottinghamMedicalSchoolRenniecitesthecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermany,oneofwhomwasalong-distanceathlete,theotherapowerfulsportsman,so,“Theylookquitedifferent,despitebeingidenticaltwins.”

Someonewho’s1.5meterstallhaslittlechanceofbecominganelitebasketballplayer.Still,beingovertwometerstallwon’tautomaticallypushyoutoOlympicgold.“Unlessyouhavetacticalsensewhereneeded,unlessyouhaveaccesstogoodequipment,medicalcareandthepsychologicalconditions,andunlessyouareabletodriveyourselfthroughpain,allthephysicalstrengthwillbeinvain,”saidCraigSharp,professorofsportsscienceatBritain’sBrunelUniversity.

JonathanRobinson,anappliedsportsscientistattheUniversityofBath’ssportsdevelopmentdepartment,insouthwestEngland,pointstotheimportanceoftechnique.“Inswimmingonly5-10percentofthepropellingforcecomesfromthelegs,sotechniqueisvital.”

Havingtherightphysiquefortherightsportisagoodstartingpoint.Seventeenyearsago,theAustralianInstituteofSportstartedanationalTalentSearchProgram,whichsearchedschoolsfor14-l6-year-oldswiththepotentialtobeeliteathletes.OneoftheirfirstfindswasMeganStill,worldchampionrower.In1987,Stillhadneverpickedupanoarinherlife.Butshehadalmosttheperfectphysiqueforarower.Afterintensivetraining,shewongoldinwomen’srowinginthe1996AtlantaOlympics.

OthercountrieshavefollowedtheAustralianexample.Nowtheexplosionofgeneticknowledgehasmeantthatthereisnowasearch,notjustforappropriatephysiquebutalsofor“performancegenes.”

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat（）.

2.ThecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermanyshowsthat（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbyCraigSharpasarequiredqualityforasportspersontowinanOlympicgoldmedal?

4.SeventeenyearsagoMeganStillwaschosenforrowingbecause（）.

5.Theword“elite”inParagraph5means（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.physicalstrengthismoreimportantforsportspersons’successt

B.trainingconditionsaremoreimportantforsportspersons’successt

C.genesaremoreimportantforsportspersons’successt

D.psychologicalconditionsaremoreimportantforsportspersons’successt

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.environmentcanhelpdeterminepeople’sbodyshapet

B.genesarethedecisivefactorsforpeople’sbodyshapet

C.identicaltwinsarelikelytoenjoydifferentsportst

D.identicaltwinsmayhavedifferentgenesfordifferentsportst

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thephysicalstrength.t

B.Therighttrainingconditions.t

C.Thetalentforthesports.t

D.Theenduranceforpains.t

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.shehadthetalentforrowingt

B.herbodyshapewasrightforarowert

C.shehadtheperformancegenest

D.shewasaskillfulrowert

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.themostwealthyt

B.themostskilledt

C.themostindustrioust

D.themostintelligent

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中，可以推斷出……”。本文討論的是決定一個(gè)人能夠成為優(yōu)秀的運(yùn)動(dòng)員的原因，根據(jù)文章最后一句話Nowtheexplosionofgeneticknowledgehasmeantthatthereisnowasearch,notjustforappropriatephysiquebutalsofor“performancegenes.”（現(xiàn)在，基因知識(shí)的爆炸意味著現(xiàn)在有了一項(xiàng)研究，不僅是關(guān)于合適的體格，還有“表現(xiàn)基因”）可推斷，人類先天的基因條件對(duì)于塑造一個(gè)成功的運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說更為重要；故C項(xiàng)“基因?qū)\(yùn)動(dòng)員的成功更重要”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“身體力量對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的成功更重要”和D項(xiàng)“心理狀況對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的成功更為重要”文章沒有提及；B項(xiàng)“訓(xùn)練條件對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的成功更為重要”只在第三段提到，不夠全面。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“來自德國的同卵雙胞胎的案例表明了……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段oneofwhomwasalong-distanceathlete,theotherapowerfulsportsman,so,“Theylookquitedifferent,despitebeingidenticaltwins.”（其中一個(gè)是一個(gè)長跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員，另一個(gè)是力量型運(yùn)動(dòng)員；所以，“他們雖然是同卵雙胞胎，但是體型完全不同），由此我們可以推斷，即便有基因因素，但是后天的體型還是由環(huán)境決定的，故A項(xiàng)“環(huán)境可以幫助決定人們的體型”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“基因是決定體型的決定性因素”，內(nèi)容與原文相反；C項(xiàng)“同卵雙胞胎可能喜歡不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)”和D項(xiàng)“同卵雙胞胎可能對(duì)不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)有不同的基因”文章沒有提及。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“下面哪項(xiàng)沒有被CraigSharp提到作為一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員贏得奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌的必要素質(zhì)？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的第三段Unlessyouhavetacticalsensewhereneeded,unlessyouhaveaccesstogoodequipment,medicalcareandthepsychologicalconditions,andunlessyouareabletodriveyourselfthroughpain,allthephysicalstrengthwillbeinvain（除非你有必要的戰(zhàn)術(shù)意識(shí)，除非你有良好的設(shè)備、醫(yī)療護(hù)理和心理狀況，除非你能讓自己克服疼痛，否則所有的體力都將是無用的）可知，作為一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員贏得奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌的必要素質(zhì)就是吃苦耐勞，故D項(xiàng)“吃苦耐勞”正確。A項(xiàng)“體力”、B項(xiàng)“正確的培訓(xùn)條件”和C項(xiàng)“體育天賦”只是部分，比較片面。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“十七年前，梅根斯蒂爾被選為賽艇選手是因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)題干定位到文章的第五段，In1987,Stillhadneverpickedupanoarinherlife.Butshehadalmosttheperfectphysiqueforarower.Afterintensivetraining,shewongoldinwomen’srowinginthe1996AtlantaOlympics.（1987年，斯蒂爾一生中從未拿起過船槳，但她幾乎擁有劃艇運(yùn)動(dòng)員最完美的體格，經(jīng)過高強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練后，她在1996年亞特蘭大奧運(yùn)會(huì)上贏得了女子賽艇金牌），由此可知斯蒂爾被選為賽艇選手是因?yàn)樗耐昝荔w格，故B項(xiàng)“她的身材適合劃船”正確。A項(xiàng)“她有劃船的天賦”沒有提及；C項(xiàng)“她有表現(xiàn)基因”，完美的體格與“表現(xiàn)基因”是兩個(gè)概念；D項(xiàng)“她是一個(gè)熟練的賽艇手”，內(nèi)容與原文不符。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:語義推測題。題干意思是“第五段的‘elite’是……意思”。elite表示“精英”，根據(jù)elite后面的關(guān)鍵詞athlete（運(yùn)動(dòng)員）可以推測，從事運(yùn)動(dòng)行業(yè)的人都是有技巧的，所以elite在這里是表示“skilled（有技巧的）”，故B項(xiàng)“最熟練的”正確。A項(xiàng)“最富有的”、C項(xiàng)“最勤勞的”和D項(xiàng)“最聰明的”都不是“有技巧的”的意思。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

The____ofwomentomenatmycollegeisabouttwotoone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rate

B.proportion

C.portion

D.percentage

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.rate比率B.proportion比例

C.portion部分D.percentage百分率

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析

【解題思路】根據(jù)原句中“女生和男生的____”以及“大約二比一”可知，空格處應(yīng)填入的是女生和男生的比例，因此，B選項(xiàng)proportion“比例”符合題意，proportion可以指一個(gè)量與另一個(gè)量的比值。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)rate“比率”，側(cè)重于指在某一特定時(shí)期內(nèi)某事物發(fā)生或存在的次數(shù)；

C選項(xiàng)portion“部分”，側(cè)重于指整體中的一部分；

D選項(xiàng)percentage“百分率”，側(cè)重于指部分在整體中的占比（用百分比表示）。

【句意】在我的大學(xué)里男女比例大約是一比二。

6.單選題

Sheaskedhimwhathethoughtofher______dress.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.greenprettylittle

B.littlegreenpretty

C.prettylittlegreen

D.prettygreenlittle

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞的順序問題。出現(xiàn)多個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞，順序是：限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老；顏色國籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠。按此規(guī)律，pretty屬于限定詞，little是描述大小，green描述顏色，故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：她問他這件漂亮的綠色小連衣裙怎么樣。故正確答案為C。

7.單選題

AlltheslavesinUSAwere（）afterthecivilwar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrested

B.abandoned

C.manumitted

D.magnified

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)arrest“逮捕；（司法機(jī)關(guān)）扣留（船只）”；B選項(xiàng)abandon“遺棄；離開”；C選項(xiàng)manumit“解放；釋放”；D選項(xiàng)magnify“放大；贊美”。句意：美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，所有奴隸都被釋放。因此C符合題意。

8.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired——rentedatthelowestpossiblecostmuchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporationhierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.Theexecutivewhohold,itisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentralusuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy,WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirm.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhenbreakthroughtechnologyarrives.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,lakemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationthanworkersinGerman(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanthanitisintheunitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretaininggeneratecostsandcreatedbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceofthetechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan'teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.WhichofthefollowingapplytothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?

2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’scompetitiveadvantageis（

）.

4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.

B.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.

C.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthantoequipment.

D.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees'ownbusiness.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.

B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.

C.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

D.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theintroductionofnewtechnology

B.theimprovementofworkers'basicskills

C.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees

D.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.

B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.

C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’shierarchy.

D.ThehumanresourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.獲得技能被認(rèn)為是個(gè)人的責(zé)任”可知D項(xiàng)是對(duì)該句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，答案D

'

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Theexecutivewhohold,itisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).人力資源主管這個(gè)職位從不被征求主要決策的意見，也沒有機(jī)會(huì)晉升為CEO?！笨芍诿绹肆Y源主管在公司沒有太多發(fā)言權(quán)。C項(xiàng)正確，答案C

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirm.雖然美國公司經(jīng)常談?wù)撛趩T工培訓(xùn)上的巨額開支，但事實(shí)上，他們?cè)趩T工技能上的投資比日本或德國公司都要少?！币约啊癆saresult,problemsemergewhenbreakthroughtechnologyarrives.結(jié)果是，當(dāng)突破性技術(shù)的到來時(shí)，美國就出現(xiàn)了問題。”文章第二段講了美國公司與日德公司在勞動(dòng)力培訓(xùn)方面的差異，美國主要培訓(xùn)那些管理層，而日德重視員工技巧培訓(xùn)。第三段說到了結(jié)果，美國員工學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)時(shí)需要花更多時(shí)間。由此可見給員工培訓(xùn)技巧是非常重要的。答案B

第4題:主旨大意題。本文主要通過對(duì)比美國公司與日德國公司的人力資源策略，表明如果美國公司不培養(yǎng)員工技巧將導(dǎo)致美國公司在全球競爭中失去優(yōu)勢(shì)。答案D不培養(yǎng)員工技巧將導(dǎo)致美國公司在全球競爭中失去優(yōu)勢(shì)。答案D

9.單選題

Withoutclearguidelines（）,executivesofhospitalsaresometimesatalosswhattodo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inorder

B.inplace

C.inneed

D.introuble

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)inorder“有序的，整齊的”；B選項(xiàng)inplace“合適的，在合適的位置，執(zhí)行的，設(shè)立的”；C選項(xiàng)inneed“需要……的，需要幫忙的”；D選項(xiàng)introuble“有麻煩”。句意：在沒有（）明確的指導(dǎo)方針的情況下，醫(yī)院的管理人員有時(shí)不知所措。A、C和D選項(xiàng)明顯不符合題意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thefoodwasdivided（）accordingtotheageandsizeofthechild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.equally

B.individually

C.sufficiently

D.proportionally

【答案】B

【解析】句意：食物是根據(jù)孩子的年齡和大小單獨(dú)分開的。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

11.單選題

Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual-thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvironmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.

Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecase—historyoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomes.Peterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbr