書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-中山大學南方學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Heleftthehouse______unawarethathewasstillwearinghispajamas.

問題1選項

A.assiduously

B.blithely

C.perfunctorily

D.domestically

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項assiduously“刻苦地，勤勉地”，B項blithely“快活地，無憂無慮地”，C項perfunctorily“敷衍地，潦草地，表面地”，D項domestically“國內地，家庭式地，適合國內地”。由句子意思“他離開了家_______沒有意識到他還穿著睡衣”可知，空格處應該填入副詞修飾unaware，四個選項中只有C項符合語境。句意：他若無其事地離開了家，沒有意識到他還穿著睡衣。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

2.單選題

Dialogue

問題1選項

A.20

B.24

C.40

D.42

問題2選項

A.Heisadoctor.

B.Heisateacher.

C.Heisachemist.

D.Heisaphotographer.

問題3選項

A.Onhisforearmandforelegs.

B.Onhisforearmandforehead.

C.Onhisthighsandforelegs.

D.Onhisthighsandforearm.19.

問題4選項

A.Anemia.

B.Influenza.

C.Leukemia.

D.Insomnia.

問題5選項

A.Tocheckthereoccurrenceofthedisease.

B.Todeterminethetypeoffluvirus.

C.Toprepareforbloodtransfusion.

D.Toconfirmthediagnosis.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】W:MisterBaxter.MayIaskyousomequestions?

M:Yes.

W:CanIstartatthebeginning?CanIcheckyourage?

M:Forty-two.

W:Whatsortofworkdoyoudo?

M:I'mateacher.

W:Icanassumeyouhaven’tbeenexposedtoanynasty,toxicchemicals.

M:Wegetfumesfromthephotocopier,butnothingelse.

W:Now,tellmehowlongyou’vebeenonthe?Well.

M:Reallyonlyabout2weeks.

W:Whatwerethemainproblems?

M:Ijustgotweakerandweaker.Iranoutoftheenergyandfaintedintheclinicyesterday.

W:Haveyougotanybruising?

M:Yes.InoticedsomeonmythighsandoneofmyforearmswhereIhadmybloodtaken.

W:Dear.Anybleedingfromthegums?

M:No.

W:Haveyouhadanyproblemwithinfectionrecently?

M:No,Ihadflownabout2monthsago.

W:Hasanyoneinyourfamilyhadbloodproblems?

M:Mygrannyhadanemiaandwastreatedwithiron.

W:Iwasthinkingofmoreseriousblooddiseases.

M:NotthatIknowof.

W:ArethereanyotherthingsyouthinkIshouldknowabout?

M:No.Doyouthinkitisleukemia?Doctor?

W:I’vestillgottotakemorebloodtoconfirmthediagnosis.ButI’veseentheresultsoftheprevioustest.I’mafraidthatisa95%chancethatitisleukemia.Haveyouanyquestionsbeforewetaketheextrablood?

16.Howoldistheman?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節題。題干為：這個男人多少歲？由文中男士回答醫生的年齡Forty-two，可知D選項42符合原文。其他選項不符合原文。

17.Whatdoesthemando?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節題。題干為：這個男人是做什么的？由文中看病的男士說“I’mateacher.（我是教師）”，可知B選項“Heisateacher.（他是個教師）”符合原文。A選項“他是個醫生”；C選項“他是個化學家”；D選項“他是個攝影師”不符合原文。

18.Wherearetheman’sbruises?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節題。題干為：這個男人的淤青在哪兒？由文中醫生提問“Haveyougotanybruising?（你有沒有哪里淤青）”以及后面男士的回答“Yes.InoticedsomeonmythighsandoneofmyforearmwhereIhadmybloodtaken.（有的，我的大腿某些地方和前臂的一處充血）”，可知D選項“Onhisthighsandforearm.（在他的大腿和前臂上）”符合原文。A選項“前臂和前腿”；B選項“前臂和前額”；C選項“大腿和前腿”不符合原文。

19.Whatisthemanmostprobablysufferingfrom?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節題。題干為：這個男人哪里最不舒服？由文中醫生檢查后得出結論“ButI’veseentheresultsoftheprevioustest.I’mafraidthatisa95%chancethatitisleukemia.（但是我看了之前的診斷測試，恐怕有百分之九十五的可能是白血病）”，可知C選項“Leukemia（白血病）”符合原文。A選項“貧血癥”；B選項“流行性感冒”；D選項“失眠癥”不符合原文。

20.Whydoesthewomanwanttoadministeranotherbloodtest?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節題。題干為：女士為什么要讓他再做一次血液檢查？由文中“I’vestillgottotakemorebloodtoconfirmthediagnosis.（我還需要采更多的血來測試確診）”，可知D選項“Toconfirmthediagnosis.（確診）”。A選項“確診病是否會復發”；B選項“確定流感病毒的類型”；C選項“準備輸血”不符合原文。

3.單選題

Wehopethestudentswould（

）theinformationcontainedinthelecture.

問題1選項

A.associate

B.understand

C.assimilate

D.assess

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。associate“使聯合，使發生聯系”；understand“理解，獲悉，推斷”；assimilate“吸收，使同化”；assess“評定，估價”。由句中“informationcontainedinthelecture講稿中包含的信息”可知C選項“吸收”正確。

4.單選題

Inthevastmajorityofcases,thepopulace（老百姓）tendsto（）economicsuccesswithdemocracy.

問題1選項

A.digest

B.distinguish

C.assimilate

D.identify

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。digest消化,吸收;distinguish區分,一般與from搭配;assimilate吸收,同化;assimilatewith使相似,將...比作...;identify鑒定,識別。句意：在絕大多數情況下,民眾傾向于將經濟成功與民主等同起來。選項C符合句意。

5.單選題

Scientificjournalscanprovidereliableinformationbecauseoftheprocesscalled"peerreview",inwhichotherscientists(peers)evaluatethevalueandcredibilityofresearchbeforeallowingittoappearinprint.

Peer-reviewisperformedbyknowledgeablescientistswhoarenotdirectlyinvolvedwiththeresearchbeingevaluated.Infact,reviewersareoftenscientificcompetitors.Toremoveanybiasfromthereviewprocess,mostmanuscripts(articlespriortopublication)areconsideredbythreereviewersindependently.Reviewersconsiderthevalidityoftheapproach,thesignificanceandoriginalityofthefinding,itsinterestandtimelinesstothescientificcommunity,andtheclarityofthewriting.Reviewersthenprovidefeedbackonthemanuscripttheyhaveread.Journaleditorsrelyonpeer-reviewfeedbacktoguidetheirpublicationdecisions,andauthorsusereviewerscommentstorefinethetextoftheirmanuscriptandtheexperimentswithin.Journaleditorsmustoccasionallyresolveissuesrelatedtoconflictofinterestamongreviewers;reviewersidentitiesaregenerallynotrevealedtomanuscriptauthors.Thislaterruleisintendedtofreereviewersfromanysocialpressures,allowingthemtoconsideronlythequalityofthesciencebeforethem.

Reviewersareexpectedtokeeptheinformationinamanuscriptconfidentialuntilitispublished,butitisrarethattheworkcomesasacompletesurprisetotheentirescientificcommunity.Thisisbecausepeerreviewisintegratedintoalmosteverystepofscience.

Mostresearchscientistsrequestpublicfundingfortheirexperiments.Fundingdecisionsaremadebyacommitteeofotherscientistswhodebateeachproposal’slikelihoodofsuccess,thevalidityofitsapproach,andtheimportanceofthequestionbeingasked.Oncefunded,theexperimentscanbegin,andpreliminarydataisoftenrevealedatscientificmeetings.Thisallowsthefindingstobedebatedanddefendedwithcolleaguespriortopublication.Oncetheexperimentsarecompleted,amanuscriptiswrittenandcirculatedtoallthosewhocontributedtothework.Manuscriptscommonlyundergoseveralroundsofrevisionbytheauthorsbeforebeingsubmittedtoajournalforpeerreview,Journalsvaryintheirselectivityandfocus.Consequently,manuscriptsarefirstsenttothemostwidelyreadjournallikelytopublishthework.Ifthatjournaldeclinestopublishthemanuscript,itcanbesenttoadifferentjournalforconsideration.

Despitethebesteffortsofreviewers,casesofscientificmisconductdooccurandincorrectorunsubstantiateddatadoesgetpublished.Somecasesturnouttobeelaboratehoaxes.Forexample,in1912CharlesDawsonshowedoffpartsofaskullandjawbonetothepublicandconvincedscientiststhatthefossilsrepresentedthemissinglinkbetweenmanandapeDawson's"PiltdownMan"confusedthescientificcommunityfor40yearsuntilitwasdiscoveredthattheskullwasonly500yearsoldratherthan500,000,andthejawbonewasthatofanorangutan.Inotherinstancesofmisconduct,datainscientificjournalshasbeeninadequatelydocumentedorimproperlyreportedCasesofscientificmisconductarerarebutimportantbecauseofthepublicitytheyreceiveoncetheyarediscovered,erodingthepublic'strustinthepeer-reviewsystemandscienceitself.Tokeepthistypeofconductincheck,scientificarticlesincludedetaileddescriptionsofexperimentalprotocolsthatenableotherstoreproduceexperiments.

1.Scientificjournalsmakeforreliablereadingowingto（

）.

2.Qualifiedpeerreviewers

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Itcanbeinferredthatscientificjournals

（

）.

5.Scientificmisconduct（

）.

問題1選項

A.theliteracyrateofreaders

B.thepracticeofpeerreview

C.thereputationoftheeditors

D.thecooperationamongauthors

問題2選項

A.shouldhavetherelevantexpertiseandvastknowledge

B.fullydominatetheeditorialdecisionsaboutpublication

C.needtodiscusswithotherreviewersforsakeoffairness

D.helprewritethesubmittedmanuscripttoimproveitsquality

問題3選項

A.Conflictsofinterestamongreviewersresultfromresearchgrants.

B.Manuscriptsareusuallypublishedasoriginallysubmittedtoajournal.

C.Reviewers'identitiesarekeptconfidentialtoensureobjectivejudgment.

D.Informationinamanuscriptremainssecretinthescientificcommunity.

問題4選項

A.allowsimultaneoussubmissionandduplicatepublication

B.areforcedtoprovidereliableandcredibleinformationforreaders

C.alwaysmakeresearcharticlesdigitalandopenlyaccessibleonline

D.aremorelikelytopublishresearchfindingsinthefieldtheyspecializein

問題5選項

A.couldbeidentifiedanddetectedeasily

B.emergesastheby-productofthepeer-reviewsystem

C.occurssoinfrequentlythatfewreviewerscareaboutit

D.mayinvolvedatafalsificationorinadequatedocumentation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細節事實題。由文章第一段中Scientificjournalscanprovidereliableinformationbecauseoftheprocesscalled"peerreview"（科學期刊可以提供可靠的信息，是因為被稱為“同行評審”的這一過程）可知選B。

第2題:細節事實題。由文章第二段中Peer-reviewisperformedbyknowledgeablescientistswhoarenotdirectlyinvolvedwiththeresearchbeingevaluated.（同行評審是由沒有直接參與正在評估研究的知識淵博的科學家進行的）可知A選項“應具備相關的專業知識和廣博的知識”符合題意。

第3題:細節事實題。由文章第二段中reviewersidentitiesaregenerallynotrevealedtomanuscriptauthors.Thislaterruleisintendedtofreereviewersfromanysocialpressures,allowingthemtoconsideronlythequalityofthesciencebeforethem.（評審者的身份通常不會透露給原稿作者。這后一條規則旨在讓評審者免受任何社會壓力的影響，讓他們只考慮到他們面前的科學的質量）可知C選項“評審人員的身份是保密的，以確保客觀判斷”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第四段中Manuscriptscommonlyundergoseveralroundsofrevisionbytheauthorsbeforebeingsubmittedtoajournalforpeerreview,Journalsvaryintheirselectivityandfocus.Consequently,manuscriptsarefirstsenttothemostwidelyreadjournallikelytopublishthework.（原稿在提交給同行評審之前，通常要經過作者的幾輪修改，期刊的選擇性和側重點各不相同。因此，原稿首先被送到很可能會發表這篇文章的閱讀最廣泛的期刊上）可推測科學期刊很可能是發表其專門從事的領域的研究成果。

第5題:細節事實題。由文章最后一段第一句中casesofscientificmisconductdooccurandincorrectorunsubstantiateddatadoesgetpublished（確實會發生科學不當行為，不正確或未經證實的數據也會被公布）可知選D。

6.單選題

Ananalysisoftheideasinthenovelcompelsananalysisoftheformofthework,particularlywhenformandcontentareas（）astheyareinTheHouseoftheSevenGables.

問題1選項

A.symptomatic

B.delineated

C.integrated

D.conspicuous

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：對小說理念的分析使人不得不分析作品的形式，特別是當形式和內容像它們在《兇宅七角樓》里一樣（）的時候。

symptomatic有癥狀的，癥候的；delineated描繪；integrated綜合的，相互協調的；conspicuous顯著的，明顯的。選項C“相互協調的”符合題意。

7.單選題

Here’sthescarythingabouttheidentity-theftringthatthefedscrackedlastweek:therewasnothinganyofitsestimated40,000victimscouldhavedonetopreventitfromhappening.Thiswasaninsidejob,accordingtocourtdocuments.Alowlyhelp-deskworkeratTeledataCommunications,asoftwarefirmthathelpsbanksaccesscreditreportsonline,allegedlystolepasswordsforthosereportsandsoldthemtoagroupof20thievesat$60apop.Thatallowedthegangtocherry-pickconsumerswithgoodcreditandapplyforallkindsofaccountsintheirnames,costtothevictims:$3millionandrising.

Evenscarieristhis,thelargestidentity-theftbusttodate,isjustadropinthebitbucket.Morethan700,000Americanshavetheircredithijackedeveryyear.It’soneofcrime’sbiggestgrowthmarkets.Aname,addressandSocialSecuritynumber—whichcanoftenbefoundontheWeb—isallanybodyneedstoapplyforaboguslineofcredit.Creditcompaniesmake$1.3trillionannuallyandloselessthan2%ofthatrevenuetofraud,sothere’slittlefinancialincentiveforthemtomaketheapplicationprocessmoresecure.Asitstandsnow,it’suptoyoutoprotectyouridentity.

Thegoodnewsisthatthereareplentyofstepsyoucantake.Mostcreditthievesareopportunists,notwell-organizedgangs.AlotofthemgoDumpsterdivingforthosemillionsof“pre-approved”credit-cardmailingsthatgoouteveryday.Othersstealwalletsandreturnthem,takingonlyaSocialSecuritynumber.ShreddingyourjunkmailandleavingyourSocialSecuritycardathomecansavealotofagonylater.

Butthemosteffectivewaytokeepyouridentitycleanistocheckyourcreditreportsonceortwiceayear.Therearethreemajorcredit—reportoutfits:Equifax(atE),TransUnion()andExperian(E).Allallowyoutoorderreportsonline,whichisalotbetterthanwadingthroughvoice-mailhellontheir800lines.Ofthethree,1foundTransUnion’swebsitetobethecheapestandmostcomprehensive—layingoutstate-by-stateprices,rightsandtipsforconsumersineasy-to-readfashion.

Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoliveinColorado,Georgia,Maryland,Massachusetts,NewJerseyorVermont,youareentitledtoonefreereportayearbylaw.Otherwiseit’sgoingtocost$8to$14eachtime.Avoidservicesthatoffertomonitoryourreportsyear-roundforabout$70;that’s$10morethanthegoingrateamongthieves.Ifyouthinkyou’reavictimofidentitytheft,youcanaskforfraudalertstobeputonfileateachofthethreecredit-reportcompanies.Youcanalsodownloadatheft-reportformatwww.consumer.gor/idtheft,which,alongwithalocalpolicereport,shouldhelpwheniratecreditorscomeknocking.Justdon’texpectjustice.Thataudacioushelp-deskworkerwasoneofthefewerthan2%ofidentitythieveswhoareevercaught.

1.Whatisthetrendofcredit-theftcrime?

2.Theexpression“insidejob”mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Thecreditorscanprotecttheiridentityinthefollowingwayexcept（）.

4.Whyisiteasytohavecredit-theft?

5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Tightlysuppressed.

B.Morefrightening.

C.Rapidlyincreasing.

D.Looselycontrolled.

問題2選項

A.acrimethatiscommittedbyapersonworkingforthevictim

B.acrimethatshouldbepunishedseverely

C.acrimethatdoesgreatharmtothevictim

D.acrimethatposesagreatthreattothesociety

問題3選項

A.destroyingyourjunkmail

B.leavingyourSocialSecuritycardathome

C.visitingthecredit-reportwebsiteregularly

D.obtainingthefreereportfromthegovernment

問題4選項

A.Morepeopleareusingcreditservices.

B.Theapplicationprogramisnotsafeenough.

C.Creditorsusuallydisclosetheiridentity.

D.Creditorsarenotcarefulabouttheiridentity.

問題5選項

A.Thedangerofcredit-theft

B.Thelossofthecreditors

C.Howtoprotectyourgoodname

D.Whythecreditorslosetheiridentity

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Evenscarieristhis,thelargestidentity-theftbusttodate,isjustadropinthebitbucket.Morethan700,000Americanshavetheircredithijackedeveryyear.It’soneofcrime’sbiggestgrowthmarkets”,更可怕的是，這是迄今為止最大規模的身份盜竊案，不過是滄海一粟。每年有超過70萬美國人的信用被劫持。這是最大的犯罪增長市場之一。由此可知，信用盜竊犯罪率呈上升趨勢。因此C選項符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第一段“Alowlyhelp-deskworkeratTeledataCommunications,asoftwarefirmthathelpsbanksaccesscreditreportsonline,allegedlystolepasswordsforthosereportsandsoldthemtoagroupof20thievesat$60apop”,TeledataCommunications是一家幫助銀行在線獲取信用報告的軟件公司，據稱該公司的一名地位低下的咨詢臺工作人員竊取了這些報告的密碼，并以每份60美元的價格將其賣給了20名盜賊。由此可知，insidejob意味著公司內部人員對受害者犯下的罪行。因此A選項符合題意。

3.細節事實題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第三段“ShreddingyourjunkmailandleavingyourSocialSecuritycardathomecansavealotofagonylater”和第四段“Butthemosteffectivewaytokeepyouridentitycleanistocheckyourcreditreportsonceortwiceayear”，相對應選項A、B、C，選項D以偏概全，只適用于特定的幾個州，而不是所有的，因此D選項符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第二段“Aname,addressandSocialSecuritynumber—whichcanoftenbefoundontheWeb—isallanybodyneedstoapplyforaboguslineofcredit.Creditcompaniesmake$1.3trillionannuallyandloselessthan2%ofthatrevenuetofraud,sothere’slittlefinancialincentiveforthemtomaketheapplicationprocessmoresecure”,一個名字、地址和社會安全號碼——這些可以在網上找到——是任何人申請虛假信用額度所需要的全部。信用公司每年賺1.3萬億美元，但因欺詐而損失的收入不到2%，所以他們沒有什么經濟動機來提高申請程序的安全性。由此可知，應用程序不夠安全是信用卡容易遭到盜竊的原因。因此B選項符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。定位整篇文章內容，從信用盜竊討論，主要涉及保護個人信息。因此C選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Theteachersuggestedthatherstudents（）experienceswithESP.

問題1選項

A.writeacompositionontheir

B.towritecompositionaboutthe

C.wrotesomecompositionsofhisorher

D.hadwrittenanycompositionsforhis考查虛擬語氣。表示建議、要求、命令相關的單詞+that引導的賓語從句，從句要用虛擬語氣。其形式是should（可以省略）+動詞原形。句意：老師建議她的學生寫一篇關于他們有關ESP經歷的作文。所以本題的正確答案是A選項。

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。表示建議、要求、命令相關的單詞+that引導的賓語從句，從句要用虛擬語氣。其形式是should（可以省略）+動詞原形。句意：老師建議她的學生寫一篇關于他們有關ESP經歷的作文。所以本題的正確答案是A選項。

9.單選題

Intheearly1950s,historianswhostudiedpreindustrialEurope(whichwemaydefinehereasEuropeintheperiodfromroughly1300to1800)began,forthefirsttimeinlargenumbers,toinvestigatemoreofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulationthanthe2or3percentwhocomprisedthepoliticalandsocialelitethekings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,andlocalmagnateswhohadhithertousuallyfilledhistorybooks.Onedifficulty,however,wasthatfewoftheremaining97percentrecordedtheirthoughtsorhadthemchroniclebycontemporaries.Facedwiththissituation,manyhistoriansbasedtheirinvestigationsontheonlyrecordsthatseemedtoexistbirth,marriage,anddeathrecords.Asaresult,muchoftheearlyworkonthenonelitewasaridlystatisticalinnature;reducingthevastmajorityofthepopulationtoasetofnumberswashardlymoreenlighteningthanignoringthemaltogether.Historiansstilldidnotknowwhatthesepeoplethoughtorfelt.

Onewayoutofthisdilemmawastoturntotherecordsoflegalcourts,forherethevoicesofthenonelitecanmostoftenbeheardaswitnesses,plaintiffsanddefendants.Thesedocumentshaveactedas“apointofenterintothementalworldofthepoor”.HistorianssuchasLeRoyLadurieshaveusedthedocumentstoextractcasehistories,whichhaveilluminatedtheattitudesofdifferentsocialgroups(theseattitudesinclude,butarenotconfinedto,attitudestowardcrimeandthelaw)andhaverevealedhowtheauthoritiesadministeredjustice.IthasbeensocietiesthathavehadadevelopedpolicesystemandpracticedRomanlaw,withitswrittendepositions,whosecourtrecordshaveyieldedthemostdatatohistorians.InAnglo-Saxoncountrieshardlyanyofthesebenefitsobtain,butithasstillbeenpossibletogleaninformationfromthestudyoflegaldocuments.

Theextractionofcasehistoriesisnot,however,theonlyusetowhichcourtrecordsmaybeput.HistorianswhostudypreindustrialEuropehaveusedtherecordstoestablishaseriesofcategoriesofcrimeandtoquantifyindictmentsthatwereissuedoveragivennumberofyears.Thisuseoftherecordsdoesyieldsomeinformationaboutthenonelite,butthisinformationgivesuslittleinsightintothementallivesofthenonelite.WealsoknowthatthenumberofindictmentsinpreindustrialEuropebearslittlerelationtothenumberofactualcriminalacts,andwestronglysuspectthattherelationshiphasvariedwidelyovertime.Inaddition,aggregatepopulationestimatesareveryshaky,whichmakesitdifficultforhistorianstocompareratesofcrimeperthousandinonedecadeofthepreindustrialperiodwithratesinanotherdecade.Given,oneinadequacies,itisclearwhythecasehistoryuseofcourtrecordsistobepreferred.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhat,beforetheearly1950’s,mosthistorianswhostudiedpreindustrialEuropedidwhichofthefollowing?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmuchoftheearlyworkbyhistoriansontheEuropeannoneliteofthepreindustrialperiodmighthavebeenmoreilluminatingifthesehistorianshad（

）.

3.TheauthormentionsLeRoyLadurieinorderto（

）.

4.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrueofindictmentsforcrimeinEuropeinthepreindustrialperiod?

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatahistorianwhowishedtocomparecrimeratesperthousandinaEuropeancityinonedecadeofthefifteenthcenturywithcrimeratesinonedecadeofthatcenturywouldprobablybemostaidedbybetterinformationaboutwhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項

A.FailedtomakedistinctionsamongmembersofthepreindustrialEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelite.

B.Usedinvestigatorymethodsthatwerealmostexclusivelystatisticalinnature.

C.InaccuratelyestimatedtheinfluenceofthepreindustrialEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelite.

D.ConfinedtheirworktoanarrowrangeofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulation.

問題2選項

A.useddifferentmethodsofstatisticalanalysistoinvestigatethenonelite

B.beenmoresuccessfulinidentifyingtheattitudesofcivilauthorities,especiallythosewhoadministeredjustice,towardthenonelite

C.beenabletodrawonmoreaccounts,writtenbycontemporariesofthenonelite,thatdescribedwhatthisnonelitethought

D.reliedmoreheavilyonthepersonalrecordsleftbymembersoftheEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelitewholivedduringtheperiodinquestion

問題3選項

A.giveanexampleofahistorianwhohasmadeonekindofuseofcourtrecord

B.citeahistorianwhohasbasedcasehistoriesonthebirth,marriage,anddeathrecordsofthenonelite

C.identifytheauthorofthequotationcitedintheprevioussentence

D.gainauthoritativesupportfortheviewthatthecasehistoryapproachisthemostfruitfulapproachtocourtrecords

問題4選項

A.Theyhaveintermsoftheirnumbers,remainedrelativelyconstantovertime.

B.Theygivethehistorianimportantinformationaboutthementallivesofthoseindicted.

C.Theyarenotaparticularlyaccurateindicationoftheextentofactualcriminalactivity.

D.Theirimportancetohistoriansofthenonelitehasbeengenerally.

問題5選項

A.Thecausesofunrestinthecityduringthetwodecades.

B.Theaggregatenumberofindictmentsinthecitynearesttothecityunder.

C.Thenumberofpeoplewholivedinthecityduringeachofthedecadesunderinvestigation.

D.Thementalattitudesofcriminalsinthecity,includingtheirfeelingsaboutauthority,duringeachofthedecadesunderinvestigation.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段開頭提到二十世紀五十年代早期，研究前工業化時代歐洲的史學家首次以眾多的人數開始調查前工業化人口中的大多數，而不是那些少數的精英，如國王、將軍、法官、貴族等（Intheearly1950s,historianswhostudiedpreindustrialEurope(whichwemaydefinehereasEuropeintheperiodfromroughly1300to1800)began,forthefirsttimeinlargenumbers,toinvestigatemoreofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulationthanthe2or3percentwhocomprisedthepoliticalandsocialelitethekings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,andlocalmagnateswhohadhithertousuallyfilledhistorybooks），由此可推測，在此之前的研究是集中在少數人身上，因此選項D“將他們的研究范圍限定在前工業化歐洲的小部分人”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文中可推斷出，如果史學家……,那么他們關于前工業時代歐洲非精英階層的許多早期著作可能更具啟發性”。文章第一段提到一個難題是剩下的97%的人中很少有人記錄了他們的想法，或者他們同時代人的編年史（Onedifficulty,however,wasthatfewoftheremaining97percentrecordedtheirthoughtsorhadthemchroniclebycontemporaries），意味著如果能夠利用同時代的非精英所寫的敘述來描述非精英人的想法，將會更具啟發性，因此選項C符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第二段提到擺脫這種困境的一種方法是求助于合法法庭的記錄，因為在這里，非精英的聲音通常可以作為證人、原告和被告的身份被聽到（Onewayoutofthisdilemmawastoturntotherecordsoflegalcourts,forherethevoicesofthenonelitecanmostoftenbeheardaswitnesses,plaintiffsanddefendants），接著提到LeRoylad陪審團等歷史學家使用過這些文件（HistorianssuchasLeRoyLadurieshaveusedthedocumentstoextractcasehistories,whichhaveilluminatedtheattitudesofdifferentsocialgroups），由此可知選項A符合題意。

4.細節事實題。文章最后一段提到這些記錄的使用確實產生了一些關于非精英的信息，但這些信息并不能讓我們洞察到非精英的精神生活（Thisuseoftherecordsdoesyieldsomeinformationaboutthenonelite,butthisinformationgivesuslittleinsightintothementallivesofthenonelite），由此可知選項C“它們并不能特別準確地表明實際犯罪活動的程度”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章中可知，一個歷史學家希望將歐洲15世紀一個十年內每千人的犯罪率與那個世紀十年內的犯罪率對比，可能最得益于下列哪個信息？”文章最后一段提到對人口總數的估計不可靠，這使得歷史學家很難比較前工業化時期十年內的每千人犯罪率與另一個十年的犯罪率（Inaddition,aggregatepopulationest