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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thenewbiologicalpsychiatrydoesnotdenythecontributingroleofpsychologicalfactorsinmentalillnesses,butpositsthatthesefactorsmayactasacatalystonexistingphysiologicalconditionsand(

)suchillnesses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disguise

B.impede

C.consummate

D.precipitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disguise“掩飾;假裝”;B選項(xiàng)impede“阻礙;妨礙;阻止”;C選項(xiàng)consummate“完成;作成”;D選項(xiàng)precipitate“使(壞事)突然發(fā)生”;猛地落下”。句意:新的生物精神病學(xué)并沒有否認(rèn)心理因素在精神疾病中的作用,而是假設(shè)這些因素可能作為現(xiàn)有生理?xiàng)l件的催化劑而起作用,并······這類疾病。在本句中,“因素”與“疾病之間”是引起與被引起的關(guān)系。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

TheresearchcommitteeurgedthearchaeologisttoundercutherclaimthatthetombshehasdiscoveredwasthatofAlexandertheGreat,sinceherinitialreporthasbeenbasedonlyon(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.caprice

B.supposition

C.evidence

D.conjecture

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。caprice怪想,隨想曲;supposition:假定,推測;evidence證據(jù),證明;conjecture推測,猜想。句意:因?yàn)樵紙?bào)告僅僅依據(jù)異想天開,研究委員會(huì)敦促這個(gè)考古學(xué)家去掉那個(gè)說她發(fā)現(xiàn)的這個(gè)墳?zāi)故莵啔v山大的聲明。由undercutherclaim及only可知空格處所填單詞是貶義詞。

3.單選題

EventhosewhodisagreedwithCarmen’sviewsrarelyfaultedherforexpressingthem,forthepositionsshetookwereas(

)astheywerecontroversial.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complicated

B.thoughtful

C.subjective

D.commonplace

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。complicated“難懂的,復(fù)雜的”;thoughtful“深思的;體貼的”;subjective“主觀的;自覺的”;commonplace“平凡的;普通的”。句意:即使是那些不同意卡門觀點(diǎn)的人,也很少指責(zé)她的表達(dá),因?yàn)榭ㄩT所采取的立場如同有爭議那樣讓人深思。由controversial可知,既然該立場有爭議,所以引人深思。故B項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Usuallythefirsttospotdatathatwereinconsistentwithotherfindings,inthisparticularexperimentsheletanumberof(

)resultsslipby.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anomalous

B.salient

C.redundant

D.verifiable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。anomalous異常的;不恰當(dāng)?shù)模徊灰恢碌模籹alient顯著的;跳躍的;redundant多余的;累贅的;verifiable可證實(shí)的;可檢驗(yàn)的。句意:她經(jīng)常最先發(fā)現(xiàn)與其他調(diào)查結(jié)果不一致的數(shù)據(jù),不過在這個(gè)特殊的試驗(yàn)中她卻讓一些不一致的結(jié)果溜走了。由Usuallythefirsttospotdatathatwereinconsistentwithotherfindings可知A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thequantumtheorystates(

),aslight,isgivenoffandabsorbedindefiniteunitscalledquantaorphotons.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.energythat

B.thatitisenergy

C.itisenergy

D.thatenergy

【答案】D

【解析】考查賓語從句。states是謂語,后面接一個(gè)句子做賓語。賓語從句需要一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞that,另外賓語從句還缺少主語,故D項(xiàng)正確。句意:量子理論認(rèn)為,能量,比如光,是以量子或光子的基本單位來釋放和吸收的。

6.單選題

Amajorgoaloflawofanycountry,todeterpotentialcriminalsbypunishingwrongdoers,isnotservedwhenthepenaltyissoseldominvokedthatitceasestobea(

)threat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.serious

B.coercive

C.deceptive

D.credible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。serious“嚴(yán)肅的;危急的”;coercive“強(qiáng)制的;脅迫的”;deceptive“欺騙性;虛偽的”;credible“可靠的”。句意:當(dāng)懲罰很少被執(zhí)行,因而它已經(jīng)不再是一種可靠的震懾時(shí),任何國家法律的主要目標(biāo)一一通過懲罰做壞事的人來阻止?jié)撛诘姆缸锞蜎]有得到保證。由關(guān)鍵詞Amajorgoalisnotserved.可知法律不再是一種有效的震懾。D項(xiàng)符合語義。

7.單選題

However,thevillagersdidnot(

)themthebestoutofthingstoentertainusinthemostsinceresmiletogreetthearrivalofus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.jealous

B.stingy

C.reluctant

D.begrudge

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞形容詞辨析。jealous妒忌的;stingy吝嗇的;reluctant不情愿的,勉強(qiáng)的;begrudge羨慕,吝惜。句意:然而,村民卻毫不吝惜地拿出他們最好的東西來招待我們,以最真誠的笑容迎接我們的到來。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Theabilitytorecognizefacesissoimportantinhumansthatthebrainappearstohaveanareasolelydevotedtothetask:thefusiformgyrus.

Brainimagingstudiesconsistently(1)thatthisregionofthetemporallobebecomesactivewhen

(2)

lookatfaces.Skepticshavecountered,however,thatthesestudiesshowonlya

(3)

,butnotproof,thatactivityinthisareaisessentialforface

(4)

.Now,thankstothewillingnessofanintrepid

(5)

,anewstudyprovidesthefirstcause-and-effect

(6)

thatneuronsinthisareahelphumansrecognizefaces-andonly

(7)

,nototherbodypartsorobjects.

Anunusual

(8)

betweenresearchersandanepilepsypatientledtothe

(9).RonBlackwell,anengineerinSantaClara,California,

(10)StanfordUniversityinPaloAlto,California,in2011seekingbettertreatment

(11)

hisepilepsy.Hehadsufferedseizuressincehewasateenager,andatage47,his

(12)

wasbecominglesseffective.StanfordneurologistJosefParvizi

(13)

someteststolocatethesourceoftheseizures-andalsosuggestedthatitmightbe

(14)

toeliminatetheseizuresbysurgicallydestroyingatiny

(15)

ofbraintissuewheretheyoccurred.

Parviziusedelectrodes

(16)

onBlackwell’sscalptotracetheseizurestothetemporallobe,aboutaninch

(17)

Blackwell’srightear.Then,surgeonsplacedmoreelectrodesonthe

(18)

ofBlackwell’sbrain,nearthesuspectpointoforigininthetemporal

(19).Parvizistimulatedeachelectrodeinturnwithamildcurrent,trying

(20)Blackwell’sseizuresymptomsundersafeconditions.“Ifwegetthosesymptoms,weknowthatweareticklingtheseizurenode,”heexplains.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.investigate

B.reveal

C.find

D.found

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.researchers

B.people

C.human

D.objects

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.corrosion

B.counterfeit

C.correction

D.objects

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.recognition

B.realization

C.imagination

D.description

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.counterpart

B.fellow

C.sufferer

D.partner

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.evidence

B.source

C.wit

D.facture

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.facets

B.faces

C.facial

D.facile

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.collaboration

B.deliberation

C.matching

D.gathering

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.imagination

B.conclusion

C.combination

D.discovery

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.droveto

B.heldup

C.cameto

D.madewayfor

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.forth

C.about

D.with

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.treatment

B.medication

C.perception

D.operation

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.pointed

B.managed

C.supplied

D.suggested

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.clear

B.worthy

C.possible

D.certain

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.area

B.segment

C.fragment

D.par

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.installed

B.settled

C.placed

D.distilled

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.around

B.above

C.beneath

D.across

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.surface

B.surficial

C.surfer

D.surfeit

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.scalp

B.section

C.lobe

D.leaf

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.toirrigate

B.totrigger

C.tobarrel

D.toflick

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】(1)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。investigate調(diào)查,研究;reveal揭露,透露;find發(fā)現(xiàn)。這里指“通過腦成像研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)”,所以C項(xiàng)符合題意。答案C。

(2)考查名詞詞義辨析。此處意為:當(dāng)人們看著人臉時(shí),顳葉的這一區(qū)域會(huì)變得活躍。people這里泛指所有人,故答案為B。

(3)考查名詞詞義辨析。corrosion腐蝕;counterfeit偽造品;correction改正;objects物體。由后文的“butnotproof沒有證據(jù)”可知C項(xiàng)正確。答案C。

(4)考查名詞詞義辨析。recognition識(shí)別,承認(rèn);realization實(shí)現(xiàn),領(lǐng)悟;imagination想象力;description描述。文章開頭就指出“面孔識(shí)別能力非常重要”,故A項(xiàng)正確。答案A。

(5)考查名詞詞義辨析。intrepid勇敢的,無畏的,由于癲癇是一種病,綜合上下文,可以知道這里是選擇患者。Counterpart配對(duì)物;fellow同事;sufferer患者,受害者;partner伙伴,合伙人。答案C。

(6)考查名詞詞義辨析。evidence證據(jù);source來源;wit智慧;facture制作,發(fā)票。通過上下文語境可知,前面還沒有有力的證據(jù)可以說明兩者之間的關(guān)系,后面已經(jīng)找到這種因果證據(jù),所以,可知答案選擇A。

(7)考查形近詞辨析。facets面狀;face臉,表面;facial面部的;facile溫和的。神經(jīng)元只能區(qū)別臉部,后面nototherbody

partsorobjects.可知答案為B。

(8)考查名詞詞義辨析。collaboration合作,勾結(jié);deliberation審議,考慮;matching相配的;gathering聚集。由between....and可知這里考查的是兩者之間的合作,答案A。

(9)考查名詞詞義辨析。imagination想象;conclusion結(jié)論;combination結(jié)合;discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)。通過上下文的語境可知答案為D。

(10)考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。droveto驅(qū)車前往;heldup舉起;cameto前來;madewayfor給······讓路此處句意為:布萊克威爾只身來到斯坦福大學(xué)參加治療。只有C項(xiàng)符合語義。答案C。

(11)考查介詞詞義辨析。for“為,為了;給”,符合題意,答案A。

(12)考查名詞詞義辨析。treatment“治療,療法;medication“藥物;藥物治療”,分析上下文可知這里是指藥物治療,所以后面布萊克威爾才來到斯坦福做外科手術(shù)。答案B。

(13)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Point指向;supply供應(yīng);manage管理;suggest表明。由alsosuggested可以推出此處答案為suggest,答案D。

(14)考查形容詞詞義辨析。Clear清晰的;worthy值得的;possible可能的;certain肯定的。帕維茨認(rèn)為是非常可能的,這里只是他的推測,并不是很確定。故答案C。

(15)考查名詞詞義辨析。area區(qū)域,范圍;segment段,部分;fragment碎片,片斷;par標(biāo)準(zhǔn),票面價(jià)值。由上下文可知答案為A。

(16)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Install安裝;settle解決,安排;place放置,任命;distill提取,蒸餾。由“placedmoreelectrodeson加更多電極在···上···”可知C項(xiàng)符合題意。答案C。

(17)考查介詞詞義辨析。醫(yī)生將電極放置在布萊克威爾的右耳上一英寸的地方,B項(xiàng)符合句意。答案B。

(18)考查形近詞詞義辨析。surface表面,表層;surficial地表的;地面的;surfer沖浪運(yùn)動(dòng)員,surfeit過度;飲食過度;這里是指將電極放置在大腦的表皮層。答案A。

(19)考查名詞詞義辨析。Scalp頭皮,戰(zhàn)利品;section地區(qū);lobe(腦、肺等的)葉,耳垂;leaf葉子。temporallobe表示顳葉,故答案為C。

(20)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。trigger引發(fā),觸發(fā);irrigate灌溉,沖洗;barrel把······裝入桶內(nèi);flick輕彈,輕輕拂去。由句意“在安全的條件下嘗試了40次去觸發(fā)布萊克威爾的癲癇癥狀。”可知答案為B。

9.單選題

Scientists’pristinereputationasdevoteesofthedisinterestedpursuitoftruthhasbeencompromisedbyrecentevidencethatsomescientistshavedeliberately(

)experimentalresultstoflirthertheirowncareers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reinforced

B.validated

C.exterminated

D.fabricated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。reinforce“加強(qiáng)”;validate“證實(shí);使生效”;exterminate“根除”;fabricate“制造;捏造”。句意:科學(xué)家的原始聲譽(yù):即作為對(duì)真理進(jìn)行無私追求的信徒已被近來的證據(jù)連累,該證據(jù)表明一些科學(xué)家為了促進(jìn)自己的職業(yè)生涯發(fā)展而故意捏造實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。由compromised與experimentalresults可知“捏造”符合語境,故D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Inmostdevelopedcountries,menhavehighersalaries,onaverage,thanwomen.Muchofthesalarydifferentialresultsfromthetendencyofwomentobeinlower-payingoccupations.Thequestionofwhetherthisoccupationalemploymentpatterncanbeattributedtosexdiscriminationisacomplexone.Infact,wagedifferentialsamongoccupationsarethenormratherthantheexception.SuccessfulathletescommonlyearnmorethanNoblePrize-winningacademics;giftedartistsoftencannotearnenoughtosurvive,whilemediocreinvestmentbankersprosper.Givensuchdifferences,thequestionnaturallyarises:talentandabilitybeingequal,whydoesanyone—manorwoman—enteralow-payingoccupation?Oneobviousanswerispersonalchoice.Anindividualmayprefer,forexample,toteachmathatamodestsalaryratherthantobecomeamorehighlypaidelectricalengineer.

Somepeoplearguethatpersonalchoicealsoexplainssex-relatedwagedifferentials.Accordingtothisexplanation,manywomen,becausetheyplaceahighpriorityonparentingandperforminghouseholdservices,choosecertaincareersinwhichtheyarefreetoenterandleavetheworkforcewithminimumpenalty.Theymaychoosetoacquireskills,suchastypingandsalesclerking,thatdonotdepreciaterapidlywithtemporaryabsencesfromtheworkforce.Theymayavoidoccupationalspecialtiesthatrequireextensivetrainingperiods,longandunpredictablehours,andwillingnesstorelocate,allofwhichmakespecializationindomesticactivitiesproblematic.Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.

Analternativeexplanationforsex-relatedwagedifferentialsisthatwomendonotvoluntarilychooselower-payingoccupationsbutareforcedintothembyemployersandsocialprejudices.Accordingtoproponentsofthisview,employerswhodiscriminatemayrefusetohirequalifiedwomenforrelativelyhigh-payingoccupations.Moregenerally,subtlesociety-wideprejudicesmayinducewomentoavoidcertainoccupationsinfavorofothersthatareconsideredmoresuitable.Indeed,the“choice”ofwomentospecializeinparentingandperforminghouseholdservicesmayitselfresultfromthesesubtleprejudices.Whetherthediscriminationisbyemployersinaparticularoccupationorbysocietyasawholeisirrelevant;theeffectwillbethesame.Further,ifsuchdiscriminationdoesoccur,womenexcludedfromcertainoccupationswillfloodothers,andthisincreaseinsupplywillhaveadepressingeffectonwagesinoccupationsdominatedbywomen.

1.Instatingthat“successfulathletescommonlyearnmorethanNobelPrize-winningacademics”,theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto(

).

2.Whichoneofthefollowingcasesisleastlikelytoinvolvesexdiscrimination,asitisdescribedinthepassage?

3.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisthebestcompletionofthelastparagraphofthepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsexdiscriminationasanexplanationforwagedifferentialscanbestbecharacterizedas(

).

5.Whichoneofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Demonstratethateducationhaslittletodowithmakingmoney

B.Suggestthatpeoplewithtalentandabilityshouldnotenterlow-payingoccupations

C.Showthathighlypaidoccupationsgenerallyrequirelonghoursandextensivetraining

D.Giveanexampleofhowcertainoccupationsarebetterpaidthanothersregardlessofinherentworthortalentrequired

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Anemployerhiresamanratherthananequallyqualifiedwoman.

B.Awomanchoosestoenterahigh-payingoccupationthatuseshertalentandability.

C.Awomanchoosesanoccupationthatisalreadydominatedbywomen.

D.Awomanchoosesalow-payingjobthatallowshertodevotemoretimetoherfamily.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Wagedifferentialswillbecomemoreexaggeratedandeconomicparitybetweenmenandwomenlessandlesspossible.

B.Unlesssocietychangesitsviews,womenmayneverescapetheconfinesofthefewoccupationsdesignated“ForWomenOnly”.

C.Thequestionis:howlongwillwomenallowthemselvestobeexcludedfrommale-dominatedoccupations?

D.Inthelastanalysis,womenmayneedtoaskthemselvesiftheycanreallyaffordtoallowsexdiscriminationtocontinue.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.skepticalthatdiscriminationisafactor

B.criticalofsociety’sacceptanceofdiscrimination

C.convincedthattheproblemwillgetworse

D.neutralwithrespecttoitsvalidity

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.WageDifferentialsBetweenMenandWomen

B.WomeninLow-PayingOccupations:DoTheyHaveaChoice?

C.Homevs.Office:HowDoestheModemWomenChoose?

D.TheRoleofSocialPrejudiceinWomen’sCareers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。“Infact,wagedifferentialsamongoccupationsarethenormratherthantheexception.事實(shí)上,職業(yè)之間的工資差距是常態(tài),而不是例外”與D項(xiàng)“舉例說明某些職業(yè)的薪水如何比其他職業(yè)高,而不考慮其內(nèi)在價(jià)值或所需的才能。”相符。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到最后一段開頭“employerswhodiscriminatemayrefusetohirequalifiedwomenforrelativelyhigh-payingoccupations.歧視女性的雇主可能會(huì)拒絕為薪酬相對(duì)較高的女性安排工作”以及“Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.根據(jù)這一解釋,婦女選擇減少對(duì)發(fā)展其職業(yè)潛力的投資,減少在家庭以外的努力,就必須付出工資較低的代價(jià)。但是婦女不能被認(rèn)為是歧視的受害者,因?yàn)樗齻兏矚g低收入的職業(yè)而不是高收入的職業(yè)。”可知D項(xiàng)“女人選擇一份薪水低的工作,這樣她就能有更多的時(shí)間來陪伴家人。”是自愿的行為。

3.推理判斷題。“ifsuchdiscriminationdoesoccur,womenexcludedfromcertainoccupationswillfloodothers,andthisincreaseinsupplywillhaveadepressingeffectonwagesinoccupationsdominatedbywomen.如果這種歧視真的發(fā)生了,那么女性之間的競爭會(huì)擴(kuò)大,這樣以女性為主的公司就會(huì)有工資方面的問題。”由全文可知性別差異導(dǎo)致工資差異不斷擴(kuò)大,女性和男女經(jīng)濟(jì)平等是越來越不可能的事情。A項(xiàng)“工資差距將變得越來越大,男女經(jīng)濟(jì)平等的可能性越來越小。”符合題意。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。縱觀全文,都是不同的人對(duì)性別差異這個(gè)問題在進(jìn)行探討“somepeopleargue”或者“analternativeexplanationforsex-relatedwage”,作者對(duì)該問題的態(tài)度并沒有清晰地表現(xiàn)出來。

5.主旨大意題。由Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.根據(jù)這一解釋,婦女選擇減少對(duì)發(fā)展其職業(yè)潛力的投資,減少在家庭以外的努力,就必須付出工資較低的代價(jià)。但是婦女不能被認(rèn)為是歧視的受害者,因?yàn)樗齻兏矚g低收入的職業(yè)而不是高收入的職業(yè)。”可知本文主要是圍繞女性對(duì)于低收入的問題探討,女性自愿選擇低收入工作,是因?yàn)橐逃『⒑妥黾覄?wù)活。B項(xiàng)“從事低收入職業(yè)的女性:她們有選擇的余地嗎?”符合題意。

11.單選題

Whenhewasaccusedofbeinga(

),heretortedhewasnotaquack.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.traitor

B.prodigy

C.charlatan

D.plagiarist

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)traitor“叛徒”;B選項(xiàng)prodigy“奇跡;奇才”;C選項(xiàng)charlatan“騙子”;D選項(xiàng)plagiarist“剽竊者;抄襲者”。句意:當(dāng)他被指責(zé)為······時(shí),他反駁說他不是庸醫(yī)。后半句“他反駁自己不是庸醫(yī)”對(duì)應(yīng)前面,應(yīng)該表示“被指責(zé)為騙子”才符合語境,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Inthemidstofsomanyevasivecomments,thisforthrightstatement,whateveritsintrinsicmerit,plainlystandsoutas(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ananomaly

B.aprofundity

C.aparadigm

D.amisnomer

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意:在這些閃爍其詞的評(píng)論當(dāng)中,這個(gè)直率的言論,不管它本身的價(jià)值如何,都非常明確的表現(xiàn)為一個(gè)反常的評(píng)論。anomaly異常,反常事物;profundity深刻,深度;paradigm范例;misnomer用詞不當(dāng),誤稱。句中提到的thisforthrightstatement是眾多言論中的一個(gè),單獨(dú)針對(duì)這個(gè)直率的言論,且不作任何評(píng)價(jià),但也說明這個(gè)有與眾不同的地方。故答案為A。

13.單選題

TheFirstWorldWarbeganinacontextofjargonandverbaldelicacyandcontinuedinacloudofeuphemismas(

)aslanguageandliterature,skillfullyused,couldmakeit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enthralling

B.impenetrable

C.lucid

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。enthralling迷人的;impenetrable不能通過的;費(fèi)解的;lucid明晰的;透明的;易懂的;deliberate故意的;深思熟慮的;從容的。句意:第一次世界大戰(zhàn)開始于行話和精致言語的環(huán)境中,然后像語言和文學(xué)在巧妙地使用的情況下可以做到的那樣繼續(xù)于費(fèi)解的委婉語的陰云中。從continuedinacloudofeuphemism(委婉語的陰云中)可知B項(xiàng)“費(fèi)解的”符合題意。

14.單選題

ItissomildandmoistasIsaunteralongbythewalleastoftheHillthatIremember,oranticipate,oneofthosewarm(1)inthespring,whentheearthisjustlaidbare,thewindissouth,andthecladonialichensare

(2)

andlustywithmoisture,yourfootsinkingintothemandpressingthewateroutasfromasponge,andthe

(3)

placesalsoaredrinkingitin.Youwander

(4)

inabeadedcoat,wettotheskinofyourlegs,sitonmoss-cladrocksandstumps,andhearthe

(5)

ofmigratingsparrowsflittingamidtheshruboaks,sitlongatatime,still,andhaveyourthoughts.Arainwhichisassereneasfair

(6)

,suggestingfairerweatherthanwaseverseen.Youcouldhugtheclodsthat

(7)

you.Youfeelthefertilizinginfluenceoftheraininyourmid.Thepartofyouthatiswettestisfullestoflife,—

(8)

thelichens.Youdiscoverevidencesofimmortalitynotknownto

(9)

.

Youceasetodie.Youdetectsomebudsandsproutsoflife.Every

(10)

intheoldrye-fieldisonvirginsoil.

Andthentheraincomesthickerandfasterthanbefore,thawingthe

(11)

frostintheground,detainingthemigratingbird,andturnyourbacktoit,fullofserene,contented

(12)

,soothedbythesteadydroppingonthewitheredleaves,moreathomeforbeingabroad,morecomfortableforbeingwet,sinkingateachstep(13)

intothethawingearth,gladly

(14)

thegrayrottingice.Thedullestsoundsseemsweetlymodulatedbytheair.Youleaveyourtracks

(15)

springrye,scaringthefox-coloredsparrowsalongthewoodsides.Youcannotgohomeyet;youstayandsitintherain.You

(16)

alongthedistantwoodsides,fullofjoyandexpectation,seeing

(17)

beauty,hearingnothingbutmusic,asfreeasthe

(18)

sparrow,seeingfarahead,acourageous

(19),agreatphilosopher,notindebtedtoanyacademyorcollegeforthis

(20),butchieflytotheAprilrain,whichdescendonallalike.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.showers

B.pitfalls

C.blizzards

D.rainstorms

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.swollen

B.springe

C.winded

D.swabbed

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sunny

B.saggy

C.sandy

D.faddy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.absolutely

B.indefinitely

C.consequently

D.magnificently

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.vibration

B.murmuring

C.uproar

D.lisping

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.sky

B.weather

C.moisture

D.climates

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.defile

B.deveined

C.doxastic

D.granulate

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.simulateto

B.disliketo

C.like

D.likewise

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.snobbism

B.steals

C.genius

D.divines

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.step

B.press

C.cornerstone

D.episode

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.restraining

B.upstanding

C.demanding

D.remaining

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.believe

B.thought

C.entrust

D.perception

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.deep

B.hovering

C.shadow

D.paraffined

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.disturbedin

B.breakingup

C.interruption

D.breakingthrough

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.perspective

B.inrespectsof

C.infieldsof

D.aspectsof

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.glide

B.slide

C.corroded

D.crush

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.nootherthan

B.nothingbut

C.thereafter

D.withstanding

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.coloroffox

B.foxcolor

C.colorlikefox

D.fox-colored

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.patriot

B.coregency

C.knight

D.armor

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.extravagation

B.expenditure

C.expectation

D.expansion

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:C

第16題:A

第17題:B

第18題:D

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】(1)考查名詞辨析shower“陣雨”;pitfall“陷阱;誘惑”;blizzard“暴風(fēng)雪”;rainstorm“暴風(fēng)雨”。由空格后inthespring與sitlongatatime可知D項(xiàng)符合題意。答案D。

(2)考查形容詞詞義辨析。由空格后“yourfootsinkingintothemandpressingthewateroutasfromasponge”“你的腳陷進(jìn)去,像海綿一樣把水?dāng)D出來”可知本句指代“石蕊屬地衣因水分而變得膨脹”,swollen“膨脹的”;springe“用圈套捕捉”;winded“喘氣的;通風(fēng)的”;swab“打掃,擦拭”;故A項(xiàng)正確。答案A。

(3)考查形容詞詞義辨析。由“…alsoaredrinkingitin”“也在吸水”可知C項(xiàng)sandyplaces符合題意。sunny“陽光充足的”;saggy“下垂的;松懈的”;sandy“沙地的,多沙子的”;faddy“流行的”。答案C。

(4)考查副詞詞義辨析。由“inabeadedcoat,wettotheskinofyourlegs穿著一件帶水珠的外套,雨水滲透到自己雙腳的皮膚”可知這里指代“(視覺)模糊地漫步”B項(xiàng)符合題意。absolutely“絕對(duì)地”;indefinitely“不確定地,模糊地”;consequently“因此”;magnificently“壯麗地,壯觀地”。答案B。

(5)考查名詞詞義辨析。由空格后“migratingsparrowsflittingamidtheshruboaks”遷徙的麻雀在灌木橡樹間飛來飛去和“haveyourthoughts”有了自己的想法,可知“口齒不清的發(fā)音”更符合語境。vibration“振動(dòng);murmuring“輕微連續(xù)的聲音”;uproar“騷動(dòng);喧囂”;lisping“口齒不清的發(fā)音,咬舌的”,答案D。

(6)考查名詞詞義辨析。由suggestingfairerweatherthanwaseverseen預(yù)示著比以往任何時(shí)候都要晴朗的天氣可知空格處指代“天氣”,答案B。

(7)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。由“Youcouldhugtheclods你可能擁抱土塊”可知“弄臟”符合語境,defile“污損,染污”;devein“除去(蝦)背部的黑色靜脈,去腸”;doxastic“信念的”;granulate成粒狀;使表面粗糙”。答案A。

(8)考查詞組辨析。由“Thepartofyouthatiswettestisfullestoflife你最濕的部分最有生機(jī)”與“thelichens這些地衣(即吸水而膨脹的地衣)”可知“如同”符合語境,故C項(xiàng)正確。答案C。

(9)考查名詞詞義辨析。由“immortality”與“Youceasetodie”可推知“神學(xué)家”符合語境,snobbism“勢利”;steal“偷竊;斷球”;genius“天才;天賦”;divine“牧師;神學(xué)家”。答案D。

(10)考查名詞詞義辨析。由“asIsaunteralongbythewalleastoftheHill當(dāng)我沿著小山東邊的墻壁溜達(dá)時(shí)”可知“腳步”符合語境。step“步驟;步伐”;press“壓;出版社”;cornerstone“基礎(chǔ);地基”;episode“插曲;一段情節(jié)”,答案A

(11)考查形容詞詞義辨析。由Andthentheraincomesthickerandfasterthanbefore“然后雨比以前下得更大更快”與thawing“融合”可知“剩下的”符合語境,restraining“抑制的”;upstanding“正直的;直立的”;demanding“苛求的;費(fèi)力的”;remaining“剩下的”。答案D

(12)考查近義詞辨析。由contented“滿足的”可知thought“想法”符合語境,故B項(xiàng)正確。believe“相信;認(rèn)為”;thought“思想;思考;關(guān)心”;entrust“v.委托;信托”;perception“知覺;感覺;看法”。答案B。

(13)考查形容詞和動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。由sinking與intothethawingearth進(jìn)入融化的泥土中可知deep“深深地”符合語境。deep“深入地;深深地”;hover“徘徊;猶豫”;shadow“遮蔽;使朦朧”;paraffin“用石蠟處理”。答案A。

(14)考查詞組辨析。disturbin“(在某方面)打擾”;breakup“打碎;結(jié)束;解散”;interruption“中斷;干擾”;breakthrough“突破;沖破”。由第33題的分析“每一個(gè)腳步都深深地沉入到正融化的泥土中”與thegrayrottingice可知“突破”更符合語境,答案D

(15)考查詞組辨析。由第一段末句中intheoldrye-field可知C項(xiàng)“infieldsof”正確。perspective“觀點(diǎn);遠(yuǎn)景”;inrespectsof“關(guān)于;涉及”;aspectsof“······的方面”。答案C。

(16)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。由alongthedistantwoodsides沿著遠(yuǎn)處的樹林的邊緣”可知“滑行”符合語境。glide“滑翔;消逝”;slide“滑動(dòng)”;corrode“侵蝕;損害”;crush“壓碎;弄皺”。答案A。

(17)考查詞組辨析。nootherthan“只有;就是”;thereafter“其后;從那時(shí)以后”;withstanding“抵擋;禁得起;反抗”。由hearingnothingbutmusic可知B項(xiàng)“nothingbut只有”正確。答案B。

(18)考查形近詞詞義辨析。由“fox-coloredsparrows狐色雀鹀”可知D項(xiàng)正確。答案D。

(19)考查名詞詞義辨析。由Youcannotgohomeyet;youstayandsitintherain.和acourageous可知“騎士”符合語境,故C項(xiàng)正確。patriot“愛國者”;coregency“共同攝政”;knight“騎士,爵士”;armor“裝甲”答案C。

(20)考查名詞詞義辨析。由文章主題“春天的一場暴風(fēng)雨讓作者經(jīng)歷了不同的視覺和心理感覺”可知D選項(xiàng)更符合語境,故D項(xiàng)正確。extravagation“游蕩,漫游”;expenditure“支出;消費(fèi)額”;expectation“期待;指望”;expansion“膨脹”。答案D。

15.單選題

Despiteatendencytobeovertly(

),thepoetryoftheMiddleAgesoftensparkstheimaginationandprovideslivelyentertainment,aswellaspioussentiments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.diverting

B.whimsical

C.didactic

D.deceitful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。diverting有趣的,令人快樂的;whimsical古怪的,異想天開的;didactic說教的,教誨的;deceitful欺詐的。句意:盡管趨勢是明顯的說教,但是中世紀(jì)的詩歌經(jīng)常激發(fā)人們想象力,提供生動(dòng)的樂趣以及虔誠的感情。由despite及下文可知空格處所填的單詞與后文意思相反。

16.單選題

Theteamshouldhaveprojectedtroubleaheadwhentheroad(

)intoagravelpath.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interrogated

B.dwindled

C.transformed

D.collapsed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。interrogated質(zhì)問,審問;dwindled減少,縮小;transformed轉(zhuǎn)換,改變;collapsed倒塌,瓦解。句意:當(dāng)?shù)缆纷優(yōu)樯暗[路時(shí),這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)本應(yīng)該提前預(yù)測到困難。C項(xiàng)符合句意。

17.單選題

WhileParkerisveryoutspokenonissuesshecaresabout,sheisnot(

;sheconcedesthestrengthofopposingargumentswhensheexposesweaknessesinherentinherown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.validity

B.arrogant

C.congenial

D.fanatical

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。validity“有效性;正確;正確性”;arrogant“自大的;目中無人的”;congenial“意氣相投的;一致的”;fanatical“狂熱的”。句意:盡管Parker在自己所關(guān)心的問題上非常直言不諱,但是她卻____;當(dāng)自身的內(nèi)在短處被暴露時(shí)她會(huì)承認(rèn)對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。由Sheconcedesthestrengthofopposingargumentswhensheexposesweaknessesinherentinherown.當(dāng)自身的內(nèi)在短處被暴露時(shí)她會(huì)承認(rèn)對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。可推斷Parker不是一個(gè)傲慢無禮的人。故B項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Whengivinganygeneraloverviewofthedevelopmentanduseofmachinetranslationsystemsandtranslationtools,itisimportanttodistinguishfourbasictypesoftranslationdemands.

Thefirst,andtraditionaltypeofdemandisfortranslationsofaqualitynormallyexpectedfromhumans,i.e.,translationsofpublishablequality.ThisillustratestheuseofMTfordissemination.Ithasbeensatisfied,tosomeextent,bymachinetranslationsystemseversincetheywerefirstdevelopedinthe1960s.However,MTsystemsproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or“controlled”invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.SomeMTsystemshave,however,beendevelopedtodealwithaverynarrowrangeoftextcontentandlanguagestyle,andthesemayrequirelittleornopreparationorrevisionoftexts.

Thesecondbasicdemandisfortranslationsatasomewhatlowerlevelofquality,whichareintendedforuserswhowanttofindouttheessentialcontentofaparticulardocument—andgenerally,asquicklyaspossible.Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.SinceMTsystemsdidnot(andstillcannot)producehighqualitytranslations,someusershavefoundthattheycanextractwhattheyneedtoknowfromtheuneditedoutput.Theywouldratherhavesometranslation,howeverpoor,thannotranslationatall.WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.

Thethirdtypeofdemand—MTforinterchange—comesfromtheneedforimmediatetranslationinordertoconveythebasiccontentofmessages.MTsystemsarefindinga“natural”role,sincetheycanoperatevirtuallyorinfactinreal-timeandon-lineandtherehasbeenlittleobjectiontotheinevitablepoorquality,andareusefulinproducingspokenlanguagetranslations,e.g.fortelephoneconversationsandbusinessnegotiations.Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.

Thefourthareaofapplicationisfortranslationwithinmultilingualsystemsofinformationretrieval,informationextraction,databaseaccess,etc.ThisfieldisthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropeatthepresenttime,whichhavetheaimofwideningaccessforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontosourcesofdataandinformationwhateverthesourcelanguage.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatinrenderingpublishabletranslationsofliteraryworks,(

).

2.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,usersofMTforassimilation

).

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatwiththeprogressivesophisticationsystems,

).

4.Translationwithinmultilingualsystemsofinformationretrieval,etc,isnowthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropebecause(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.MTsystems’performanceissatisfactorytoasubstantialdegree

B.littlecould

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