TheInfinitive

不定式運用口訣本領最多不定式，主、表、賓、補、定和狀。樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語它不敢。大家千萬要當心，有時它把句型改，作主賓時用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七個感官三使役，賓補要把to甩開；疑問詞后接上它，賓語從句可充當；邏輯主語不定式，不定式前forsb.;

to前not是否定，各種用法區別開。Watchacartoon

watchTheInfinitivesubjectobjectpredictiveattributeadverbialcomplementTodothatsortofthingisfoolish.Itisfoolishtodothatsortofthing.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodois(to)finishitquicklyWefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfoodaftertheoperation.Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.Itseemstobeveryhappy.Itappearstobeveryangry.（2）InfinitiveasPredictive(表語)(Predictive)(Predictive)She

HeTheyseemsappearsseemed/appeareddoesn't/don’tseemdidnotappeartobeverycalm/well-known.tobeveryhappy/likeworkinghere.totakegreatprideinhis/her/theirwork.tohavealotofrelations.toenvytheking’swealth.Makesentencesfromthetable:3.

object(賓語):

一些動詞要用不定式作賓語,常見的動詞有want,hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,expect,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,try,pretend,learn,afford,need等。Hehoped/wished/expectedtogoabroad.Hepromisedtobuymeacomputer.

一些動詞要用wh-疑問詞+不定式作賓語，常見的動詞有decide,know,learn,wonder,understand,findout,remember,see等

whattodo.howtodoit.Idon’tknowwho(m)toask/invite.whentostopwheretogo.

不定式一般不能作介詞的賓語，只有在極少數介詞如：but,except等后才行，此時不定式可帶to或不帶to.Wehavenochoice

buttowaitoutside.Theycoulddonothingbutaskforhelp.4.不定式短語作賓語補足語例：Theteacheraskedmetodoitagain.

老師叫我再做一次。不定式短語todoit作賓語me的補足語。Iwillinvitehim

toplayandhavedinnerwithme.(賓補）InfinitiveasObjectComplement(Objectcomplement)Rewritethesentences,usingthewordsgiventoyou.1.“Whydon’tyouplaytheroleofqueenintheplay?”

Iencouragedher2.“Don’tforgettowearyourgloves.It’sfreezing.”

Iremindedher3.“Youcan’ttaketheboxoftreasureaway.”

Ididnotallowher4.“Whycan’ttheysingsomewell-knownsongs?”

I’dpreferthem5.“Doyouwanttounderstandthepoem?I’llhelpyou.”.

Ihelpedhimtoplaytheroleofqueenintheplay.towearherglovesasitwasfreezing.totaketheboxoftreasureawaytosingsomewell-knownsongs(to)understandthepoem.TheInfinitiveasobjectComplement英語中有些及物動詞要跟復合賓語(賓+賓補),如allow,encourage,expect,help,prefer等帶不定式作賓補.

e.g.Yourparentsdon’tallowyoutoplaythecomputer

TeachersencouragedstudentstospeakinEnglish.12Tohelpeachotherisgood.Itisgoodtohelpeachother.互相幫助是好的。例1：Tohelpeachotherisgood.Itisgoodtohelpeachother.互相幫助是好的。例2：Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.我發現了解他很困難。不定式短語tounderstandhim作真正賓語,it是形式賓語。HefounditimportanttostudyRussian.Thecomputermakesitpossibletocalculatefaster.不定式在七個感官動詞see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三個使役動詞let,have,make等后作賓補時,to要省略。如例1：Now,letmego.（go前省掉了to）例2：Isawherrunintotheclassroom.（run前的to省掉了）比較Shewasseentorunintotheclassroom.例1.Thefarmersdidn’tknowwhattodo.Thefarmersdidn’tknowwhattheyshoulddo.例2.Pleasetellmehowtogettothezoo.PleasetellmehowIcangettothezoo.

adverbial(狀語):(1)表示目的【(not)to/(not)inorderto/soas(not)to】

Weeattoliveanddon’tlivetoeat.(2)表示結果(so/such…asto.,enoughto…,too…to…,onlyto

他這么傻竟相信了這事。

Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.

另外only常用在不定式的前面,表示出人意料的結果,如:Wearrivedthereonlytofindthetraingone.Hereturnedhomeonlytofindhishousebrokeninto.不定式中作結果狀語的注意點：

1）某些形容詞在“too…to…”結構中表示肯定，這類詞是：

anxious,eager,glad,ready,surprised,willing… Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas. 2）在not,never,only,all,but等后的”too…to…”結構中，”too”的含義為”very”，不定式沒有否定含義。

I’monlytoogladtostayathome. It’snevertoooldtolearn.(3)表示原因(a)不定式也可以用在作表語的形容詞后作狀語,說明產生這種情況的原因,常見的形容詞有:sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。

I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.6.不定式短語作定語例1：Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?這是幫他的最好辦法嗎？不定式短語tohelphim作way的后置定語。例2:Heisthemantodependon.他是可以依靠的人。不定式短語todependon作man的后置定語。注意:不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有

動賓關系;如果不定式是不及物動詞,則后面需有適當的介詞。

attribute(定語):不定式及其短語作定語只能放在名詞的后面,以下名詞和句型常用不定式作定語,如:chance,way,opportunity,time,thefirst,thelast,thesecond,theonly等詞后,在havetodo和therebe句型中。e.g.沒有人可以照看他.Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.只有五種式樣可供選擇.Thereareonlyfivepairstochoosefrom.不定式在以下形容詞后:easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,cheap,expensive,good,nice,safe,dangerous,important,interesting,pleasant,(im)possible,fun等。

Thisquestionisdifficult_____(answer). Doyouthinkhimeasy_____(work)with?這時用主動形式表被動意思。Itisbeautifulmusic

toenjoy.(定語)InfinitiveasAttribute(Attribute)Combinethesesentences1.Shethoughtofthisideafirst.(Shewasthefirstperson…)2.Weneedtoweightheflesh.(Let‘sfindsomething…)3.Isthereanythingyouwishtosay?(Whatdoyouhave…)4.Thatwillbetheonlythingwehavetodonow.(Thatwillbetheonlything…)ShewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheideaLet’sfindsomethingtoweightheflesh.Whatdoyouhavetosay?Thatwillbetheonlythingtodo.不定式的邏輯主語，在不定式前加for(of)sb.，如：例1.ItisimportantforustostudyEnglish.例2.Itisniceofyoutohelpme.不定式的否定形式只要在to前加not。如：例1.I’lltrynottobelate.例2.Tellhimnottomakeanynoise.

不定式作獨立成分。Totell(you)thetruth,hedoesn’tagreewithyou.Tobeginwith,Beijingisaverybeautifulcity.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.2.Wehavetogetupearlytocatchthefirsttrain.3.Heisconsideredtobeagreatscientist.4.Toseeistobelieve.5.Ihavealotofwordstosay.6.It’simpossibleforhimtogoalone.7.Shepromisedtomakenomistakesatall.8.Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.9.Tocatchthetrain,we’dbetterhurrytothestationbytaxi.Thetenseandvoiceoftheinfinitive1.Iwanttotellhimaboutit.2.Iwanttobetoldaboutit.5.Sheseemstohaveknownthetruth.(ActiveVoice)(PassiveVoice)(IndefiniteTense)(Perfecttense)4.Sheseemstobesleeping(Continuoustense)3.Sheseemstobesleepy語態時態主動語態被動語態一般時(not)todo(not)tobedone進行時(not)tobedoing無完成時(not)tohavedone(not)tohavebeendone

Thetenseandvoiceoftheinfinitive動詞不定式省略to的情況歸納*1當動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，如動詞是make,let,have

或lookat,see,watch,observe,hear,listento,feel

、等，不定式不帶to.*2.在下列結構后hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather…than,cannotbut（不得不，必然，不能不）,can’thelpbut

等*3.Why….

或whynot…

表建議*4.在介詞but,except

之后，如果其前有實義動詞do的某種形式，不定式不帶to,反之須帶to.*5不定時作表語時，如果解釋do的具體內容時，to可以省去。*6動詞help或help+賓語之后，可用帶to的不定式，也可用不帶to的不定式，但在help+賓語+不定式結構中，如果用不帶to的不定式，表示主語參與了不定式所表示的動作；如果用帶to的不定式，表示主語沒有參與不定時所表示的動作。1.Didyounoticeanyonecomein?2.Imustapologizefornotlettingyouknowaheadoftime.*3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmade

tocrybyhissister.4.Icannotbut

agree.5.Ican’thelpbut

feelsorryforTom.6.Whynothaveatryagain?7.Whyspendsomuchmoney?8.Thenithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.9.Thereisnothingtodo

exceptwaittillitstopsraining.10.Thefirstthingshedidwasgouptohertrainerandthankforallherhelpduringthetraining.11.Willyouhelpme(to)repairthisbike?1.Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio,butIdon’tknow___.todoitB.howtoC.whattodoitD.howtodo2.Hisvoicemademe_____terrible.TofeelB.feelC.feelsD.felt3.Myparentstoldme____peoplewhentheyareintrouble.neverlaughatB.nottolaughatdon’tlaughatD.notlaughat4.It’sbadmanners____rudetopeople.tobeB.areC.beD.tobeing5.It’sinteresting_____ustotakepartinthegames.A.ofB.toC.forD.at6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,___itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake7.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingDexpects8.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning9.Iwouldlove___tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.going

D.havinggone10.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears

________everything.(2001年上海）totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold

11.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.(NMET2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_____thefirstcomputer.(MET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented13.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_______tocarryallthewayhome.(MET2003)A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch14.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.(MET95)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto15.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.(MET92)A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking16.Therearefivepairs___,butI'matalosswhichtobuy.(1999上海高考)

A.tobechosen

B.tochoosefrom

C.tochoose

D.forchoosing

17.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001年北京春季高考)

A.Tosleep

B.Sleeping

C.Sleep

D.Havingsleep18.Withalotofdifficultproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002年上海春季高考)A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled19.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole___inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003上海春季高考)A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying20.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying___theirproductsmorecompetitive.(2002上海春季高考)A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade

_____isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2.Whenandwheretobuildthenewpowerstation__yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided3.Is____necessarytochangetrainsatBeijing?A.this B.that C.it D.he4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat__isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen5.Shepretended__theletterIwroteyesterday.A.nottoreceiveB.notreceivingC.nottohearfromD.havingnotreceived6.Ican’timagine_____thatwithsuchafamousauthor.A.workB.toworkC.tobeworkingD.working7.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_____onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB