1、托福語法之虛擬語氣什么是虛虛擬語氣氣？虛擬語氣氣就是表表示說話話人的愿愿望，假假設，猜猜測或建建議，而而不表示示客觀存存在的事事實。1.虛擬擬語氣用用于條件件狀語從從句 條件狀語從句主句現在動詞過去式（be用were)would(should/could/might)+動詞原形過去had+動詞過去分詞would(should/could/might)+have done將來動詞過去式were to +動詞原形should+動詞原形would(should/could/might)+動詞原形表現在Ifhewere free, he would helpus.Ifhestudied at this

2、school,hewouldknow youwell.TheSmiths _(have) alovely gardenifthey didsome workinit.IfI learnttoswim,I_(feel) safer in thewater.Peter_ (be)a richman today if he hadbeen morecarefulinthepast.Iftheplanecrashed,we_(kill)練習IfI _(be) you,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifhe_(have),hewouldattend themeeting.Mr.Brown_(b

3、uy)ahouseifhehad enoughmoney.表過去Ifyou_(come)yesterday, you_(meet)him.Ifthechildhadnt beensotired,he_(not fall) asleepsoquickly.It_(be) agoodmatchifithadntrained.IfMother_(know)youwerecoming,shedhavebakedsome cakes.表將來IfheshouldgotoQingHuaUniversity,hewouldmake fulluse of histime.Ifhewere to comehere

4、,hewouldtellusaboutit.練習Ifyou_(come)tommorow,wewouldhave themeeting.Ifit_(rain) tomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.IfI weretodothiswork,I_(do) it in my ownway.if的省省略當從句中中有were,had should,would,可放句句首，省省略if,用倒倒裝形式式Shouldheagreetogothere, we would sendhim there.Were shehere,shewouldagreewithus.Hadshe mor

5、emoney, shewoulddressfashionably.Were Iinschool again,I would workharder.Hadshe listened morecarefully,shewouldnthave madesomanymistakes.2.一些些特殊的的虛擬條條件句錯綜時間間條件句句（從句句主句時時間不一一致）Ifyouhad taken themedicine,youwouldfeelbetternow.Ifhewere leaving,you would haveheardaboutit.練習Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he _(be)s

6、cientistnow.一些特殊殊的虛擬擬條件句句虛擬條件件句中可可含有陳陳述語氣氣的從句句Ifitwere notforthatfact thatyou areill, Iwouldask youtodothis right now.IfI hadknownthat he as notathome,I would nothave calledonhim.一些特殊殊的虛擬擬條件句句含蓄條件件句有時，虛虛擬由without，with,under,引導導的介詞詞短語Without air,therewouldbenoliving things.Without yourhelp,Iwouldntha

7、ve succeeded.分詞短語語This samething,happening in wartime, would amounttodiaster.Born in bettertimes,hewouldhave beenascholar.不定式短短語Tohear himspeakEnglish,onewouldtakehimfor aforeigner.連詞but,butthat（若若不是）,or 或otherwise.主句（虛虛擬）+but/butthat +從從句（陳陳述）主句（陳陳述）+or/otherwise+從句句（虛擬擬）Itwouldbea mistakenot to he

8、lphim,butI reallydontknow theanswer.Hewouldhave given youmore help,but he wassobusy.Sheeatstoomucheveryday,orshe would be thinner.Heisnotacareful driver;otherwisehewouldnthavehadthataccident.練習Butfor John, we _ (lose)thematchlast week.Butfor yourhelp,I _(find)the place.有時，虛虛擬條件件句中，主、從從句可以以省略其其中的一一個，

9、來來表示說說話人的的一種強強烈的感感情。省略從從句Hewouldhave finished it.他他本該完完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你你應該會會通過這這次考試試了。省略主主句IfI wereathomenow. 要是是我現在在在家里里該多好好啊。Ifonly Ihad gotit.要要是我我得到它它了該多多好啊。3.虛擬擬語氣在在某些從從句中的的運用1.賓語語從句。常見動動詞：一個堅持持：insist兩個命令令：order,command四個建議議：advise,suggest,propose，recommend五個要求求：urgedemandrequir

10、erequestdesire這些動詞詞后面的的賓語從從句要使使用虛擬擬語氣用用法。即即從句中中的動詞詞使用should+動動詞原形形，或者者將should省略略。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)have ameeting.Thedoctor orderedthatshe(should)stayinbedfor afew days.Hedemandedthat we(should)startrightaway.Weinsistedthat she(should)gowith us.練習MyunclesuggestedthatI _(get)a jobina bank.They

11、insisted thatameeting _(be held)assoonaspossbile.2.以上上動詞相相應的名名詞構成成的名詞詞性從句句（包括括主語從從句，表表語從句句和同位位語從句句）也要要使用虛虛擬語氣氣。從句句中的動動詞形式式一樣。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand, request, desire,requirement,idea,wish,etc.Myidea is thathe(should)doexercises first.Ourdecisionisthatthewe(should)gotoBeijingforsights

12、eeing.Therehave beendemandsthat theybegivenmorefree time.3.主語語從句中中有表示示驚奇，不相信信，惋惜惜，理應應如此還還有以上上虛擬語語氣詞的的衍生詞詞都用虛虛擬。Itisnecessary,importantthatwe(should)+動詞原原形natuarl,desirableadvisable,starngeurgent, preferableItasnowonderthatwe(should)+動動詞原形形a shamea pityItisdesired ,suggestedthatwe(should)+動動詞原形形decid

13、ed,proposedrequested,orderedrecommended練習itisessentialthatevertchild_（have) thesame educational opportunities.Its necessarythat astudent_(learn)Englishwell.4.Its(high) time后后的從從句的虛虛擬Its (high)time we left(shouldleave).Itisabouttime yourbabycouldwalk.5.定語語從句的的虛擬Anybodywhoshould do thatwouldbelaugheda

14、t.=Ifanybodyshoulddothat,hewouldbelaughedat.A manwhostoppedworking would amounttonothing.=Ifamanstoopedworking,he would amounttonothing.6.wish/ifonly的虛虛擬wish/if only之之后的賓賓語從句句，表示示一種沒沒有實現現或根本本不可能能實現的的愿望，常用虛虛擬語氣氣。發生時間動詞形式現在過去式（be用were)過去用過完，或could have done.現在或將來would/could/might+動詞原形1）表現現在I wishitwer

15、espringall theyear round.I wishyou werehere.I wishIhadmroefree time.Ifonly Iwerea bird.2）過去去I wishIhadtakenyouradviceIfonly Ihad taken hisadvice.I wishIcouldhave gonetothe movie withyou yesterday.I wishyourfathercouldhavebeen there to seeitall.3)現在在或將來來I wishyou would agree withme.Ifonly therain wou

16、ld stop.I wishIcoulddance練習I wishshe _(come)toseemyparentsmore often.(將將來）Sheoftenwishes thatshe _(can ride)ahorse.(過去）I wishthe train _(arrive)already;thenIcouldhave gothome beforebreakfast.（過去去）7.在even if,even though所所引導的的讓步狀狀語從句句中，可可用虛擬擬語氣，主句、從句的的結構與與if所所引導的的條件從從句結構構相同。Itlooksasifitmightrain.現在在Hetalkstomeasthought Iwerea child.現在在HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglish in England.過去8.原原因狀狀語從句句中的虛虛擬語氣氣amazed, angry,annoyed,astonished,disappointed, frightened, happy,pleased,proud,sorry, surprised,upset等等后面的的狀語從從句中常常用虛擬擬語氣。其虛擬擬語