住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Findingthecauseofadiseasewillprovidea（

）forresearchonacureforit.

問題1選項

A.prospect

B.incentive

C.spur

D.inducement

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。prospect“前途，預期”；incentive“動機，刺激”；spur“刺激，鞭策”；inducement“誘因”。句意：找出疾病的原因是為其治療方法研究提供前景。選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

I（

）theminister’sfigures,thetruecostoftheprojectismuchhigher.

問題1選項

A.contend

B.agree

C.dispute

D.disagree

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。contend“主張；為……斗爭”；agree“同意”；dispute“辯論；爭吵”；disagree“不同意；不一致”。句意：我懷疑部長所說的數據—項目的實際花費更高。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Themechanicjackedupthecarandthen（

）tochangethetire.

問題1選項

A.advanced

B.went

C.proceeded

D.moved

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。advance“前進，進步”；go“去”；proceed“開始，繼續(xù)進行”；move“移動”。句意：這位機修工用千斤頂頂起汽車，然后換輪胎。選項C符合題意。

4.單選題

SpreadacrosstheUnitedStatesareabout500,000doctors,cheekedbyjowl,inthebigcitiesandthinonthegroundinisolatedsmalltowns.InJune1986,thesecretaryofhealthandhumanservices,Dr.OtisBowen,passedonaviewofhisexperts:5%-15%ofAmerica’s500,000doctorsshouldbecandidatesfordisciplinaryaction,manyofthembecauseofdrugtakingoralcoholism.Othersgivetheirpatientspoorcarebecausetheyaresenile,incompetent,guiltyofmisconductoroutoftouchwithdevelopmentsinmedicine.

Thegranting,orwithdrawal,oflicensestopracticeisinthehandsofstatemedicalboards,buttheyareoverwhelmedwithcomplaintsandlackthemoneytohandleevenafractionofthem.Recently,however,thingshavebeenchanging.In1985,406doctorslosttheirlicenses(comparedwith255in1984),nearly500wereplacedonprobationandnearly1,000receivedreprimandsorhadtheirrighttopracticecurtailed.Thefederalinspectorgeneraldemanded,andwontherightforthestatesandthefederalgovernment,whichprovidehealthcarefortheelderlyandforthepoorundertheMedicareandMedicaidprogramme,torefusepaymenttothedoctorsconsideredunsatisfactory.

Yetputtingthesepowersintopracticeisprovingtobefarfromeasy.Ofthe35doctorssofardeniedreimbursementfromMedicare,almostallworkinlightlypopulatedruralareas.OnMarch27th,theirindignationandthatoftheirpatientswereasympathetichearingbytheSenateFinanceCommittee.Ruraldoctorsmaynotbeasuptodateasthoseinthebigtowns,buttheyareoftentheonlysourceofmedicalhelpformilesaroundandtheirpatientsareloyaltothem.Membersofthereviewboards,whicharepaidbythegovernment,insist,however,thatelderlyandpoorpeopleshouldnotbeforcedtoreceive(andthestatetopayfor)inferiorcare.

AninnovationisonthehorizoninTexas,themostunder-doctoredstateinthecountry(withonlyonedoctorforevery1,100residents).LubbockUniversityissettingupacomputernetworkthatwillenablecountrydoctorstoobtainmedicalexpertiseandaccesstomedicalrecordsinahurry.Theaimistoreducetheisolationofthecountrydoctorsandthus,inthelongrun,toattractmoreyoungdoctorstoruralareas.

1.Themaintopicofthepassageis（

）.

2.Accordingtothetext,disciplinaryactionshouldbetakenagainstthosewhogivepatientspoorcarebecauseofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheunfitdoctors?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatinthenearfuture

（

）.

5.Theparagraphfollowingthetextwouldprobablydiscuss（

）.

問題1選項

A.thepresentsituationofAmericandoctors

B.thelegislationonruralmedicalservices

C.theproblemsofcountrydoctorsandpossiblesolutions

D.somefactorsofdisqualificationofcountrydoctors

問題2選項

A.takingdrugsanddrinkingalcohol

B.feelingremorseoftheirbadbehavior

C.beingprofessionalunskillful

D.beingsickandconservative

問題3選項

A.1,500doctorsweredeprivedoftherighttopracticemedicine.

B.Thefederalgovernmenthasgottherighttodenyreimbursementtothoseunqualifieddoctors.

C.AlmostallthedoctorswhofailtogetpaymentfromMedicareworkindenselypopulatedurbanareas.

D.Patientsintheruralareascomplainaboutthepoortreatmenttheirdoctorsgivethem.

問題4選項

A.therewillbemorequalifieddoctorsinruralareas

B.therewillbeanevenmoreseriousimbalanceofthenumberofruralandurbandoctors

C.countrydoctorsarecompetitiveinbreakingmedicalrecords

D.morepatientswillgotoruralareasformedicaltreatment

問題5選項

A.problemsofurbandoctors

B.othersolutionstoimprovethepresentsituation

C.researchinmedicalscience

D.reductionofstaffinruralhospitals

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章提到美國有一部分醫(yī)生由于各種原因受到處罰（manyofthembecauseofdrugtakingoralcoholism.Othersgivetheirpatientspoorcarebecausetheyaresenile,incompetent,guiltyofmisconductoroutoftouchwithdevelopmentsinmedicine），有的甚至被吊銷執(zhí)照。所以本文主要講述的是美國醫(yī)生的現狀。選項A符合題意。

2.文章第一段最后一句Othersgivetheirpatientspoorcarebecausetheyaresenile,incompetent,guiltyofmisconductoroutoftouchwithdevelopmentsinmedicine提到對不能為患者提供良好護理治療的醫(yī)生進行訓練的原因，因此可以知道選項A“吸毒和酗酒”不包含在內，符合題意。

3.文章第二段最后一句Thefederalinspectorgeneraldemanded,andwontherightforthestatesandthefederalgovernment,whichprovidehealthcarefortheelderlyandforthepoorundertheMedicareandMedicaidprogramme,torefusepaymenttothedoctorsconsideredunsatisfactory提到聯邦政府通過了可以不支付醫(yī)藥費給那些不合格的醫(yī)生，因此選項B符合題意。

4.文章第三段提到農村這些偏遠地方的居民不希望因為某些醫(yī)生專業(yè)能力不足而被吊銷執(zhí)照，盡管如此，審查委員仍然堅持認為老人和窮人不應該接受劣等治療。所以可以推測委員會以后還是會吊銷那些不合格醫(yī)生的營業(yè)執(zhí)照。第四段提到Lubbock大學正在幫助鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生獲得醫(yī)療經驗，目的是為了吸引更多年輕醫(yī)生去鄉(xiāng)村（Theaimistoreducetheisolationofthecountrydoctorsandthus,inthelongrun,toattractmoreyoungdoctorstoruralareas）。所以可以推斷未來鄉(xiāng)村合格醫(yī)生會越來越多。

5.文章前面三段都在敘述美國少部分醫(yī)生專業(yè)能力不合格以及城鄉(xiāng)分配不均勻的情況，第四段提到了改善這一狀況的做法，因此，接下來作者可能會探討除了Lubbock大學之外其他機構對此問題的解決方法。選項B符合題意。

5.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Itiswellthatyoungmenshouldbeginatthebeginningandoccupythemostsubordinatepositions.ManyoftheleadingbusinessmenofPittsburghhadaseriousresponsibilitythrustuponthemattheverythresholdoftheircareer.Theywereintroducedtothebroom,andspentthefirsthoursoftheirbusinesslivessweepingouttheoffice.Inoticewehavejanitorsandjanitressesnowinoffices,andouryoungmenunfortunatelymissthatsalutarybranchofbusinesseducation.Butifbychancetheprofessionalsweeperisabsentanymorning,theboywhohasthegeniusofthefuturepartnerinhimwillnothesitatetotryhishandatthebroom.ItdoesnothurtthenewestcomertosweepouttheofficeifnecessaryIwasoneofthosesweepersmyself.

【答案】年輕人從頭做起，擔任基層職位，這是件好事。匹茲堡很多有名望的商人在創(chuàng)業(yè)之初都身負重任。他們拿過掃把，最初都是清掃辦公室。我注意到我們辦公室清潔工人，這使得我們的年輕人不幸失去了一個受良好商業(yè)教訓的機會。但是如果某天早晨碰巧那位清潔工人沒有來，某位用于未來合伙人氣質的年輕人會毫不猶豫地拿起掃把。如果有必要，新來的員工在辦公室打掃并沒有什么損失。我就一度自己打掃過。

6.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Therailroadindustrycouldnothavegrownaslargeasitdidwithoutsteel.Thefirstrailsweremadeofiron.Butironrailswerenotstrongenoughtosupportheavytrainsrunningathighspeeds.Railroadexecutiveswantedtoreplacethemwithsteelrailsbecausesteelwastenorfifteentimesstrongerandlastedtwentylimeslonger.Beforethe1870’s,however,steelwastooexpensivetobewidelyused.Itwasmadebyaslowandexpensiveprocessofheating,stirring,andreheatingironore.

ThentheinventorHenryBessemerdiscoveredthatdirectingablastofairatmeltedironinafurnacewouldbumouttheimpuritiesthatmadetheironbrittle.Astheairshotthroughthefurnace,thebubblingmetalwoulderuptinshowersofsparks.Whenthefirecooled,themetalhadbeenchanged,orconverted,tosteel.TheBessemerconvertermadepossiblethemassproductionofsteel.Nowthreetofivetonsofironcouldbechangedintosteelinamatterofminutes.

【答案】沒有鋼鐵，鐵路工業(yè)不可能發(fā)展到今天的規(guī)模。第一段鐵軌是鐵做的。但是鐵制鐵軌還不夠堅硬，承受不了沉重的火車高速運行。鐵路高管們想用鋼軌取代鐵軌，因為鋼比鐵堅硬10-15倍，而且使用壽命是鐵的20倍。然而，在19世紀70年代以前，鋼由于太貴而沒有得到廣泛使用。鋼的煉制過程漫長，并且成本高，首先要加熱，然后攪拌，最后重新加熱鐵礦。

后來亨利?貝塞麥發(fā)現在煉鐵的時候往熔爐里的鐵水輸送空氣可以燃燒掉那些使鐵易碎的雜志。因為空氣進入熔爐時，熔漿便會噴出火花束。當火冷卻后，鐵就變成鋼了。貝塞麥轉爐的大規(guī)模使用使得鋼的大規(guī)模生產成為可能。現在3-5噸鐵轉化成鋼只要幾分鐘時間。

7.單選題

The（

）effectsofmanyillnessesmadehimaweakmanandhestilldidn’twanttodosportseveryday.

問題1選項

A.cumulative

B.formidable

C.eternal

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。cumulative“累積的”；formidable“可怕的，可畏的”；eternal“永恒的”；prospective“預期的，有希望的”。句意：多種病一齊發(fā)作使得他身體孱弱，但是他仍然不愿意去運動。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased（

）awiderrangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

問題1選項

A.circulation

B.reproduction

C.manipulation

D.penetration

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。circulation“發(fā)行，發(fā)行量”；reproduction“復制，復制品；繁殖”；manipulation“操作，操縱”；penetration“刺穿，進入”。句意：在美國報業(yè)中的新科技改革帶來了發(fā)行量的增長，出版數量也增加，報業(yè)的工作機會增多。選項A符合題意。

9.單選題

Retirementisobviouslyaverycomplex（

）periodandtheearlieryoustartplanningforit,thebetter.

問題1選項

A.transition

B.transaction

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。transition"過渡”；transaction“交易；事務”；transmission“傳動裝置，傳送；transformation“轉換；改革；變形”。句意：退休很明顯是一個復雜的過渡期，你越早計劃，越好。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Hisoriginalityasacomposeris（

）bythefollowinggroupofsongs.

問題1選項

A.exemplified

B.created

C.performed

D.realized

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。exemplify“例證”；create“創(chuàng)造”；perform“執(zhí)行；表演”；realize“意識到；實現”。下面的這些歌曲能夠佐證他是一個原創(chuàng)作曲家。選項A符合題意。

11.翻譯題

Throughoutourlives,wewillhavetomakemanydecisions.Somewillbesmallandunimportant,butothers,suchaswheretogotoschool,whichcareertopursue,andwhetherornottobuyahouse,willbeimportant.Itisthistypeofdecisionthatwemustbeverycarefulaboutmaking.Inmyopinion,apersonshouldnevermakesuchanimportantdecisionalone.

OurreasonformyopinionisthatIbelieve‘"twoheadsarebetterthanone”.Whenwehaveanimportantdecisiontomakewecanbenefitfromtheadviceandexperienceofothers.Inaddition,justtalkingtheissueoverwithsomeoneelsemighthelpustoseeaspectsoftheproblemwehadnotconsideredbefore.Anotherreasonfornotmakingbigdecisionsaloneisthatoftenthesedecisionsdonotaffectonlyus.Ifsomeoneelseisgoingtobeaffectedbythedecision,forexample,ourspouseorbusinesspartner,thatpersonshouldbeabletovoicehisopinionandtakepartinthedecision-makingprocess.

【答案】在我們的一生中，不得不做出很多決定。有的是一些很小且不重要的決定，但有的比如去哪里上學，選擇哪種職業(yè)，是否買房都是一些重要的決定。這些都是需要我們慎重做出決定的。在我看來，一個人不可能單獨做這些決定。

我之所以這么認為是因為我相信“三個臭皮匠賽過一個諸葛亮”。當我們做一個重大決定時，可以從他人的建議和經歷中得到啟發(fā)。并且與他人交流時可以幫助我們自己看到我們之前沒看到的那一面。為什么不單獨做決定的另一個原因是這些決定影響的不僅僅只有我們。如果其他人會受到這個決定的影響，比如我們的配偶或者合作伙伴，那么他們有權說出自己的看法并且參與到決策的過程中。

12.單選題

Computerprogrammersoftenremarkthatcomputingmachines,withaperfectlackofdiscrimination,willdoanyfoolishthingtheyaretoldtodo.Thereasonforthislies,ofcourse,inthenarrowfixationofthecomputingmachine’s“intelligence”onthedetailsofitsownperceptions—itsinabilitytobeguidedbyalargecontext.Inapsychologicaldescriptionofthecomputerintelligence,threerelatedadjectivescometomind:single-minded,literal-minded,andsimple-minded.Recognizingthis,weshouldatthesametimerecognizethatthissingle-mindedness,literal-mindedness,andsimple-mindednessalsocharacterizestheoreticalmathematics,thoughtoalesserextent.

Sincesciencetriestodealwithreality,eventhemostprecisesciencesnormallyworkwithmoreorlessimperfectlyunderstoodapproximationstowardwhichscientistsmustmaintainanappropriateskepticism.Thus,forinstance:itmaycomeasashocktomathematicianstolearnthattheSchrodingerequationforthehydrogenatomisnotaliterallycorrectdescriptionofthisatom,butonlyanapproximationtoasomewhatmorecorrectequationtakingaccountofspin,magneticdipole,andrelativistic,effects;andthatthiscorrectedequationisitselfonlyanimperfectapproximationtoaninfinitesetofquantumfield-theoreticalequations.Physicists,lookingattheoriginalSchrodingerequationlearntosenseinitthepresenceofmanyinvisibletermsinadditiontothedifferentialtermsvisible,andthissenseinspiresanentirelyappropriatedisregardforthepurelytechnicalfeaturesoftheequation.Thisveryhealthyskepticismisforeigntothemathematicalapproach.

Mathematicsmustdealwithwell-definedsituations.Thus,mathematiciansdependonanintellectualeffortoutsideofmathematicsforthecrucialspecificationoftheapproximationthatmathematicsistotakeliterally.Givemathematiciansasituationthatistheleastbitill-defined,andtheywillmakeitwell-defined,perhapsappropriately,butperhapsinappropriately.Insomecases,themathematicians’literal-mindednessmayhaveunfortunateconsequences.Themathematiciansturnthescientists’theoreticalassumptionsthatare,theirconvenientpointsofanalyticalemphasis,intoaxioms,andthentaketheseaxiomsliterally.Thisbringsthedangerthattheymayalsopersuadethescientiststotaketheseaxiomsliterally.Thequestion,centraltothescientificinvestigationbutintenselydisturbinginthemathematicalcontext-whathappensiftheaxiomsarerelaxed?-istherebyignored.

Thephysicistrightlydreadspreciseargument,sinceanargumentthatisconvincingonlyifitispreciselosesallitsforceiftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedareslightlychanged,whereasanargumentthatisconvincingthoughimprecisemaywellbestableundersmallperturbationsofitsunderlyingassumptions.

1.Theauthordiscussescomputingmachinesinthefirstparagraphprimarilyinorderto,dowhichofthefollowing?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatscientistsmakewhichofthefollowingassumptionsaboutscientificarguments?

3.Accordingtothetext,mathematicianspresentarisktoscientistforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Theauthorsuggeststhat-theapproachofphysiciststosolvingscientificproblemiswhichofthefollowing?

5.Theauthorimpliesthatscientistsdevelopahealthyskepticismbecausetheyareawarethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Indicatethedangersinherentinrelyingtoagreatextentonmachines.

B.Illustratehisviewsabouttheapproachofmathematicianstoproblemsolving.

C.Comparetheworkofmathematicianswiththatofcomputerprogrammers.

D.Provideonedefinitionofintelligence.

問題2選項

A.Theliteraltruthoftheargumentscanbemadeclearonlyinamathematicalcontext.

B.Theargumentsnecessarilyignorethecentralquestionofscientificinvestigation.

C.Thearmamentsprobablywillbeconvincingonlytootherscientists.

D.Thepremisesonwhichtheargumentsarebasedmaychange.

問題3選項

A.Mathematiciansmayprovidetheoriesthatareincompatiblewiththosealreadydevelopedbyscientists.

B.Mathematiciansmaydefinesituationsinawaythatisincomprehensibletoscientists.

C.Mathematiciansmayconvincescientiststhattheoreticalassumptionsarefacts.

D.Scientistsmaycometobelievethataxiomaticstatementsareuntrue.

問題4選項

A.PracticalforscientificPurposes.

B.Detrimentalto:scientificprogress.

C.UnimportantinmostSituations.

D.Expedient,butoflittlelong-termvalue.

問題5選項

A.mathematiciansarebetterabletosolveproblemsthanarescientists.

B.changesinaxiomaticpropositionswillinevitablyunderminescientificarguments.

C.well-definedsituationsarenecessityforthedesignofreliableexperiments.

D.somefactorsinmostsituationsmustremainunknown.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段作者用計算機“computingmachines”作為例子來幫助我們更好的了解數學理論“theoreticalmathematics”。選項B符合題意。

2.文章最后一段提到基于某些參數的變化而會導致某些前提的改變（sinceanargumentthatisconvincingonlyifitispreciselosesallitsforceiftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedareslightlychanged）。選項D符合題意。

3.文章倒數第二段的倒數第二、三句Themathematiciansturnthescientists’theoreticalassumptionsthatare,theirconvenientpointsofanalyticalemphasis,intoaxioms,andthentaketheseaxiomsliterally.Thisbringsthedangerthattheymayalsopersuadethescientiststotaketheseaxiomsliterally提到數學家將這些理論假設變成公理，并且還試圖說服科學家相信這些假設都真的。選項C符合題意。

4.文章第二段倒數第一句Thisveryhealthyskepticismisforeigntothemathematicalapproach提到這個健康的懷疑論對于數學方法來說還是陌生的。但是從healthy這個詞可以知道在這里是肯定的觀點，四個選項中，只有選項A是帶有肯定意味的，因此選項A符合題意。

5.healthyskepticism指的是文章第二段倒數第二句的內容：Physicists,lookingattheoriginalSchrodingerequationlearntosenseinitthepresenceofmanyinvisibletermsinadditiontothedifferentialtermsvisible,andthissenseinspiresanentirelyappropriatedisregardforthepurelytechnicalfeaturesoftheequation，有此句可知選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

AntonioRatti,at78stillakingoftheItaliansilkindustry,oncewarnedhisemployees:“Don’tlet'sbecomefatandlazyliketheLyonnais”.Lyon,traditionalcenteroftheFrenchsilkindustrysince1536,risked“l(fā)osingeverything’’,theItalianwarned.

Althoughhispredicationhasnotcometrue,theindustryisonlynowshowingsignsofrenewedvigorafterseeingitspre-eminenceslipoverthepast50years.Examplesoftherichropeandfabricsformerlysuppliedtoroyalcounts,popesandcardinalsareonshowinthecity'smuseum,butfewsilkcompaniessurviveonthehillsideabovetheRiverSeine.

WhileLyonandsurroundingRhoneAlpsregionremainthecenteroftheFrenchtextilesindustry,mostofthe650companiesand55,000workersinthesectordealinsyntheticfibers.Localproductionofrawsilkhasfadedalmosttonothing,leavingthefieldtoChina.Butbyallyingprovendesignstrengthswithmoreaggressivemarketing,specialistcompaniesareaimingtorecapturemarketsinluxuryandhighfashionproducts,suchasLyon-madeHermesscarves,andtoexploitthetrendtowardsmedium-pricedsilkgoods.

“AlltoooftentheLyonnaisadoptedtheattitudethatitwasforbuyerstocomeanddiscoverwhattheyhadtooffer/saysRonaldCurrieoftheLyon-basedInternationalSilkAssociation.

HisopinionthattheLyonnaisaremoreoutward-lookingisconfirmedbyGillesMalfroy,whoseMalfroyMillionsells3millionsilkscarvesayear,notablyinJapan.Itisalso

developingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoodsdifferentfromthosemass-producedbyChinese-Italianjointventures.“Priceisimportant.”Malfroysays,“Butpeopleworldwidealsowantvarietyandexclusivity”.Slowly,theFrencharemakinginroadsonthemarketshareamassedsince1945bytheItaliansilkindustry.Butwiththeirturnoveroflessthan$10millionayear,Lyon'sweaversandprintersarestilldwarfedbyRatti's$200millionturnover.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,Lyonnais（

）.

2.What’sthemeaningof“slip”inparagraphtwo?

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

4.SilkscarvesofMalfroyMillionsellwellbecauseof

（

）.

5.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.wereemployeesoftheFrenchtextileindustry

B.wereemployeesoftheItaliansilkindustry

C.wastheItaliansilkindustry

D.wastheFrenchsilkindustry

問題2選項

A.Anunintentionalandtrivialmistake

B.Movingquietlyandcautiously.

C.Afallfromsomelevelorstandard

D.Narrowstripofpaper.

問題3選項

A.TheFrenchsilkproductsaredisappearingfromtheworldmarket.

B.ThecenteroftheFrenchtextilesindustryischanging.

C.LuxurysilkproductshelpFrancetorecapturesilkmarket.

D.TheLyonnaishavenotrealizedthedangerbeforethem.

問題4選項

A.theirlowprice

B.theirexclusivedesign

C.theirhighquality

D.alloftheabove

問題5選項

A.themass-producedsilkgoodsislosingmarketinChina

B.MalfroyMillionisdevelopingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoods

C.Lyon'sweaversandprintersaredwarfedbyRatti'sbecauseoflessturnovers

D.theFrenchandtheItalianarecompetingwitheachotheratthemarketofChina.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段Lyon,traditionalcenteroftheFrenchsilkindustrysince1536提到里昂自1536年來是法國的絲綢業(yè)的傳統(tǒng)中心，選項B和C是關于意大利的，可以排除；文章第一段里面Ratti對員工說，“希望我們不要成為像里昂那樣又胖又懶”，可知他本身也是法國紡織工業(yè)的一員。選項A符合題意。

2.slip出現在文章第二段第一句話：Althoughhispredicationhasnotcometrue,theindustryisonlynowshowingsignsofrenewedvigorafterseeingitspre-eminenceslipoverthepast50years，主要講述了里昂作為法國紡織業(yè)中心的興衰，renewedvigor“新的活力”，可以推斷在注入新的活力之前是經過了下滑，因此slip在這里的意思是“下滑”，選項C符合題意。

3.文章第三段最后一句specialistcompaniesareaimingtorecapturemarketsinluxuryandhighfashionproducts,suchasLyon-madeHermesscarves,andtoexploitthetrendtowardsmedium-pricedsilkgoods提到一些公司試圖通過奢侈品和高端的時尚產品重新占據市場，由此可以推斷出法國紡織業(yè)公司通過生產圍巾等來重新占據市場。選項C符合題意。

4.文章最后一段“Priceisimportant.”Malfroysays,“Butpeopleworldwidealsowantvarietyandexclusivity”提到價格、多樣性以及獨特性對于消費者來說都很重要。選項D符合題意。

5.題目的要求是下列哪個選項在文章中沒有直接講述，但是在文章中有暗示。文章最后一段ItisalsodevelopingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoodsdifferentfromthosemass-producedbyChinese-Italianjointventures提到Malfroy正在通過價格低質量高的商品來發(fā)展市場，這些商品與之前中意合資企業(yè)生產的商品不同，由此可以推測大批量的商品正在逐漸失去市場。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

TheUnitedNationsConferenceonDrugAbuse,whichtookplaceearlierthisyearinVienna,wasavery（

）meeting.

問題1選項

A.productive

B.overwhelming

C.compulsory

D.protective

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。productive“多產的，富有成效的”；overwhelming“壓倒性的”；compulsory“強制的”；protective“保護的”。句意：今年早些時候聯合國在維也納召開的濫用藥品大會取得了相當大的成果。選項A符合題意。

15.單選題

Apersonwhostudies（

）learnshowtoexpressnumbersapproximatelyandhowtocalculateratiosandaverages.

問題1選項

A.static

B.statistic

C.statistics

D.status

【答案】C

【解析】考察形近詞詞義辨析。Static“靜止的，靜態(tài)的”；statistic“數據，數字”；statistics“統(tǒng)計學”；status“地位，身份”。句意：統(tǒng)計學專業(yè)學生主要學習如何大概地表示數據，如何計算比例和平均值。選項C符合題意。

16.單選題

Europe’searlierindustrialgrowthwas（

）bytheavailabilityofkeyresources,abundantandcheaplabor,coal,ironore,etc.

問題1選項

A.constrained

B.remained

C.sustained

D.drained

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。constrain“束縛，驅使”；remain“保持”；sustain“維持”；drain“耗盡”。句意：歐洲早期的工業(yè)增長使靠唾手可得的主要資源、充足而又廉價的勞動力，煤礦、鐵礦等的支撐。選項C符合題意。

17.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery（

）.

問題1選項

A.intriguing

B.indefmite

C.obscure

D.dubious

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；indefinite“不確定的”；obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的”；dubious"可疑的；半信半疑的”。句意：很少有有人能夠理解教授演講的內容，因為主題非常晦澀。選項C符合題意。

18.單選題

Evenwhentextbooksare（

）throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

問題1選項

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized

【答案】B

【解析】考察名詞、形容詞詞義辨析。standardize“使符合標準，使標準化”；commonplace“普通的，平庸的”；competitive“競爭的，競爭性的”；generalize“概括，歸納，推斷”。句意：即使當教科書通過教育系統(tǒng)標準化了，教學方式也會有很大變化。選項B符合題意。

19.單選題

Althoughitwashisfirstexperienceaschairman:he（

）overthemeetingwithgreatskill.

問題1選項

A.presided

B.administered

C.mastered

D.executed

【答案】A

【解析】考察固定搭配。presideover“主持”。選項A符合題意。

20.單選題

Scientists,whoarenowawareofhownautilusesregulatetheirbuoyancy,havebeenabletodispel（

）ideasaboutthesecreatures.

問題1選項

A.erroneous

B.misdemeanors

C.misgivings

D.misdirection

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞、名詞詞義辨析。erroneous“錯誤的”；misdemeanors“不法行為”；misgivings“擔憂，疑慮”；misdirection“引錯方向”。句意：意識到了鸚鵡螺是如何控制自身在水中浮力的科學家們，已經消除了對這些生物的錯誤認識。選項A符合題意。

21.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclassesfiction,biography,poetry―weshouldseparatethemandlakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionwhenweread,whatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor,trytobecomehim.Behisfellowworkerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefinesse,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,and,quaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

【答案】既然書有小說、傳記、詩歌之分，我們就應該把它們分類，從中吸收它們應該給予的知識。這說起來很容易。然而很少有人要求書本應該給予的知識。我們總是囫圇吞棗般去看書，要求小說必須真實，要求詩歌必須虛構，要求傳記諂媚，要求歷史書能加強自己的偏見。如果我們讀書之前能拋開這些偏見，將會是一個好的開始。不要去強加你的想法給作者，而是要去理解他，成為他的伙伴。如果你將自己置身事外，并且從一開始就批判他，你就無法從書中獲得最大的價值。但是如果你敞開心扉，那么書中精細入微的寓言和暗示便會讓你從開頭那些晦澀的句子中繞出來，把你帶到一個獨特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去鉆研，你很快會發(fā)現，作者正向你闡述的或者是試圖向你闡述的東西是一些比原來要明確得多的東西。

22.單選題

Testsofreactiontimesseemedtobackupthenotionthatthetwohemispheresdifferedintheirprocessingstyles.Researchersusedtobelievethatanimagegoestoonehemispherefirst,andthentotheoppositesideofthebrain.Ifthenatureofthestimulusandthepreferenceofthehemispherematchup,thenthepersoncanrespondslightlymorequicklyandaccuratelyinidentifyingthelocalorglobalimage.

Stillmorestartling,researchersfoundthatthesameappearedtoholdforthebrainsofchimpsandperhapsotherprimates.Theassumptionhasalwaysbeenthathandednessandbrainasymmetryarestrictlyhumantraits---partofthegreatbrainreorganizationthatallowedourancestortousetools,speakandperhapseventhinkrationally.Buthandednessisnowwidelyclaimedforprimatesandevenbirds,amphibiansandwhales.Andinthepastfewyears,somepsychologistshavetestedchimpsandbaboonsandsuggestedtheirtwohemispheresalsodifferinprocessingstyle.

Nowresearchershavecometoseethedistinctionbetweenthetwohemispheresasasubtleoneofprocessingstyle,witheverymentalfacultysharedacrossthebrain,andeachsidecontributinginacomplementary,notexclusive,fashion.Asmartbrainbecameonethatsimultaneouslygraspedboththeforegroundandthebackgroundofthemoment

Thenextproblemwastoworkoutexactlyhowthebrainmanagestoproducethesetwocontrastingstyles.Manyresearchersoriginallylookedfortheexplanationinasimplewiringdifferencewithinthebrain.Thistheoryheldthatneuronsintheleftcortexmightmakesparse,short-rangeconnectionswiththeirneighbors,whilecellsontheothersidewouldbemorerichlyandwidelyconnectedTheresultwouldbethattherepresentationofsensationsandmemorieswouldbeconfinedlosmallish,discreteareasinthelefthemisphere,whileexactlythesameinputtoacorrespondingareaoftherightsidewouldformasprawlingevenimpressionisticpatternofactivity.

Supportersofthisideaarguedthatthesestructuraldifferenceswouldexplainwhyleftbrainlanguageareasaresogoodatpreciserepresentationofwordsandwordsequenceswhiletherightbrainseemstosupplyawiderse