Unit2ParentsandChildren（第3課時(shí)）Grammar動(dòng)名詞的功能1.Ijustfeellearning

Englishistoodifficultforme.2.LearningEnglishmeansspeakingandusingEnglishasmuchasyoucan.3.Iamveryafraidofmakingmistakesinusingit.4.Whatyoucandothenistokeeppractisingit.Lookatthesentences,payingattentiontothecoloredwords.Thecoloredwordsareallv-ing.Whatthefunctionarethey?The“-ing”Participle(Ⅱ)一、動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成和性質(zhì)動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成，是一種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。其構(gòu)成法與現(xiàn)在分詞一樣。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)，又有名詞性質(zhì)。1）動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)表現(xiàn)在：可有賓語和狀語一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語。e.g.

Ihopeyoudon’tmindmysayingit.2）動(dòng)名詞的名詞性質(zhì)表現(xiàn)在：在句中可用作主語、賓語、定語、表語

。e.g.Travellingabroadcanbeveryexciting.[觀察]觀察下列句子中動(dòng)詞-ing形式的用法，然后加以總結(jié)。1.Playingwithfireisverydangerous.2.Cleaningtheclassroomisourduty.一、作主語。3.Itisnouse/uselesscryingoverspiltmilk.4.Itisnogoodquarrellingwithothers.5.Thereisnofightingwithhim.…無用的…無好處的…不可能的/沒有會(huì)…★動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)，為了保持句子平衡，可以用it作形式主語，而動(dòng)詞-ing形式（短語）則放在_______作真正的主語。句后★動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語常用來表示經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，通常放在_______。句首★動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。★請(qǐng)記住：

Itisnogood/use/uselessdoingsth.Thereisnodoingsth.Itisnogoodwalking

intherain.Itisawasteofsthdoingsth/todosth.e.g.Itisawasteoftimeplayingwithyou/toplaywithyou.注意Isitanygoodwalkingintherain?Ithinkitnogoodwalkingintherain.★對(duì)稱性Seeingisbelieving.Sayingiseasierthandoing.★動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語的區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞作主語表示經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作/抽象的行為。不定式作主語表示具體的一次性的行為L(zhǎng)earningfromothersisnecessary.Toplaysoccerisinteresting.★動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

Hisbeingillmadeherworried.不能用Himbeingill1.Theydon’tallowfishinginthelake.2.Mymotheradvisedaskingadoctortocomeandexaminehereyes.二、作賓語總結(jié)★有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，而不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。動(dòng)詞有：allowadviseadmit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forbid,fancy,imagine,keep,mind,miss,permit,practice,pardon,quit,risk,resist,suggest等。但是but/except后不接-ing作賓語Peterisgoingnowherebut/excepttowork.1.Iamproudofhavingwonsomanygoldmedals.2.Shewentawaywithoutsayinggoodbye.3.Myfatherhasbeenusedtogoingtobedlateandgettingupveryearly.4.Hehassomedifficultyinfindingherhouse.總結(jié)總結(jié)keepon,devote…to,insiston;payattentionto,stickto,giveup;putoff等+doing1.Hehassomedifficultyinfindingherhouse.2.Heisbusypreparingforameetingthisafternoon.總結(jié)★bebusydoingsth.,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.,beworthdoingsth.,spendsometime/money(in)doingsth.,haveahardtime(in)doingsth.Thereisnosense/point(in)doing

都是慣用句型，其中的動(dòng)詞-ing形式不能換成不定式。動(dòng)名詞★有些動(dòng)詞后既可跟________，也可跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，但用法和意義都有所不同。這些動(dòng)詞是：remember,forget,regret,stop,try,mean，goon,can’thelp,lookforwardto,beusedto等。remember/forget/regret+doing/havingdone+todo★有些動(dòng)詞后既可跟________，也可跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，但用法和意義都無多大區(qū)別。

like/love/prefer/hate/begin/start//continue/intend…動(dòng)名詞只是動(dòng)名詞作賓語表示經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作/抽象的行為。不定式作賓語表示具體的一次性的行為IlikeplayingbadmintonbutthisafternoonIdon’tliketoplayit.★動(dòng)詞-ing形式用在動(dòng)詞need,want,require,deserve（應(yīng)得）等后，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的______形式或者用不定式的被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。Theproblemneedsthinkingcarefully.主動(dòng)Theproblemneedstobethoughtcarefully但是

beworthdoingsthDoyoumindmy/me/Sally/Sally’sleavingnow？總結(jié)★動(dòng)名詞-ing形式作賓語，它的邏輯主語，要在其前加上adj.物主代詞或代詞賓格或名詞（所有格）。用作表語，表示一般性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，可和主語對(duì)調(diào)。如：Themainthingisgettingthereintime.Hismainloveissinging.動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同，但其所屬結(jié)構(gòu)迥異，二者不可混淆。試比較：三、作表語Herjobwaswashingclothes.她的工作是洗衣服。（動(dòng)名詞作表語）Shewaswashingclothes.她在洗衣服。（現(xiàn)在分詞與was構(gòu)成過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用作謂語。）用作定語。動(dòng)名詞作定語說明其所修飾名詞的用途。如：Hemaybeinthereadingroom.Everybodywasathisfightingpost.而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，則表示其所修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作四、作定語Thereisaswimmingpoolatthebackofthegarden.(aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming動(dòng)名詞swimming作定語表示名詞的用途)llikethatdancinggirl.(adancinggirl=agirlwhoisdancing現(xiàn)在分詞dancing作定語表示名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)有一些復(fù)合動(dòng)名詞也可用作定語。如：peace-keepingtroops維和部隊(duì)注：動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式:not/never+doingdoing/beingbeing+donehaving+donehavingbeen+done”。Heapologizedtomefornothaving

finishedthework.Shelefttheclassroomwithoutbeingnoticed.練－練

1.Readeachofthefollowingsentencescarefullyanddecidewhetherthereisamistakeornot.Ifyes,markandcorrectit.1).Itisuselesstocryoverspiltmilk.2).Shedidn’tmindleavingaloneathome.3).Doyoumindmemakingasuggestion?4).Iapologizeforhavingnotkeptmypromise.5).Yoursuitneedsironing.6).Jimforgotmailingtheletterforme.cryingbeingleftnothavingtomail2.Underlinethe“-ing”participleineachofthefollowingsentencesandstateitsgrammaticalfunction.Excusemyopeningyourletterbymistake.2)Talkingmendsnoholes.3)Seeingisbelieving.4)Itisawasteoftimediscussingsuchmatters.5)Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.6)Sheleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetous.賓語主語主語表語主語賓語賓語1.Ican’tstand___withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses__talkingwhilesheworks.[北京高考題]

A.working;stopping

B.towork;stoppingC.working;tostop

D.towork;tostop即學(xué)即用體驗(yàn)高考2.Theysetupan___tableinasmalltemple.

A.operated

B.tooperateC.operate

D.operating3.___isadifficulthabittobreak.

A.SmokeB.SmokedC.SmokingD.Tosmoke4.Wearealllookingforwardto__yourcountry.

A.visitingB.visitC.bevisitingD.beingvisiting5.It’snouse___alotofbookswithoutreadingthem.

A.buy

B.tobuyC.buying

D.bought6.Whenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered___attheparty,butnot___.

A.toarrive;leaving

B.toarrive;toleaveC.arriving;leaving

D.arriving;toleave7.Ihadgreatdifficulty_____thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.（上海2010）A.find B.found C.tofind D.finding8.Billsuggested_____ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.（上海2009）A.havingheld B.tohold C.holding D.holdStudyeachofthefollowingsentences,payingspecialattentiontothecoloredparts.Thenworkwithyourpartnertocompletethetable.1)verb2)object4)subjectApplyingtherule1)Excusemyopeningyourletterbymistake.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫艺`拆了你的信件。2)Talkingmendsnoholes.空談?dòng)谑聼o補(bǔ)。

objectofaverbSubject3)Readingislearning,butapplyingisamoreimportantkindoflearning.閱讀是學(xué)習(xí)，但運(yùn)用是一種更重要的學(xué)習(xí)。4)It’sawasteoftimediscussingsuchmatters.討論這些事情是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。postponedsubjectApplyingtherulesubjectpredicativesubject