UnitNineTeachingObjectivesEnlargevocabularyTalkaboutlifeinthe21stcenturyLearntoreadforlisting,citationanddeductionorganizationLearntowriteparagraphsofatopicsupportedbydetailsSectionsSectionALookingtothe21stcentury

SectionBTrendforthe21stcenturySectionCLifestylesthe21stcenturySectionALookingtothe21stcentury

TableofContentsBackgroundInformationWarming-upActivitiesTextAnalysisVocabularyandStructureVocabularyTestingWritingBackgroundInformation(1)Wearelivinginaneweconomy-poweredbytechnology,fueledbyinformation,anddrivenbyknowledge.Theinfluenceoftechnologywillgobeyondnewequipmentandfastercommunications,asworkandskillswillberedefinedandreorganizedforithasalreasychangedtheprocessofhumancivilization.BackgroundInformation(2)Whenlookingintothe21stcentury,youmayuseyourvividimaginationtopictureyourfuturelife.Whatyourfuturebe?Enteringthenewmillenniummankindseemedmorefocusedonenvironmental,sociologicalandfinancialproblems.BackgroundInformation(3)

Twentiethcenturysocietywasstronglyinfluencedbytheshockoftheintroductionofnewinventions.Communication,themedia,cinemaandtelevisioncausedglobaleventstobecometheconcernofalltheworld'spopulation.Intheremotestpartsoftheglobepeopleknowoflifeinmodernsocieties,beitinadistortedmannerthroughmoderncommunications.BackgroundInformation(4)

Thesocietyinour21stcenturyfacesmanychangesandchallenges,andmaymoveindirectionswehavenoideaofpresently.Wehumanbeingsshouldbetterprepareusforthe21stlifebothtechnologicallyandphilosophically.Otherwisesomedaytheglobemaynotbeabletosupportitsspeciesandhumansocietyanymore.BackgroundInformation(5)

Scienceisalwayswrong.Itneversolvesaproblemwithoutcreatingtenmore.

科學(xué)永遠(yuǎn)是不完整的。它每解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題，又會(huì)產(chǎn)生十個(gè)問(wèn)題。Warming-upActivities(1)Groupdiscussion:Whatchangesarelikelytotakeplaceinthe21stcentury?Whattoolbringsaboutmajorpossiblechangesinthe21stcentury?Doyoulikethosechanges?Warming-upActivities(2)Chooseorgivethecorrectanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtowhatyourreadfromthetext.1.Whoorwhat,accordingtotheeditorofthefuturist,determinesourfuture?____.A)OurfateB)WeourselvesC)ForcesbeyondourcontrolD)ThefutureitselfBWarming-upActivities(3)2.Whichifthefollowingcannotbedonebycomputers?_____A)ShowingdriversthemapofdistrictsthecarisgoingB)DiagnosinganyproblemwiththecarengineC)TakingtheplaceofthedriverD)Recordingthepassageofthecar

CWarming-upActivities(4)3.Whichofthefollowingwillbethefeatureofmanagementofthe21stcentury?____.A)GeneralworkersarenotneededB)TopmanagerswillbemoreandmoreC)SpecialistsarelikelytobetopmanagersD)LevelsofmiddlemanagementwillbeondecreaseDWarming-upActivities(5)Afterreadingthepassage,answerthefollowingquestions:WhatwaspsychologistArthurKramer’sfinding?Whatwillthe21stcenturydoctorsdependonintheirmedicaldiagnosisandtreatment?Whatwillbemoreimportanttothesuccessofabusiness?Willtheenvironmentinthefuturechangeforthebetter?Why?Warming-upActivities(6)Afterreadingthepassage,answerthefollowingquestions:5.Howwillcomputershelpstudentsinthefuturedotheirhomeworkassignments?6.Whatdomostdoctorsdonowforthehealthofpatients?Warming-upActivities(7)II.Readthefollowingstatements.Aretheytrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext?___1.Bossescouldusefrequentcomputeranalysisofbrainactivitytotellwhethertheiremployeesworkefficiently.___2.Whenyouareill,youwillhavetogotoseedoctorsbyyourselfinthefuture.___3.Inthefuture,everyonewillbeabletorepairhiscarallbyhimself,forcomputerswilltellhow.TFFWarming-upActivities(8)____4.Inthefutureifwewanttogetemployedmoreeasilythanotherswe’dbetterarmourselveswithsomespecializedknowledge.____5.Developinghealthylifestyles,suchasexercisingmoreandgivingupsmoking,ismuchbetterwayforapersontokeephealthythantakingpills.TTTextanalysis(1)Thepassagegivesusadetailedaccountofthetremendouschangesthatwouldtakeplaceinthe21stcentury.Inordertogiveaclearpictureoffuturelife,theauthorofthispassagelistseightdifferentimportantelementsaboutfuture.Textanalysis(2)Eachelementispresentedthesameway,fromthetopictoprecisedetails.Thisiscalledcitation,averyeffectivewayofpresentingideas.Textanalysis(3)TaketheNumber6forexample.Wefindthatthetopicforthispartis“thechangingfaceofworkandworkplace〞.Todescribethechanges,thewriterorganizesfiveshortparagraphsinthispart:Textanalysis(4)Thefirstparagraphisaboutthegeneralstatement.Thesecondoneisaboutthewomen’sroleinwork.Thethirdoneisaboutpeople’schangingcareer.Thefourthoneisabouttheroleofinformationandknowledgeatworkplace.Thefifthoneisabouttheroleofspecialist.Andfromthesecondparagraphtothefifthparagrapharedetailstosupportthegeneralstatementinthefirstparagraph.Textanalysis(5)Yourfuture(Para.1-4)Yourfutureisdecidedbyyourownactionstoday.Yourbrain(Paras.5-8)

One’sbrainwavecanhelpinmeasuringone’sability.Yourdoctor(Para.9-11)

Computerscanhelpyourfuturedoctordiagnoseyourdisease.Yourcar(Para.12-16)YourcarwillbealmostentirelycontrolledbycomputersTextanalysis(6)Yourcomputerhome(Para.17-21)

Yourfuturehomewillbemademorecomfortablebycomputersandtheywillbeanecessityinyourfuturehome.Theworkplace(Paras.22-27)

Therewillbesomenewtendenciesinwork.Theenvironment(Paras.28-31)

Moreandmorepeoplewillshowconcernabouttheenvironmentinthefuture.Yourhealth(Para.32-35)Ideasabouthealthwillbedifferentinthe21stcentury.VocabularyandStructureYoushouldmemorizethefollowingcorevocabularyandusefulstructure.Impose把…強(qiáng)加于;征(稅),強(qiáng)加搭配：impose…on/uponIdon’twanttoimposemyideasonyou,butIdohopethatyoucantakemyproposalintoconsideration.我不想把我的思想強(qiáng)加于你，但我真的希望你能考慮一下我的提議。Don'timposeyourselfonpeoplewhodon'twantyou.不要勉強(qiáng)和不需要你的人在一起。Volunteern.志愿者v.甘愿(1)搭配：volunteertodo自愿做volunteerforsth.自告奮勇為某事Inordertogettoknowthesocietybetter,collegestudentscandosomevoluntarywork.Forexample,theycanvolunteertoserveinthecommunity.為了更好地了解社會(huì)，大學(xué)生可做些義務(wù)工作。比方，他們可以志愿參加社區(qū)效勞。Volunteern.志愿者v.甘愿(2)Anexcellentteacherknowshowtoarousetheinterestofthestudentsandgetthemtovolunteerforvariouskindsofclassactivities.優(yōu)秀的教師知道如何調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的積極性并讓他們主動(dòng)地參與各種各樣的課堂動(dòng)。擴(kuò)展：voluntaryadj.,voluntarilyadv.Alternativen.

選擇對(duì)象;選擇余地

a.

隨便一個(gè)的；二者擇一的

句型：別無(wú)選擇只能做…

havenoalternativebuttodosth.聯(lián)：havenooption/choicebuttodosth.區(qū)：havenothingtodobutdosth.

Undergreatpressure,youngpeoplehaveonalternativesbuttolearnmoreastobetterpreparethemselvesforfiercecompetitioninthesociety.

擴(kuò)展：alternationn.

交替,輪流,間隔Connection

n.連接,線路;關(guān)系,親戚搭配：inconnectionwith關(guān)于…,與…有關(guān)

haveaconnectionwith和…有關(guān)系;

connectionbetween…之間的聯(lián)系HeaskedmemanyquestionsinconnectionwithlifeinChina.他問(wèn)了我許多有關(guān)中國(guó)生活情況的問(wèn)題。Doyoubelievethatthereisaconnectionbetweensmokingandheartdisease?你相信吸煙與心臟病有關(guān)系嗎?Protectionn.保護(hù)搭配：protectagainst/from

使…免受…Johnhasinsuredallhispropertiestoprotectthemagainstlossesfromdamageordestruction.約翰把所有財(cái)產(chǎn)都保了險(xiǎn)，以防受破環(huán)遭損失。Inordertobetterprotectourenvironment,weshouldfirstofallstrengthenourawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.為了更好地保護(hù)環(huán)境，我們首先要強(qiáng)化環(huán)保意識(shí)。Survivev.幸免于,幸存；比…活得長(zhǎng)(1)

搭配：survivesth.從…逃生，在…中幸存survivesb.by...比某人多活Weallknowtheprincipleofsurvivalofthefittest,soonlythepetitivebusinessescansurvivethefiercemarketcompetition.我們知道適者生存的原理，所以只有最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的企業(yè)才能在劇烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中幸存。Survivev.幸免于,幸存;比…活得長(zhǎng)(2)

Generally,womenenjoylongerlifespanthanmenandsheisnoexception.Shesurvivedherhusbandby10years.一般來(lái)講，女人比男人壽命長(zhǎng)，她也不例外。她比她丈夫多活了１０年。擴(kuò)展：survivaln.,survivorn.幸存者Profitn.利潤(rùn),益處v.得益,有利于(1)搭配：profitby/from得益于…makeaprofit獲利gross[net]profits毛[純]利fatprofit巨額利潤(rùn)reapprofitsattheexpenseofothers損人利已擴(kuò)展：profitablea.有利可圖的Profitn.利潤(rùn),益處v.得益,有利于(2)Studentsdohopetoprofitby/fromtheteachers’commentsontheircompositions.學(xué)生們真心希望從老師對(duì)他們的作文的評(píng)語(yǔ)中獲得益處。Thecompanyinvestedalotinthedevelopmentofhigh-techproducts.Inreturn,ithasmadeafatprofit.這家公司投入了大量的資金進(jìn)行高科技產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)。作為回報(bào)，它也應(yīng)得了巨額利潤(rùn)。Ban

n.&v.禁止Inrecentyears,moreandmoreadvertisementshavebeenfloodingintoourlives.Someadvertisementsexertnegativeeffectsontheyouth.Thereforesomepeoplesuggestthatadvertisementsbebanned.近年來(lái)，越來(lái)越多的廣告充滿我們的生活。有些廣告對(duì)年輕人產(chǎn)生不良影響，因此有人提出要禁止廣告。Diet日常飲食,規(guī)定飲食

搭配：節(jié)食,吃限定食物

goondietbeondiet

Goingondietisofgreatimportancetothoseteenagerswhoputonweightduetoexcessiveeating.Onaverage平均Onaverage,everyteacherhas160studentstoteach,soyoucanimaginehowhardtheteachershavetowork.平均每位老師教１６０名學(xué)生，所以你可以想像老師們工作多辛苦。Atrisk在危險(xiǎn)中WhenSARSwasspreading,allpeoplewereatrisk.Thankstothetimelyandeffectivemeasurestakenbyourgovernment,itwasfinallybroughtundercontrol.非典流行期間，所有的人都有危險(xiǎn)。多虧我們的政府采取了及時(shí)有效的措施，才使它最終得以控制。beyondourcontrol無(wú)法抗拒的

(L.7)"Unlessitgetsoutofcontrol,acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandchallenge."“除非你控制不了,一定的壓力對(duì)于向人們提供動(dòng)力和挑戰(zhàn)極其重要。"聯(lián)：beyondone’sreach/praise/power/comprehension/doubt/comparison/…toworkon…從事于,致力于

(L.13)TheprosperityofChina’saeronautictechnologyismainlyduetothescientistswhoareworkingoninventingnewmethodsofreachingouterspace.中國(guó)航空技術(shù)的繁榮應(yīng)該歸功于那些科學(xué)家，他們致力于研究一些新方法探索太空。becomeessentialto必不可缺少的(L.42)隨著空巢家庭越來(lái)越多，電視成為老年人生活中不可缺少的一局部，為他們排遣孤獨(dú)。Withtheincreaseof“empty-nest〞family,televisionbecomesessentialtooldpeopleasawaytorelievetheirloneliness.placesasfarapartas…and…

像…與…這樣相距甚遠(yuǎn)(L.48)

人們盡管相距如兩極那樣遙遠(yuǎn)，但仍能借助因特網(wǎng)進(jìn)行交流。People,thoughasfarapartasthetwoPoles,cancommunicatewitheachotherthroughtheInternet.tobeoneofthemost

widespreadinfluences

是…最具深遠(yuǎn)影響的方面之一(L.53)Thebirthofcloningiswidelythoughttobeoneofthemostwidespreadinfluencesinthelate20thcentury.

克隆技術(shù)的誕生被廣泛認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)末最具深遠(yuǎn)影響的事件之一。tostartup…ofone’sown建立起自己的…

(L.55)Eveninhisearlytwenties,LiJiachengwasaimingatstartingabusinessofhisownandmakinggreateffort.李嘉誠(chéng)二十歲出頭就確立了建立自己公司的目標(biāo)并為此做出了艱苦的努力。…onaverageeverytenyears平均每十年就…(L.57)

在IT行業(yè)，平均每?jī)赡昃鸵轮R(shí)。InthefieldofITIndustry,knowledgeneedsupdatingonaverageeverytwoyears.Suchheatingfacilitiesneedscheckingonaverageeveryfiveyears.這些的供暖系統(tǒng)需要平均每5年檢查一次。

…tobetheconcernof關(guān)注,所關(guān)心的是…

(L.57)

Themanagingdirector'sonlyconcernwashowtoimprovethequalityoftheirproducts.總經(jīng)理心里想的全是如何提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。tobeundersiege遭到攻擊(L.70)Whenbadhabitsoflitteringareundersiegeonallsidesandhavenowheretostayinoursociety,environmentpollutionwill,tocertainextent,bebroughtundercontrol.如果亂扔垃圾的壞習(xí)慣遭到人們的唾棄，在社會(huì)上無(wú)處存身，環(huán)境污染將在一定程度上得到控制。todevelophealthylifestyles

養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式(L.78)Nowadaysmanyyoungpeoplewhosufferfromhighbloodpressureneedtodevelophealthylifestylesastohaveastrongbody.現(xiàn)在許多患高血壓的年輕人需要養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式以強(qiáng)身健體。VocabularyTesting(1)1.Somescientists____thattherewillbeagreatearthquakeinthenearfuture.A)evaluateB)estimateC)exceptD)predict2.Additional___,suchasair-conditioningandbucketseats,madeitanexpensivecar.A)alternationsB)selectionsC)alternativesD)decisionsDCVocabularyTesting(2)3.____theytrytobringoutanewdictionaryeveryotheryear.A)InshortB)InparticularC)OnaverageD)Ontime4.Hehasbeen____myletterformonths;whydoesn’theanswerit.A)respondingtoB)sittingonC)listeningtoD)workingonADVocabularyTesting(3)5.Itwasuncertainwhetherwecould____theterriblestorm.A)surviveB)liveC)relieveD)alive6.Mindandbodyinteract____eachother.

A)betweenB)withC)inD)onA

B

VocabularyTesting(4)7.Themachine____cloudsofgraysmoke.

A)givesB)turnsC)holdsD)emits8.Theyvolunteer____variousoddjobs.

A)doB)doingC)todoD)doneD

CVocabularyTesting(5)9.His____asanartistisnotasuccess.A)occupationB)jobC)workD)career10.Parentsshouldnot____theirowntasteontheirchildren.A)imposeB)forbidC)putD)takeDAVocabularyTesting(6)Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatephrases:performancemoreandmoreprotectionimpose…onvolunteerinteractwithprofitfromgoondietworkononaverageatriskundersiegeVocabularyTesting(7)performancemoreandmoreprotectionimpose…onvolunteerinteractwithprofitfromgoondietworkononaverageatriskundersiege1.Ourfootballteam’s__________hasbeenpoorduringthewholeyear.

2.TheRedCrossAssociationprovidesadequate________forpeoplefromhungerwindcoldness.

performanceprotectionVocabularyTesting8performancemoreandmoreprotectionimpose…onvolunteerinteractwithprofitfromgoondietworkononaverageatriskundersiege3.Parentsshouldnot______theirowntaste___theirchildren.4.Anumberofuniversitystudents____________toserveinthe2021OlympicGames.impose

havevolunteered

on

VocabularyTesting(9)performancemoreandmoreprotectionimpose…onvolunteerinteractwithprofitfromgoondietworkononaverageatriskundersiege5.________________otherseffectivelyisanabilityessentialtoasalesrepresentative.6.Youcan____more____criticismsandsuggestionsratherthanpraises.Interactingwith

profit

from

VocabularyTesting(10)performancemoreandmoreprotectionimpose…onvolunteerinteractwithprofitfromgoondietworkononaverageatriskundersiege7.Manyyounggirlswho__________sufferfrommalnutritionandindigestion.8.TherainfallforAugustinyourcountry,_________,is8millimeterspermonth.goondietonaverageVocabularyTesting(11)performancemoreandmoreprotectionimpose…onvolunteerinteractwithprofitfromgoondietworkononaverageatriskundersiege9.Suchaninvestmentputsthecompany_______.10.Thoughitwasfarlateintonight,thegirlstill_______herreport.

atrisk

workon

Difficultsentenceparaphrase(1)原句：Homecomputerswillenableyoutoanswerinteractivequestionsaboutyourhealthandshowthealternativeresultsshouldyouactinacertainway.(L25-27)改寫：Homecomputerswillaskandansweryourquestionsabouthealthandtellyouthedifferentresultsofyourdifferentactions.講解：本句中的should代替了if的作用，“if+主語(yǔ)+should+v.〞的結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常被用作省略的倒裝句形式“should+主語(yǔ)+v.〞，再如：Shouldyourteachercome,whatwouldyoutellher?如果你老師來(lái)的話，你怎么說(shuō)？enablesb./sth.todosth.意思為“使某人/某物能夠做……〞，其中enable后面必須接帶to的不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Difficultsentenceparaphrase(2)原句：MorethanhalfofthehomecomputerssoldintheUnitedStatesinrecentyearswillbecomeessentialtohomelifeinthewest.(L41-42)改寫：Recently,almosthalfofthehomecomputerssoldintheUnitedStateswillbecomebasicallyimportanttohomelifeinwesterncountries.

講解：soldintheUnitedStates是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，表示已經(jīng)被完成的動(dòng)作。Itisessentialthat…的句型中，that后面要用should+do的形式。

Difficultsentenceparaphrase(3)原句：Nowgovernmentsandbusinessesrealizebadairandwaterpollutionaffecteveryone,makingitdifficultforcitiestosurviveandforbusinessestomakeaprofit.(L65-67)改寫：Nowadaysgovernmentsandcompaniesknowquitewellthatairandwaterpollutionwouldhaveinfluenceoneveryone,thusitisdifficultforcitiestohaveagoodenvironmentandforcompaniestomakemoney.講解：itis+adj.+forsb./sth.todosth.的句型如果后面跟了原因的話，就可以把這種結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化成makeit+adj.+forsb.todosth.。WritingParagraphofatopicsupportedbydetails(1)AparagraphisagroupofsentenceswrittentodeveloponeMAINIDEAaboutagivenTOPICandDETAILSthatsupportthemainidea.Theabilitytorecognizethetopic,mainidea,anddetailshelpsthereadertounderstandtheinformationcontainedineachparagraphofatext.Paragraphofatopicsupportedbydetails(2)Themainideaistheprimarypointthewritermakesaboutthetopic.Themainideaissupportedbythedetailsintheparagraph.Toidentifythemainideaaskyourselfthisquestion:"Whatistheauthorsayingaboutthetopic?"

Amainideacanbestatedorimplied.

Paragraphofatopicsupportedbydetails(3)Stated:Acompletesentence(TOPICSENTENCE)writtenintheparagraphtellsthecentralpointoftheparagraphandissupportedbythedetailsintheparagraph.Implied:Themainideaisnotwrittenintheparagraph.Youhavetoreadtheparagraph,analyzethedetailsanddeterminewhatideatheyaresupporting.

Paragraphofatopicsupportedbydetails(4)

LOCATIONoftheTOPICSENTENCE:

Veryoftenitisthefirstsentenceintheparagraph.However,itcanalsobeinthemiddleaswellasattheveryendoftheparagraph.Sometimes,thereisnosentenceintheparagraphthatdirectlystatesthemainidea.Themainideaissimplyleftunstatedorimplied.

Paragraphofatopicsupportedbydetails(5)Toproveorexplainthemainidea,thewriterusessupportingdetailsthatcantaketheformoffacts,examples,events,reasonsorcomparisons.MAJORDETAILScontributedirectlytothemainidea.MINORDETAILSusuallyelaborateonsomemajordetailthatsupportsthemainidea.Paragraphofatopicsupportedbydetails(6)Tosupportatopicsentence,considersomeofthepossiblewaysthatprovidedetails.Todevelopaparagraph,useoneormoreofthese:AddexamplesTellastorythatillustratesthepointyou'remakingDiscussaprocessCompareandcontrastUseanalogies(eg.,"XissimilartoYbecause…")DiscusscauseandeffectDefineyourtermsSectionBTrendforthe21stcenturyTableofContentsReadingComprehensionVocabularyStudyVocabularyTestReadingComprehension(1)Q:Infuture,whydidpeopleeatlessredmeatandmorefish?A:Becausetheoutputcostofproducingmeatexceedsthatofproducingfish.Q:Inthe21stcenturywhat’sthetrendforusingenergy?A:Thetrendistowardlessdangeroussourcesofenergy.ReadingComprehension(2)Q:Whydosomediseaseswhichhavebeenbroughtundercontrolreappearinthenewcentury?A:Becauseofpeople’sindifferentattitudestowardsthesediseases.Q:Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenhepicturesthetrendsforthe21stcentury?A:Heislookingforwardtothenewcenturywithhope.ReadingComprehension(3)Readthefollowingstatements.Aretheytrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext?Correctthefalsestatementsthen.____1.Infuture,people’slifespanbecomesmuchlongerthaneverbefore.._____2.ThereasonwhyChina’spopulationgrowthratehassloweddownismainlybecausethenumberofwomengoingtoschoolincreases.FTReadingComprehension(4)_____3.Peoplewilleatmorefishinfuture,becauseit’snutritious._____4.Thereisawidervarietyofenergyinthenewcentury._____5.Automobileproductionbecomesmoreandmoreprosperousforitprovidespeoplewithconsiderableconvenience._____6.Peopleinthenewcenturyaremorehealth-consciousthanthosenowadaysFTFFVocabularyandStructureYoushouldmemorizethefollowingcorevocabularyandusefulstructure.decreasen.&v.減少，降低(1)搭配：onthedecrease在減少中,在下降中；

decreaseto減少到

decreaseby減少了

Comparedwithlastelection,thenumberofvotersdecreasedby10%becausemoreandmorepeoplebecameindifferenttopolitics.與上次選舉相比，投票人數(shù)減少了10%,因?yàn)樵絹?lái)越多的人對(duì)政治變得漠不關(guān)心。decreasen.&v.減少，降低(2)BecausethedifficultiesingettingAmericanvisa,thenumberofstudentswhotakeTOEFLisonthedecreasewhileIELTSisbecomingmoreandmorepopularamongChinesestudents.因?yàn)楦懊篮炞C困難，參加托福考試的學(xué)生人數(shù)在下降，而雅思考試在中國(guó)學(xué)生中越來(lái)越受歡送了。

tendv.趨向于，可能搭配：tendtodo=belikelytodo,beliabletodo,beapttodo傾向于Youngpeopleacceptnewthingsquicklywhiletheoldtendtobemoreconservative,whichpartiallyleadstotheappearanceofgenerationgap.年輕人接受新鮮事物快，而老年人傾向于保守,這在一定程度上導(dǎo)致了代溝的出現(xiàn)。

派生：tendencyn.declinen.&v.下降;謝絕,婉謝[用法]declinetodo…拒絕做……onthedecline在消弱，在衰退declinesth.拒絕某事(做拒絕講,主語(yǔ)只能是人)[搭配]declineanoffer拒絕請(qǐng)求declineaninvitation謝絕邀請(qǐng)declinetoansweraquestion拒絕答復(fù)以下問(wèn)題Thecompanyhasgoneintoadeclinebecauseoffallingdemandforyears.這些年來(lái)，由于市場(chǎng)需求下降，這家公司的生意每況愈下。declinen.&v.下降;謝絕,婉謝[辨]decline/refuse/reject都含“拒絕〞的意思decline指“較正式地、有禮貌地謝絕〞e.g.Hedeclinedthenomination.他謝絕提名。Refuse普通用語(yǔ),指“堅(jiān)決,果斷或坦率地拒絕〞(refusetodo)e.g.Herefusedtotakethemoney.Reject指“以否認(rèn)、敵對(duì)或抵抗的態(tài)度而當(dāng)面拒絕〞(rejectsth.)e.g.Theyrejecteddamagedgoods.Deny表示不容許、不給予，含有使別人得不到的意思。(denysb.sth.)e.g.Hedenieshiswifenothing.Efficienta.效率高的;(指人)能力強(qiáng)的

Thenewsecretaryisaquick,efficientworker,andthebossisquitesatisfiedwithher.新來(lái)的秘書是個(gè)敏捷的、效率高的工作人員,老板對(duì)她很滿意。

派生：efficientlyad.efficiencyn.(反)inefficient效率低的,效率差的,(指人)不能勝任的,無(wú)能的availablea.(常作表語(yǔ))(物)可利用的,能夠得到的;(人)可見(jiàn)的,有空的

搭配：beavailablefor對(duì)于…可用ThegeneralenvironmentforustolearnEnglishismuchsuperiortoitwasadecadeagobecausenowabundantresourcesareavailableforus,sowehavenoreasonsnottolearnEnglishwell.現(xiàn)在我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的總體環(huán)境比起10年前優(yōu)越多了，因?yàn)橛胸S富的資源可供我們利用。我們沒(méi)有理由學(xué)不好英語(yǔ)。Theprofessorwillbeavailabletodayfrom2:00P.M.to4:00P.M.,soifyouhaveanyquestions,youmaycometohisofficethen.教授今天下午兩點(diǎn)到四點(diǎn)有空兒，所以如果你有問(wèn)題，就可在那時(shí)去他的辦公室。availablea.(常作表語(yǔ))(物)可利用的,能夠得到的;(人)可見(jiàn)的,有空的

Conclusionn.結(jié)論,結(jié)束,結(jié)局搭配：inconclusion最后,總之cometo/arriveat/reach/drawaconclusion下結(jié)論leap/jumptoaconclusion冒然斷定,過(guò)早下結(jié)論…Inconclusion,withouthighqualitygoods,abusinesscan’tsurviveinthefiercecompetition,inanotherword,honestystillcounts.Involvein使卷入，陷入

Inrecentyears,theauthoritiesaretakingdrasticmeasurestocontroldrugtrafficking,forthosedrugaddictsinvolvethousandsoffamiliesinmiserablelife.近年來(lái)，當(dāng)局采取有力措施控制販毒活動(dòng)，因?yàn)槟切┪菊甙亚f(wàn)個(gè)家庭卷入了悲慘的生活。atanalarmingrate

以驚人的速度

ThenumberofprivatecarsinBeijingisincreasingatanalarmingrate,whichmakesthetrafficproblemevenmorechallenging.北京私家車的數(shù)目正在以驚人的速度增長(zhǎng)，這使得交通問(wèn)題更具挑戰(zhàn)性。washaway(被洪水)破壞當(dāng)洪水沖走人們房屋和田地時(shí)，是各級(jí)政府救濟(jì)了水災(zāi)區(qū)的人們。Whenfloodswashedawaypeople’shousesandfields,itwasgovernmentatvariouslevelswhorelievedthepeopleintheflood-strickenareas.poseaquestion提出問(wèn)題(L.2)Evenathisearlyage,Edisonwouldliketousehiswitsandposemanystrangeandinterestingquestionstohisparentsandteachers.愛(ài)迪生很小時(shí)，就喜歡動(dòng)腦筋，向父母和老師們問(wèn)了許許多多奇怪又有趣的問(wèn)題。…trendsemerge出現(xiàn)…的趨勢(shì)(L.7)Lastyear,anewtrendemerginginclothingindustryallovertheworldisthepopularityoftraditionalChinesecostume.去年全世界服裝行業(yè)出現(xiàn)了一種新趨勢(shì)，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的唐裝變得流行起來(lái)。

lifespan壽命(L.5)Thankstotheimprovedlivingstandardandadvancedmedicalcaresystem,men’slifespanbecomesincreasinglonger.由于生活水平的提高和先進(jìn)的醫(yī)療保健制度，人們的壽命變得越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)了。excessivesmokinganddrinking

酗煙/酒(L.12)Excessivesmokinganddrinkingisoneofthefactorswhichcontributestofamilyviolenceandfurtherleadstodivorce.酗煙/酒是家庭暴力產(chǎn)生的原因之一，也是進(jìn)一步造成離婚的原因之一。Oneoutofeveryfivepeople…

(+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ))每…人中一個(gè)…(L.15)

Accordingtoaninterestingon-linesurvey,oneoutofevery5girlsinbigcitieshasdyedtheirhair.根據(jù)一個(gè)有趣的網(wǎng)上調(diào)查，在大城市中每5個(gè)女性中就有一個(gè)染過(guò)頭發(fā)。trade…for…(L.40)互相交換,互相對(duì)換Onmypart,Iwillnevertradehonestyformoney.對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，我決不會(huì)為了錢而出賣誠(chéng)信。keep…undercontrol…(L.53)&

havecontrolover…(L.55)控制…Livinginanagriculturalcountry,Chinesepeoplehadmadeunremittingeffortstobringwaterundercontrolthroughouthistory.Nowtheeffortispaid.生活在農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家的中國(guó)人在歷史中一直不斷地為了治水作出了巨大的努力。現(xiàn)在這種努力有了收獲。…behometo…(L.60)棲息地,生長(zhǎng)地;發(fā)源地It’suniversallyacknowledgedthatHuangheRiveristhehometoChinesepeople.舉世公認(rèn)黃河是中華民族的發(fā)源地。Difficultsentenceparaphrase(1)原句：OneoutofeveryfivepeopleonEarthisChinese,yetChina’sgrowthratehasslowed.(L15-16)改寫：ThereisoneChineseineachfivepeopleonEarth,whereasChinahassloweddownitsbirthrate.講解：這句話的主語(yǔ)是one，而不是fivepeople，因此，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用的是單數(shù)is。在表示比例的…outof…結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與outof之前的詞的數(shù)一致。。Difficultsentenceparaphrase(2)原句：Producingakilogramoffishutilizeslessthan2kilogramsoffeed,butittakes2.2kilogramsoffeedtoproduce1kilogramofchicken.(L24-25)改寫：Youcanuselessthan2kilogramsoffeedtoget1kilogramoffish,whilefor1kilogramofchicken,youhavetouse2.2kilogramsoffeed.

講解：本句的主語(yǔ)是producingakilogramoffish動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)的形式。but后的句子的形式主語(yǔ)是it，真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)toproduce1kilogramofchicken。Difficultsentenceparaphrase(3)原句：Manyofthesetreesareinourrainforestswherethickareasofplantsandtrees,homeformanybirdsandanimals,aredisappearing.(L59-61)改寫：Manyrainforeststreesarecutdown,thereforemanybirdsandanimalsaredisappearingbecauseoflosingtheirhomes.講解：where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞forest。homeformanybirdsandanimals是thickareasofplantsandtrees的同位語(yǔ)。Difficultsentenceparaphrase(4)原句：Maywefindnewwaystoaccomplishthetask.(L65)改寫：Wehopeverymuchthat