1、Module 5 & 6GrammarNowadays many people are not happy ! Why?Because they base their life on “ifs”.If I had a million dollars,Subjunctive MoodSubjunctive Mood虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反， 常常表示一種假設(shè)情況(愿望，建議，假設(shè))。1 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè), if條件狀語從句謂語用“一般過去式 (be 一般用were)”, 而主句謂語動詞由“would/should/ c

2、ould/might + 動詞原形”構(gòu)成。即：If 主語 , 主語 +V原 虛擬語氣常常用在條件狀語從句was/were/V-edshould (wouldcould, might)What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery, I wouldIf I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.2. 與過去的事實相反從句的謂語用had過去分詞,

3、構(gòu)成If I (we, you, he, they)had過去分詞的形式；主句的謂語用should/would/could/might have 動詞過去分詞。即： If 主語 , 主語 +have V-edhad been /V-edshould (wouldcould, might) If I had learnt how to swim,I _ trapped onthat island.would not have been a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (ge

4、t) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caught Fill in the blanks.3. 與將來事實相反if從句謂語用：動詞過去式 /were to do / should do 的任一形式形式, 主句謂語用：should/would/could/might 動詞原形。即：If 主語 , 主語 +V原shouldwere to或動詞過去式should (wouldcould, might)If he _ up early, he would be on

5、 time.got假如他來了, 我們對他說什么呢？If he were to come, what should we say to him?假如他看見我, 就會認出我。If he should see me, he would know me.我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了虛擬語氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用，同學(xué)們都掌握了么？現(xiàn)在就用表格的形式復(fù)習(xí)一下吧！“if”條件從句中用于虛擬語氣的三種情況 主句謂語形式從句謂語形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實相反 如條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞時間不一致，叫做錯綜條件虛擬語氣或混合條件句。主句和從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)各自對應(yīng)的時間而定。If you

6、had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.翻譯： 如果你昨晚沒有看電影看到那么晚的話，你現(xiàn)在就不會那么困了。 If you hadnt seen that film late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. wish/if only 現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：did (were)had donewould /coulddo 1) I wish I were a bird.（現(xiàn)在）2) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（過去）3) We

7、 wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （將來） 翻譯：1. 要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。 2. 要是我沒錯過火車就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!2. would rather (that)現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：1.I would rather you paid me now.2. I would rather you had gone, too.3.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow

8、.diddidhad done3. Its (about/high) time + that should dodid你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 4. 表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。1) 賓語從句。常見動詞： 一個堅持，兩個 命令，三個建議，四個要求。即1. insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest,

9、propose4. demand, require, request, desire這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞使用should + 動詞原形，或者將should省略。I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建議” 或“堅持要某人做某事時”，即它們用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“堅持認為/說時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。 The guard at gate insisted tha

10、t everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.obeywasbe senthavewas以上動詞的其它形式如名詞order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, d

11、esire等構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣。eg,1. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.2. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.5. Its necessary / strange / natural / important + that-Clause 從句中的動 詞要用虛擬，即（should）+ 動詞原形1.It is important that we (s

12、hould) master a foreign language.2.Its necessary that we should study hard.6. 含蓄條件句：句中有otherwise,或or 引導(dǎo)的并列句 或介詞短語with, without ， but for（？）等時，主句謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣 。 Without air , there would be no living things. b. But for your help , I couldnt have done it.(If there were no air)(If it hadnt been for your h

13、elp)I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) 7. In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though etc, we can use unreal conditionals.Even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 即使生了病，他也去辦公室。 H

14、e treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那樣對待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.她談?wù)撃遣坑捌秃孟袼_實看過一樣。8. 某些簡單句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!9. 條件狀語從句的倒裝：當從句中含有had, should或were時，可將它們提到從句句首，但須省略if。 If you shou

15、ld be a college student,=If you=If you =Should you be a college student,= 1. If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock. What a pity! Tina _ here to see you. (2005 湖南) A. is B. was C. would be D. has been實戰(zhàn)高考2. Every evening after dinner, if not _ from work, I will spend

16、some time walking my dog. (2009 湖南) A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 3. If he _ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. (2010 湖南) A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow4. John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him. (2010 天津

17、) A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told5. Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. (2011 北京) A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying6. It is time that the government _ measures to protect the rare birds and animals. A. takes B. took

18、 C. has taken D. taking 7. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant _ all diplomas from elementary school to university. A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have 單項選擇8. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came

19、C. would have come D. had come 9. If I had seen the movie, I _ you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 10. Its about time people _ notice of what women did during the war. A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take 11. Hes working hard for fear that he _ . A.

20、 should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fall behind 12. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _ psychologically ready for the new idea. A. is B. were C. be D. would be 13. _ cease advertising, prices would be significantl

21、y reduced. A. Were they to B. Could they C. If they D. Would they14. Five minutes earlier, and we _ the last bus. A. had caughtB. should have caught C. could have caught D. caught15. If only you _ him what I said! Everything would have been all right. A. didnt toldB. hadnt told C. would not tell D.

22、would have not told16. He must have had an accident, or he _ here then. A. would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could be17. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers _ before. A. had invented B. were invented C. should have been invented D. had been invented18. I wi

23、sh I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have sleptD. have slept19. You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _ on business first. A. would go B. will go C. went D. have gone20. If only the committee _ the regulations and

24、put them into effect as soon as possible. A. approve B. will approve C. can approveD. would approve21. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _ him. A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned C. would telephoneD. had telephoned22. It was essential that the application forms _ back be

25、fore the deadline. A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent23.What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he _ better. (2008 江西) A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done24. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently.

26、 (2009 江蘇) A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed25. But for their help, we _ the program in time. (2009 安徽) A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished26. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (2009 福建) A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 27. J