UnitNineTeachingObjectivesEnlargevocabularyTalkaboutlifeinthe21stcenturyLearntoreadforlisting,citationanddeductionorganizationLearntowriteparagraphsofatopicsupportedbydetailsSectionsSectionALookingtothe21stcentury

SectionBTrendforthe21stcenturySectionCLifestylesthe21stcenturySectionALookingtothe21stcentury

TableofContentsBackgroundInformationWarming-upActivitiesTextAnalysisVocabularyandStructureVocabularyTestingWritingBackgroundInformation(1)Wearelivinginaneweconomy-poweredbytechnology,fueledbyinformation,anddrivenbyknowledge.Theinfluenceoftechnologywillgobeyondnewequipmentandfastercommunications,asworkandskillswillberedefinedandreorganizedforithasalreasychangedtheprocessofhumancivilization.BackgroundInformation(2)Whenlookingintothe21stcentury,youmayuseyourvividimaginationtopictureyourfuturelife.Whatyourfuturebe?Enteringthenewmillenniummankindseemedmorefocusedonenvironmental,sociologicalandfinancialproblems.BackgroundInformation(3)

Twentiethcenturysocietywasstronglyinfluencedbytheshockoftheintroductionofnewinventions.Communication,themedia,cinemaandtelevisioncausedglobaleventstobecometheconcernofalltheworld'spopulation.Intheremotestpartsoftheglobepeopleknowoflifeinmodernsocieties,beitinadistortedmannerthroughmoderncommunications.BackgroundInformation(4)

Thesocietyinour21stcenturyfacesmanychangesandchallenges,andmaymoveindirectionswehavenoideaofpresently.Wehumanbeingsshouldbetterprepareusforthe21stlifebothtechnologicallyandphilosophically.Otherwisesomedaytheglobemaynotbeabletosupportitsspeciesandhumansocietyanymore.BackgroundInformation(5)

Scienceisalwayswrong.Itneversolvesaproblemwithoutcreatingtenmore.

科學永遠是不完整的。它每解決一個問題，又會產生十個問題。Warming-upActivities(1)Groupdiscussion:Whatchangesarelikelytotakeplaceinthe21stcentury?Whattoolbringsaboutmajorpossiblechangesinthe21stcentury?Doyoulikethosechanges?Warming-upActivities(2)Chooseorgivethecorrectanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtowhatyourreadfromthetext.1.Whoorwhat,accordingtotheeditorofthefuturist,determinesourfuture?____.A)OurfateB)WeourselvesC)ForcesbeyondourcontrolD)ThefutureitselfBWarming-upActivities(3)2.Whichifthefollowingcannotbedonebycomputers?_____A)ShowingdriversthemapofdistrictsthecarisgoingB)DiagnosinganyproblemwiththecarengineC)TakingtheplaceofthedriverD)Recordingthepassageofthecar

CWarming-upActivities(4)3.Whichofthefollowingwillbethefeatureofmanagementofthe21stcentury?____.A)GeneralworkersarenotneededB)TopmanagerswillbemoreandmoreC)SpecialistsarelikelytobetopmanagersD)LevelsofmiddlemanagementwillbeondecreaseDWarming-upActivities(5)Afterreadingthepassage,answerthefollowingquestions:WhatwaspsychologistArthurKramer’sfinding?Whatwillthe21stcenturydoctorsdependonintheirmedicaldiagnosisandtreatment?Whatwillbemoreimportanttothesuccessofabusiness?Willtheenvironmentinthefuturechangeforthebetter?Why?Warming-upActivities(6)Afterreadingthepassage,answerthefollowingquestions:5.Howwillcomputershelpstudentsinthefuturedotheirhomeworkassignments?6.Whatdomostdoctorsdonowforthehealthofpatients?Warming-upActivities(7)II.Readthefollowingstatements.Aretheytrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext?___1.Bossescouldusefrequentcomputeranalysisofbrainactivitytotellwhethertheiremployeesworkefficiently.___2.Whenyouareill,youwillhavetogotoseedoctorsbyyourselfinthefuture.___3.Inthefuture,everyonewillbeabletorepairhiscarallbyhimself,forcomputerswilltellhow.TFFWarming-upActivities(8)____4.Inthefutureifwewanttogetemployedmoreeasilythanotherswe’dbetterarmourselveswithsomespecializedknowledge.____5.Developinghealthylifestyles,suchasexercisingmoreandgivingupsmoking,ismuchbetterwayforapersontokeephealthythantakingpills.TTTextanalysis(1)Thepassagegivesusadetailedaccountofthetremendouschangesthatwouldtakeplaceinthe21stcentury.Inordertogiveaclearpictureoffuturelife,theauthorofthispassagelistseightdifferentimportantelementsaboutfuture.Textanalysis(2)Eachelementispresentedthesameway,fromthetopictoprecisedetails.Thisiscalledcitation,averyeffectivewayofpresentingideas.Textanalysis(3)TaketheNumber6forexample.Wefindthatthetopicforthispartis“thechangingfaceofworkandworkplace〞.Todescribethechanges,thewriterorganizesfiveshortparagraphsinthispart:Textanalysis(4)Thefirstparagraphisaboutthegeneralstatement.Thesecondoneisaboutthewomen’sroleinwork.Thethirdoneisaboutpeople’schangingcareer.Thefourthoneisabouttheroleofinformationandknowledgeatworkplace.Thefifthoneisabouttheroleofspecialist.Andfromthesecondparagraphtothefifthparagrapharedetailstosupportthegeneralstatementinthefirstparagraph.Textanalysis(5)Yourfuture(Para.1-4)Yourfutureisdecidedbyyourownactionstoday.Yourbrain(Paras.5-8)

One’sbrainwavecanhelpinmeasuringone’sability.Yourdoctor(Para.9-11)

Computerscanhelpyourfuturedoctordiagnoseyourdisease.Yourcar(Para.12-16)YourcarwillbealmostentirelycontrolledbycomputersTextanalysis(6)Yourcomputerhome(Para.17-21)

Yourfuturehomewillbemademorecomfortablebycomputersandtheywillbeanecessityinyourfuturehome.Theworkplace(Paras.22-27)

Therewillbesomenewtendenciesinwork.Theenvironment(Paras.28-31)

Moreandmorepeoplewillshowconcernabouttheenvironmentinthefuture.Yourhealth(Para.32-35)Ideasabouthealthwillbedifferentinthe21stcentury.VocabularyandStructureYoushouldmemorizethefollowingcorevocabularyandusefulstructure.Impose把…強加于;征(稅),強加搭配：impose…on/uponIdon’twanttoimposemyideasonyou,butIdohopethatyoucantakemyproposalintoconsideration.我不想把我的思想強加于你，但我真的希望你能考慮一下我的提議。Don'timposeyourselfonpeoplewhodon'twantyou.不要勉強和不需要你的人在一起。Volunteern.志愿者v.甘愿(1)搭配：volunteertodo自愿做volunteerforsth.自告奮勇為某事Inordertogettoknowthesocietybetter,collegestudentscandosomevoluntarywork.Forexample,theycanvolunteertoserveinthecommunity.為了更好地了解社會，大學生可做些義務工作。比方，他們可以志愿參加社區效勞。Volunteern.志愿者v.甘愿(2)Anexcellentteacherknowshowtoarousetheinterestofthestudentsandgetthemtovolunteerforvariouskindsofclassactivities.優秀的教師知道如何調動學生的積極性并讓他們主動地參與各種各樣的課堂動。擴展：voluntaryadj.,voluntarilyadv.Alternativen.

選擇對象;選擇余地

a.

隨便一個的；二者擇一的

句型：別無選擇只能做…

havenoalternativebuttodosth.聯：havenooption/choicebuttodosth.區：havenothingtodobutdosth.

Undergreatpressure,youngpeoplehaveonalternativesbuttolearnmoreastobetterpreparethemselvesforfiercecompetitioninthesociety.

擴展：alternationn.

交替,輪流,間隔Connection

n.連接,線路;關系,親戚搭配：inconnectionwith關于…,與…有關

haveaconnectionwith和…有關系;

connectionbetween…之間的聯系HeaskedmemanyquestionsinconnectionwithlifeinChina.他問了我許多有關中國生活情況的問題。Doyoubelievethatthereisaconnectionbetweensmokingandheartdisease?你相信吸煙與心臟病有關系嗎?Protectionn.保護搭配：protectagainst/from

使…免受…Johnhasinsuredallhispropertiestoprotectthemagainstlossesfromdamageordestruction.約翰把所有財產都保了險，以防受破環遭損失。Inordertobetterprotectourenvironment,weshouldfirstofallstrengthenourawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.為了更好地保護環境，我們首先要強化環保意識。Survivev.幸免于,幸存；比…活得長(1)

搭配：survivesth.從…逃生，在…中幸存survivesb.by...比某人多活Weallknowtheprincipleofsurvivalofthefittest,soonlythepetitivebusinessescansurvivethefiercemarketcompetition.我們知道適者生存的原理，所以只有最具競爭力的企業才能在劇烈的市場競爭中幸存。Survivev.幸免于,幸存;比…活得長(2)

Generally,womenenjoylongerlifespanthanmenandsheisnoexception.Shesurvivedherhusbandby10years.一般來講，女人比男人壽命長，她也不例外。她比她丈夫多活了１０年。擴展：survivaln.,survivorn.幸存者Profitn.利潤,益處v.得益,有利于(1)搭配：profitby/from得益于…makeaprofit獲利gross[net]profits毛[純]利fatprofit巨額利潤reapprofitsattheexpenseofothers損人利已擴展：profitablea.有利可圖的Profitn.利潤,益處v.得益,有利于(2)Studentsdohopetoprofitby/fromtheteachers’commentsontheircompositions.學生們真心希望從老師對他們的作文的評語中獲得益處。Thecompanyinvestedalotinthedevelopmentofhigh-techproducts.Inreturn,ithasmadeafatprofit.這家公司投入了大量的資金進行高科技產品的開發。作為回報，它也應得了巨額利潤。Ban

n.&v.禁止Inrecentyears,moreandmoreadvertisementshavebeenfloodingintoourlives.Someadvertisementsexertnegativeeffectsontheyouth.Thereforesomepeoplesuggestthatadvertisementsbebanned.近年來，越來越多的廣告充滿我們的生活。有些廣告對年輕人產生不良影響，因此有人提出要禁止廣告。Diet日常飲食,規定飲食

搭配：節食,吃限定食物

goondietbeondiet

Goingondietisofgreatimportancetothoseteenagerswhoputonweightduetoexcessiveeating.Onaverage平均Onaverage,everyteacherhas160studentstoteach,soyoucanimaginehowhardtheteachershavetowork.平均每位老師教１６０名學生，所以你可以想像老師們工作多辛苦。Atrisk在危險中WhenSARSwasspreading,allpeoplewereatrisk.Thankstothetimelyandeffectivemeasurestakenbyourgovernment,itwasfinallybroughtundercontrol.非典流行期間，所有的人都有危險。多虧我們的政府采取了及時有效的措施，才使它最終得以控制。beyondourcontrol無法抗拒的

(L.7)"Unlessitgetsoutofcontrol,acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandchallenge."“除非你控制不了,一定的壓力對于向人們提供動力和挑戰極其重要。"聯：beyondone’sreach/praise/power/comprehension/doubt/comparison/…toworkon…從事于,致力于

(L.13)TheprosperityofChina’saeronautictechnologyismainlyduetothescientistswhoareworkingoninventingnewmethodsofreachingouterspace.中國航空技術的繁榮應該歸功于那些科學家，他們致力于研究一些新方法探索太空。becomeessentialto必不可缺少的(L.42)隨著空巢家庭越來越多，電視成為老年人生活中不可缺少的一局部，為他們排遣孤獨。Withtheincreaseof“empty-nest〞family,televisionbecomesessentialtooldpeopleasawaytorelievetheirloneliness.placesasfarapartas…and…

像…與…這樣相距甚遠(L.48)

人們盡管相距如兩極那樣遙遠，但仍能借助因特網進行交流。People,thoughasfarapartasthetwoPoles,cancommunicatewitheachotherthroughtheInternet.tobeoneofthemost

widespreadinfluences

是…最具深遠影響的方面之一(L.53)Thebirthofcloningiswidelythoughttobeoneofthemostwidespreadinfluencesinthelate20thcentury.

克隆技術的誕生被廣泛認為是20世紀末最具深遠影響的事件之一。tostartup…ofone’sown建立起自己的…

(L.55)Eveninhisearlytwenties,LiJiachengwasaimingatstartingabusinessofhisownandmakinggreateffort.李嘉誠二十歲出頭就確立了建立自己公司的目標并為此做出了艱苦的努力。…onaverageeverytenyears平均每十年就…(L.57)

在IT行業，平均每兩年就要更新知識。InthefieldofITIndustry,knowledgeneedsupdatingonaverageeverytwoyears.Suchheatingfacilitiesneedscheckingonaverageeveryfiveyears.這些的供暖系統需要平均每5年檢查一次。

…tobetheconcernof關注,所關心的是…

(L.57)

Themanagingdirector'sonlyconcernwashowtoimprovethequalityoftheirproducts.總經理心里想的全是如何提高產品質量。tobeundersiege遭到攻擊(L.70)Whenbadhabitsoflitteringareundersiegeonallsidesandhavenowheretostayinoursociety,environmentpollutionwill,tocertainextent,bebroughtundercontrol.如果亂扔垃圾的壞習慣遭到人們的唾棄，在社會上無處存身，環境污染將在一定程度上得到控制。todevelophealthylifestyles

養成健康的生活方式(L.78)Nowadaysmanyyoungpeoplewhosufferfromhighbloodpressureneedtodevelophealthylifestylesastohaveastrongbody.現在許多患高血壓的年輕人需要養成健康的生活方式以強身健體。VocabularyTesting(1)1.Somescientists____thattherewillbeagreatearthquakeinthenearfuture.A)evaluateB)estimateC)exceptD)predict2.Additional___,suchasair-conditioningandbucketseats,madeitanexpensivecar.A)alternationsB)selectionsC)alternativesD)decisionsDCVocabularyTesting(2)3.____theytrytobringoutanewdictionaryeveryotheryear.A)InshortB)InparticularC)OnaverageD)Ontime4.Hehasbeen____myletterformonths;whydoesn’theanswerit.A)respondingtoB)sittingonC)listeningtoD)workingonADVocabularyTesting(3)5.Itwasuncertainwhetherwecould____theterriblestorm.A)surviveB)liveC)relieveD)alive6.Mindandbodyinteract____eachother.

A)betweenB)withC)inD)onA

B

VocabularyTesting(4)7.Themachine____cloudsofgraysmoke.

A)givesB)turnsC)holdsD)emits8.Theyvolunteer____variousoddjobs.

A)doB)doingC)todoD)doneD

CVocabularyTesting(5)9.His____asanartistisnotasuccess.A)occupationB)jobC)workD)career10.Parentsshouldnot____theirowntasteontheirchildren.A)imposeB)forbidC)putD)takeDAVocabularyTesting(6)Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatephrases:performancemoreandmoreprotectionimpose…onvolunteerinteractwithprofitfromgoondietworkononaverageatriskundersiegeVocabularyTesting(7)performancemoreandmoreprotectionimpose…onvolunteerinteractwithprofitfromgoondietworkononaverageatriskundersiege1.Ourfootballteam’s__________hasbeenpoorduringthewholeyear.

2.TheRedCrossAssociationprovidesadequate________forpeoplefromhungerwindcoldness.

performanceprotectionVocabularyTesting8performancemoreandmoreprotectionimpose…onvolunteerinteractwithprofitfromgoondietworkononaverageatriskundersiege3.Parentsshouldnot______theirowntaste___theirchildren.4.Anumberofuniversitystudents____________toserveinthe2021OlympicGames.impose

havevolunteered

on

VocabularyTesting(9)performancemoreandmoreprotectionimpose…onvolunteerinteractwithprofitfromgoondietworkononaverageatriskundersiege5.________________otherseffectivelyisanabilityessentialtoasalesrepresentative.6.Youcan____more____criticismsandsuggestionsratherthanpraises.Interactingwith

profit

from

VocabularyTesting(10)performancemoreandmoreprotectionimpose…onvolunteerinteractwithprofitfromgoondietworkononaverageatriskundersiege7.Manyyounggirlswho__________sufferfrommalnutritionandindigestion.8.TherainfallforAugustinyourcountry,_________,is8millimeterspermonth.goondietonaverageVocabularyTesting(11)performancemoreandmoreprotectionimpose…onvolunteerinteractwithprofitfromgoondietworkononaverageatriskundersiege9.Suchaninvestmentputsthecompany_______.10.Thoughitwasfarlateintonight,thegirlstill_______herreport.

atrisk

workon

Difficultsentenceparaphrase(1)原句：Homecomputerswillenableyoutoanswerinteractivequestionsaboutyourhealthandshowthealternativeresultsshouldyouactinacertainway.(L25-27)改寫：Homecomputerswillaskandansweryourquestionsabouthealthandtellyouthedifferentresultsofyourdifferentactions.講解：本句中的should代替了if的作用，“if+主語+should+v.〞的結構經常被用作省略的倒裝句形式“should+主語+v.〞，再如：Shouldyourteachercome,whatwouldyoutellher?如果你老師來的話，你怎么說？enablesb./sth.todosth.意思為“使某人/某物能夠做……〞，其中enable后面必須接帶to的不定式做賓語補足語。Difficultsentenceparaphrase(2)原句：MorethanhalfofthehomecomputerssoldintheUnitedStatesinrecentyearswillbecomeessentialtohomelifeinthewest.(L41-42)改寫：Recently,almosthalfofthehomecomputerssoldintheUnitedStateswillbecomebasicallyimportanttohomelifeinwesterncountries.

講解：soldintheUnitedStates是過去分詞短語作定語，表示已經被完成的動作。Itisessentialthat…的句型中，that后面要用should+do的形式。

Difficultsentenceparaphrase(3)原句：Nowgovernmentsandbusinessesrealizebadairandwaterpollutionaffecteveryone,makingitdifficultforcitiestosurviveandforbusinessestomakeaprofit.(L65-67)改寫：Nowadaysgovernmentsandcompaniesknowquitewellthatairandwaterpollutionwouldhaveinfluenceoneveryone,thusitisdifficultforcitiestohaveagoodenvironmentandforcompaniestomakemoney.講解：itis+adj.+forsb./sth.todosth.的句型如果后面跟了原因的話，就可以把這種結構轉化成makeit+adj.+forsb.todosth.。WritingParagraphofatopicsupportedbydetails(1)AparagraphisagroupofsentenceswrittentodeveloponeMAINIDEAaboutagivenTOPICandDETAILSthatsupportthemainidea.Theabilitytorecognizethetopic,mainidea,anddetailshelpsthereadertounderstandtheinformationcontainedineachparagraphofatext.Paragraphofatopicsupportedbydetails(2)Themainideaistheprimarypointthewritermakesaboutthetopic.Themainideaissupportedbythedetailsintheparagraph.Toidentifythemainideaaskyourselfthisquestion:"Whatistheauthorsayingaboutthetopic?"

Amainideacanbestatedorimplied.

Paragraphofatopicsupportedbydetails(3)Stated:Acompletesentence(TOPICSENTENCE)writtenintheparagraphtellsthecentralpointoftheparagraphandissupportedbythedetailsintheparagraph.Implied:Themainideaisnotwrittenintheparagraph.Youhavetoreadtheparagraph,analyzethedetailsanddeterminewhatideatheyaresupporting.

Paragraphofatopicsupportedbydetails(4)

LOCATIONoftheTOPICSENTENCE:

Veryoftenitisthefirstsentenceintheparagraph.However,itcanalsobeinthemiddleaswellasattheveryendoftheparagraph.Sometimes,thereisnosentenceintheparagraphthatdirectlystatesthemainidea.Themainideaissimplyleftunstatedorimplied.

Paragraphofatopicsupportedbydetails(5)Toproveorexplainthemainidea,thewriterusessupportingdetailsthatcantaketheformoffacts,examples,events,reasonsorcomparisons.MAJORDETAILScontributedirectlytothemainidea.MINORDETAILSusuallyelaborateonsomemajordetailthatsupportsthemainidea.Paragraphofatopicsupportedbydetails(6)Tosupportatopicsentence,considersomeofthepossiblewaysthatprovidedetails.Todevelopaparagraph,useoneormoreofthese:AddexamplesTellastorythatillustratesthepointyou'remakingDiscussaprocessCompareandcontrastUseanalogies(eg.,"XissimilartoYbecause…")DiscusscauseandeffectDefineyourtermsSectionBTrendforthe21stcenturyTableofContentsReadingComprehensionVocabularyStudyVocabularyTestReadingComprehension(1)Q:Infuture,whydidpeopleeatlessredmeatandmorefish?A:Becausetheoutputcostofproducingmeatexceedsthatofproducingfish.Q:Inthe21stcenturywhat’sthetrendforusingenergy?A:Thetrendistowardlessdangeroussourcesofenergy.ReadingComprehension(2)Q:Whydosomediseaseswhichhavebeenbroughtundercontrolreappearinthenewcentury?A:Becauseofpeople’sindifferentattitudestowardsthesediseases.Q:Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenhepicturesthetrendsforthe21stcentury?A:Heislookingforwardtothenewcenturywithhope.ReadingComprehension(3)Readthefollowingstatements.Aretheytrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext?Correctthefalsestatementsthen.____1.Infuture,people’slifespanbecomesmuchlongerthaneverbefore.._____2.ThereasonwhyChina’spopulationgrowthratehassloweddownismainlybecausethenumberofwomengoingtoschoolincreases.FTReadingComprehension(4)_____3.Peoplewilleatmorefishinfuture,becauseit’snutritious._____4.Thereisawidervarietyofenergyinthenewcentury._____5.Automobileproductionbecomesmoreandmoreprosperousforitprovidespeoplewithconsiderableconvenience._____6.Peopleinthenewcenturyaremorehealth-consciousthanthosenowadaysFTFFVocabularyandStructureYoushouldmemorizethefollowingcorevocabularyandusefulstructure.decreasen.&v.減少，降低(1)搭配：onthedecrease在減少中,在下降中；

decreaseto減少到

decreaseby減少了

Comparedwithlastelection,thenumberofvotersdecreasedby10%becausemoreandmorepeoplebecameindifferenttopolitics.與上次選舉相比，投票人數減少了10%,因為越來越多的人對政治變得漠不關心。decreasen.&v.減少，降低(2)BecausethedifficultiesingettingAmericanvisa,thenumberofstudentswhotakeTOEFLisonthedecreasewhileIELTSisbecomingmoreandmorepopularamongChinesestudents.因為赴美簽證困難，參加托福考試的學生人數在下降，而雅思考試在中國學生中越來越受歡送了。

tendv.趨向于，可能搭配：tendtodo=belikelytodo,beliabletodo,beapttodo傾向于Youngpeopleacceptnewthingsquicklywhiletheoldtendtobemoreconservative,whichpartiallyleadstotheappearanceofgenerationgap.年輕人接受新鮮事物快，而老年人傾向于保守,這在一定程度上導致了代溝的出現。

派生：tendencyn.declinen.&v.下降;謝絕,婉謝[用法]declinetodo…拒絕做……onthedecline在消弱，在衰退declinesth.拒絕某事(做拒絕講,主語只能是人)[搭配]declineanoffer拒絕請求declineaninvitation謝絕邀請declinetoansweraquestion拒絕答復以下問題Thecompanyhasgoneintoadeclinebecauseoffallingdemandforyears.這些年來，由于市場需求下降，這家公司的生意每況愈下。declinen.&v.下降;謝絕,婉謝[辨]decline/refuse/reject都含“拒絕〞的意思decline指“較正式地、有禮貌地謝絕〞e.g.Hedeclinedthenomination.他謝絕提名。Refuse普通用語,指“堅決,果斷或坦率地拒絕〞(refusetodo)e.g.Herefusedtotakethemoney.Reject指“以否認、敵對或抵抗的態度而當面拒絕〞(rejectsth.)e.g.Theyrejecteddamagedgoods.Deny表示不容許、不給予，含有使別人得不到的意思。(denysb.sth.)e.g.Hedenieshiswifenothing.Efficienta.效率高的;(指人)能力強的

Thenewsecretaryisaquick,efficientworker,andthebossisquitesatisfiedwithher.新來的秘書是個敏捷的、效率高的工作人員,老板對她很滿意。

派生：efficientlyad.efficiencyn.(反)inefficient效率低的,效率差的,(指人)不能勝任的,無能的availablea.(常作表語)(物)可利用的,能夠得到的;(人)可見的,有空的

搭配：beavailablefor對于…可用ThegeneralenvironmentforustolearnEnglishismuchsuperiortoitwasadecadeagobecausenowabundantresourcesareavailableforus,sowehavenoreasonsnottolearnEnglishwell.現在我們學習英語的總體環境比起10年前優越多了，因為有豐富的資源可供我們利用。我們沒有理由學不好英語。Theprofessorwillbeavailabletodayfrom2:00P.M.to4:00P.M.,soifyouhaveanyquestions,youmaycometohisofficethen.教授今天下午兩點到四點有空兒，所以如果你有問題，就可在那時去他的辦公室。availablea.(常作表語)(物)可利用的,能夠得到的;(人)可見的,有空的

Conclusionn.結論,結束,結局搭配：inconclusion最后,總之cometo/arriveat/reach/drawaconclusion下結論leap/jumptoaconclusion冒然斷定,過早下結論…Inconclusion,withouthighqualitygoods,abusinesscan’tsurviveinthefiercecompetition,inanotherword,honestystillcounts.Involvein使卷入，陷入

Inrecentyears,theauthoritiesaretakingdrasticmeasurestocontroldrugtrafficking,forthosedrugaddictsinvolvethousandsoffamiliesinmiserablelife.近年來，當局采取有力措施控制販毒活動，因為那些吸毒者把千萬個家庭卷入了悲慘的生活。atanalarmingrate

以驚人的速度

ThenumberofprivatecarsinBeijingisincreasingatanalarmingrate,whichmakesthetrafficproblemevenmorechallenging.北京私家車的數目正在以驚人的速度增長，這使得交通問題更具挑戰性。washaway(被洪水)破壞當洪水沖走人們房屋和田地時，是各級政府救濟了水災區的人們。Whenfloodswashedawaypeople’shousesandfields,itwasgovernmentatvariouslevelswhorelievedthepeopleintheflood-strickenareas.poseaquestion提出問題(L.2)Evenathisearlyage,Edisonwouldliketousehiswitsandposemanystrangeandinterestingquestionstohisparentsandteachers.愛迪生很小時，就喜歡動腦筋，向父母和老師們問了許許多多奇怪又有趣的問題。…trendsemerge出現…的趨勢(L.7)Lastyear,anewtrendemerginginclothingindustryallovertheworldisthepopularityoftraditionalChinesecostume.去年全世界服裝行業出現了一種新趨勢，中國傳統的唐裝變得流行起來。

lifespan壽命(L.5)Thankstotheimprovedlivingstandardandadvancedmedicalcaresystem,men’slifespanbecomesincreasinglonger.由于生活水平的提高和先進的醫療保健制度，人們的壽命變得越來越長了。excessivesmokinganddrinking

酗煙/酒(L.12)Excessivesmokinganddrinkingisoneofthefactorswhichcontributestofamilyviolenceandfurtherleadstodivorce.酗煙/酒是家庭暴力產生的原因之一，也是進一步造成離婚的原因之一。Oneoutofeveryfivepeople…

(+單數謂語)每…人中一個…(L.15)

Accordingtoaninterestingon-linesurvey,oneoutofevery5girlsinbigcitieshasdyedtheirhair.根據一個有趣的網上調查，在大城市中每5個女性中就有一個染過頭發。trade…for…(L.40)互相交換,互相對換Onmypart,Iwillnevertradehonestyformoney.對我來說，我決不會為了錢而出賣誠信。keep…undercontrol…(L.53)&

havecontrolover…(L.55)控制…Livinginanagriculturalcountry,Chinesepeoplehadmadeunremittingeffortstobringwaterundercontrolthroughouthistory.Nowtheeffortispaid.生活在農業國家的中國人在歷史中一直不斷地為了治水作出了巨大的努力。現在這種努力有了收獲。…behometo…(L.60)棲息地,生長地;發源地It’suniversallyacknowledgedthatHuangheRiveristhehometoChinesepeople.舉世公認黃河是中華民族的發源地。Difficultsentenceparaphrase(1)原句：OneoutofeveryfivepeopleonEarthisChinese,yetChina’sgrowthratehasslowed.(L15-16)改寫：ThereisoneChineseineachfivepeopleonEarth,whereasChinahassloweddownitsbirthrate.講解：這句話的主語是one，而不是fivepeople，因此，謂語動詞用的是單數is。在表示比例的…outof…結構中，謂語動詞的數應與outof之前的詞的數一致。。Difficultsentenceparaphrase(2)原句：Producingakilogramoffishutilizeslessthan2kilogramsoffeed,butittakes2.2kilogramsoffeedtoproduce1kilogramofchicken.(L24-25)改寫：Youcanuselessthan2kilogramsoffeedtoget1kilogramoffish,whilefor1kilogramofchicken,youhavetouse2.2kilogramsoffeed.

講解：本句的主語是producingakilogramoffish動名詞短語。當動名詞，動詞不定式，從句作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數的形式。but后的句子的形式主語是it，真正的主語是動詞不定式短語toproduce1kilogramofchicken。Difficultsentenceparaphrase(3)原句：Manyofthesetreesareinourrainforestswherethickareasofplantsandtrees,homeformanybirdsandanimals,aredisappearing.(L59-61)改寫：Manyrainforeststreesarecutdown,thereforemanybirdsandanimalsaredisappearingbecauseoflosingtheirhomes.講解：where引導的定語從句修飾先行詞forest。homeformanybirdsandanimals是thickareasofplantsandtrees的同位語。Difficultsentenceparaphrase(4)原句：Maywefindnewwaystoaccomplishthetask.(L65)改寫：Wehopeverymuchthat