結構由數目固定的成員構成各成員可以具有不同的數據類型一個結構變量在內存占有一片連續的 空間5.3

結構struct

標識符{類型成員1

;類型成員2

;…類型成員n

;}

;5.3.1

定義結構結構類型定義形式為：例：struct

employee{

char name

[

10

]

;long

code

;double salary

;r

address

[

50

]

;char phone

[

20

]

;}

;類型名5.3.1定義結構可以用不同方法定義一個結構變量(1)

類型之后 變量例：struct

employee{

char

name

[

10

]

;long

code

;double

salary;char

address

[

50

]

;char

phone

[

20

]

;}

;employee

worker1,

worker2,

*Emp

;5.3.1定義結構例：struct

employee{

char name

[

10

]

;long

code

;double salary

;char

address

[

50

]

;char phone

[

20

]

;}worker1,

worker2,

*Emp

;可以用不同方法定義一個結構變量類型之后

變量類型的同時 變量5.3.1定義結構}worker1,

worker2,

*Emp

;可以用不同方法定義一個結構變量類型之后

變量類型的同時 變量直接

結構類型變量例：struct

employee{

char name

[

10

]

;long

code

;double salary

;char

address

[

50

]

;char phone

[

20

]

;5.3.1定義結構例：struct

employee{

char name

[

10

]

;long

code

;double salary

;char

address

[

50

]

;char phone

[

20

]

;}

;employee

worker1,

worker2,*Emp

=

&worker1

;Wang

Li9910834561200.5guang

zhou87111111說明(1)結構變量占有一片連續內存空間，具有結構類型的特征Emp

worker15.3.1定義結構struct

date{

int month

;int

day

;int

year

;}

;struct

employee{

char name

[

10

]

;date

birthday

;long code

;double salary

;char

address

[

50

]

;char phone

[

11

]

;} worker1,

worker2

;說明(2)一個結構類型的成員可以是另一個已定義的結構類型例如:為職工結構添加出生日期信息類型和變量 為:son

;5.3.1定義結構說明(2)一個結構類型的成員可以是另一個已定義的結構類型struct{

char name

[

10

]

;long code

;double salary

;char

address

[

50

]

;char phone

[

11

]

;} worker1,

worker2

;錯誤不能實現的無窮遞歸結構5.3.1定義結構說明(3)

結構類型變量可以同時初始化struct

employee{

char

name

[

10

]

;long code

;double salary

;char

address

[

50

];char

phone

[

11

];}

worker

=

{"Wang

Li

"

,

991083456,

1200.5,

"guang

zhou

"

,"

87111111

"

}

;結構變量.成員點運算符（1）

結構變量的成員//例5-8#

include

<iostream>using

namespace

std

;struct

weather//結構類型double

wind; }

;{

double

temp;int

main

(){

weather

today

;//結構類型變量today

.

temp

=

10.5

;//對結構變量成員賦值today

.

wind

=

3.1

;cout

<<

“Temp

=

”

<<

today

.

temp

<<

endl

;//按成員輸出cout

<<

“Wind

=

”

<<

today

.

wind

<<

endl

;}結構變量成員5.3.2結構結構指針->成員(*結構指針).成員（2）用指針//例5-9double

salary;

}

;#

include

<iostream>using

namespace

std

;#

include

<cstring>struct{

char

name[20]

; unsigned

long

id;int

main(

){//定義結構指針//取結構變量地址//對結構成員賦值cout

<<

pp

->

name

<<

‘\t’

<<

pp

->

id

<<‘\t’

<<

pp

->

salary

<<

endl

;}pr1

;**

pppp

;;pp

=

&

pr1

;strcpy

(

pp

->

nnaame

,

“David

Marat”

)

;pp

->

id

=

987654321

;pp->

salary

=

335.0

;5.3.2結構結構變量的成員結構指針->成員(*結構指針).成員（2）用指針//例5-9double

salary;

}

;#

include

<iostream>using

namespace

std

;#

include

<cstring>struct{

char

name[20]

; unsigned

long

id;int

main(

){pr1

;*

pp

;pp

=

&

pr1

;//定義結構指針//取結構變量地址//對結構成員賦值cout

<<

pp

->

name

<<

‘\t’

<<

pp

->

id

<<‘\t’

<<

pp

->

salary

<<

endl

;}strcpy(

p(*pp-p>).nnaame

,

“David

Marat”

)

;(p*pp>).

id

=

987654321

;(p*pp->).salary

=

335.0

;5.3.2結構結構變量的成員today

=

yesterday

;//結構變量整體賦值cout

<<

“Temp

=

”

<<

today

.

temp<<

endl

;cout

<<

“Wind

=

”

<<

today

.

wind

<<

endl

;}（3）類型相同的結構變量可以整體賦值//例5-10#

include

<iostream>using

namespace

std

;struct

weather{

double

temp;

double

wind; }

yesterday

;int

main

(){

weather

today

;yesterday

.

temp

=

10.5

;yesterday

.

wind

=

3.1

;5.3.2

結構double

wind; }

yesterday

;例如：struct

weather1{

double

temp;struct

weather2{

double

temp;double

wind; }

today

;（3）類型相同的結構變量可以整體賦值“類型相同的變量”是指用同一類型標識符說明的變量yesterday

和today盡管成員相同，但不是同類型變量不可以整體賦值5.3.2結構（4）結構類型參數函數的結構類型參數可以傳值、指針及參數5.3.2結構#

include

<iostream>using

namespace

std

;struct

weather{

double

temp;

double

wind; }

;void

funstu(weather

w){

w.temp=15;w.wind=2.3;cout

<<

"

fun：\nTemp

=

"

<<

w.temp

<<

ecout

<<

"Wind

=

"

<<

w.wind

<<

endl

;}int

main

(

){

weather

day

;day

.

temp

=

10.5

;day

.

wind

=3.1

;cout

<<

"1：\nTemp

=

"

<<

day.temp

<<

ecout

<<

"Wind

=

"

<<

day.wind

<<

endl

;funstu(day);cout

<<

"

2：\nTemp

=

"

<<

day.temp<<

ecout

<<

"Wind=

"

<<

day.wind

<<

endl

;}傳值#

include

<iostream>using

namespace

std

;struct

weather{

double

temp;

double

wind; }

;void

funstu(weather

&w){

w.temp=15;w.wind=2.3;cout

<<

"

fun：\nTemp

=

"

<<

w.temp

<<encout

<<

"Wind

=

"

<<

w.wind

<<

endl

;}int

main

(

){

weather

day

;day

.

temp

=

10.5

;day

.

wind

=3.1

;cout

<<

"1：\nTemp

=

"

<<

day.temp

<<encout

<<

"Wind

=

"

<<

day.wind

<<

endl

;funstu(day);cout

<<

"

2：\nTemp

=

"

<<

day.temp<<

encout

<<

"Wind=

"

<<

day.wind

<<

endl

;}參數#

include

<iostream>using

namespace

std

;struct

weather{

double

temp;

double

wind; }

;void

funstu(weather

*w){

w->temp=15;w->wind=2.3;cout

<<

"

fun：\nTemp

=

"

<<

w->temp

<<cout

<<

"Wind=

"

<<

w->wind

<<

endl

;}int

main

(

){

weather

day

;day

.

temp

=

10.5

;day

.

wind

=3.1

;nncout

<<

"1：\nTemp

=

"

<<

day.temp

<<

ecout

<<

"Wind

=

"

<<

day.wind

<<

endl

;funstu(&day);cout

<<

"

2：\nTemp

=

"

<<

day.temp<<

ecout

<<

"Wind=

"

<<

day.wind

<<

endl

;}傳地址S_ary[0].xS_ary[1].xS_ary[0].aS_ary[1].a……S_ary[9].aS_ary[9].x5.4

結構數組數組的元素類型為結構類型時，稱為結構數組。例如struct

S_type{

int

a;

double

x;};S_type

S_ary[10];S_ary是一個有10個元素的數組，元素類型是S_type。數組的每一個元素包含兩個數據成員。#

include

<iostream>using

namespace

std

;struct//結構定義{

char

name[10]

;

unsigned

int

id;

double

salary

;

}

;allone[6];

//結構數組int

main

(

){

int

i

; temp

;for

(

i

=

0

;

i

<

6

;

i

++

)//結構變量//輸入數據{

cout<<

i

<<

":name:

"

;

cgets

(

allone[i].name

)

;cout

<<

"id:

"

; cin

>>

allone[i].id

;cout

<<

"salary:

"

; cin>>

allone[i].salary

;cout

<<

endl

;}

;cout

<<

"Sort:\n"

;for(i=1;i<6;i++)

//以成員salary作關鍵字排序{

for

(

int

j=

0;

j<=

5-i

;

j++

){if(allone[j].salary>allone[j+1].salary

)

//結構變量的整體交換{

temp

=

allone[j]

; allone[j]

=

allone[j+1]

; allone[j+1]

=

temp

;

}}}for(i=0;i<6;i++)

//輸出排序后數據cout

<<

allone[i].name

<<

'\t'

<<

allone[i].id

<<

'\t'

<<

allone[i].salary

<<

endl

;}例5-11

對結構數組以某一成員作關鍵字排序{

int

i

;for

(

i

=

0

;

i

<

6

;

i

++

){

cout<<

i

<<

":name:

"

;

cgets

(

allone[i].name

)

;cout

<<

"id:

"

; cin

>>

allone[i].id

;cout

<<

"salary:

"

; cin>>

allone[i].salary

;cout

<<

endl

;}

;cout

<<

"Sort:\n"

;for(i=1;i<6;i++)

//以成員salary作關鍵字排序{

for

(

int

j=

0;

j<=

5-i

;

j++

){if(allone[j].salary>allone[j+1].salary

)

//結構變量的整體交換{

temp

=

allone[j]

; allone[j]

=

allone[j+1]

; allone[j+1]

=

temp

;

}}}for(i=0;i<6;i++)

//輸出排序后數據cout

<<

allone[i].name

<<

'\t'

<<

allone[i].id

<<

'\t'

<<

allone[i].salary

<<

endl

;}例5-11

對結構數組以某一成員作關鍵字排序#

include

<iostream>using

namespace

std

;struct//結構定義{

char

name[10]

;

unsigned

int

id;

double

salary;

};allone[6]

;temp

;//結構數組//結構變量//輸入數據#

include

<iostream>using

namespace

std

;struct//結構定義{

char

name[10]

;

unsigned

int

id;

double

salary

;

}

;//結構數組{

if

(

allone[j].salary

>

allone[j+1].salary

)//結構變量的整體交換{

temp

=

allone[j]

; allone[j]

=

allone[j+1]

; allone[j+1]

=

temp

;

}}}for(i=0;i<6;i++)

//輸出排序后數據cout

<<

allone[i].name

<<

'\t'

<<

allone[i].id

<<

'\t'

<<

allone[i].salary

<<

endl

;}例5-11

對結構數組以某一成員作關鍵字排序allone[6]

;int

main

(

){

int

i

;temp

;for

(

i

=

0;

i

<

6

;

i

++

)//結構變量//輸入數據{

cout

<<

i

<<

":

name:

"

;

cgets

(

allone[i].name

)

;cout

<<

"id:

"; cin

>>

allone[i].id

;cin

>>

allone[i].salary

;cout

<<

"salary:

"

;cout

<<

endl

;}

;接受空格輸入#

include

<iostream>using

namespace

std

;struct//結構定義{

char

name[10]

;

unsigned

int

id;

double

salary

;

}

;allone[6];

//結構數組int

main

(

){int

i; temp;//結構變量for(i=0;i<6;i++)

//輸入數據例5-11

對結構數組以某一成員作關鍵字排序{

cout<<

i

<<

":name:

"

;

cgets

(

allone[i].name

)

;cout

<<

"id:

"

; cin

>>

allone[i].id

;cout

<<

"salary:

"

; cin

>>

allone[i]

salary

;cout

<<

“Sort:\n"

;//以成員salary作關鍵字排序for

(

i=1

;

i

<

6

;

i

++

){

for

(

int

j

=

0

;

j

<=

5-i

;

j

++

){

if

(

allone[j].salary

>

allone[j+1].salary

)//結構變量的整體交換{

temp

=

allone[j]

; allone[j]

=

allone[j+1]

; allone[j+1]

=

temp

;

}}}for(i=0;i<6;i++)

//輸出排序后數據cout

<<

allone[i].name

<<

'\t'

<<

allone[i].id

<<

'\t'

<<

allone[i].salary

<<

endl

;}冒泡排序#

include

<iostream>using

namespace

std

;struct//結構定義{

char

name[10]

;

unsigned

int

id;

double

salary

;

}

;allone[6];

//結構數組int

main

(

){int

i; temp;//結構變量for(i=0;i<6;i++)

//輸入數據{

cout<<

i

<<

":name:

"

;

cgets

(

allone[i].name

)

;cout

<<

"id:

"

; cin

>>

allone[i].id

;cout

<<

"salary:

"

; cin>>

allone[i].salary

;cout

<<

endl

;}

;cout

<<

"Sort:\n"

;for(i=1;i<6;i++)

//以成員salary作關鍵字排序{

for

(

int

j=

0;

j<=

5-i

;

j++

){if(allone[j].salary>allone[j+1].salary

)

//結構變量的整體交換{

temp

=

allone[j]

; allone[j]

=

allone[j+1]

; allone[j+1]

=

temp

;

}