1、高中英語語法復習專題英語句子概論第1頁1. 句子成份主語:謂語:賓語:賓語補足語:表語:表示句子說是什么人或什么事,由名，代，數，不定式，動名詞，短語或句子充當位于句首。說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣由動詞或動詞詞組充當, 位于主語后。表示動作行為對象,通常位于及物動詞和介詞后面。 補充賓語成份,通常位于賓語后。由形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等充當。說明主語性質或特征,位于系動詞之后。以上成份稱為基本句子成份。完整句子普通最少包含2-4個基本成份。第2頁定語：修飾名詞或代詞詞、短語或從句稱為定語定語可由以下等成份表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a dev

2、eloping country; America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers in our school.His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.He is reading an article about how to learn Englis

3、h.Tom is a boy who likes music very much.（形容詞）（分詞）（名詞）（代詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（介詞短語）（從句）第3頁狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態特征句子成份，叫做狀語。通常有副詞，介詞短語和從句充當狀語種類以下：How about meeting again at six?Last night she didnt go to the dance party because ofthe rain.I shall go there if it doesnt rain.Mr Smith lives on the third fl

4、oor.（時間狀語）（原因狀語）（條件狀語）（地點狀語）第4頁She put the eggs into the basket with great care.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.She works very hard though she is old.I am taller than he is.方式狀語伴隨狀語目狀語結

5、果狀語讓步狀語比較狀語第5頁同位語: 對其前面名詞代詞做深入解釋. That is Mr. Chen, our English teacher. 插入語: 對一句話作一些附加解釋. To be honest, I dont quite agree with you.定語，狀語，同位語及插入語能夠稱為從屬句子成份。第6頁2.句子分類分類說明例句簡單句由一個主語或并列主語和一個謂語或并列謂語組成句子。即一套主謂關系。1. Tom and I found her there. 2. We all breathe, eat and work.并列句由并列連詞（and,so,but, or等）把兩個或兩

6、個以上簡單句連在一起而構成句子。1. He likes eggs, but he doesnt like chickens.2. Work hard or you will fall behind.復合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上從句組成句子1. I believe you are right.2. If you study harder, you will pass the exam.第7頁1）她喜歡集郵. 2）食物很精美,但他卻沒什么胃口. 3）我們抵達電影院時候,電影已經開演了.She is fond of collecting stamps.The food was good, but

7、 he had little appetite.The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 翻譯以下句子：第8頁 判斷以下句子是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room.4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morn

8、ing and come back home at seven in the evening.簡單句 復合句 簡單句 簡單句 第9頁5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important.9. The farmer is showing the boy how

9、to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句 復合句 并列句 復合句 簡單句 簡單句 第10頁3. 簡單句基本句型英語五種基本句型列式以下：基本句型一: + （主謂）基本句型二: + + （主系表）基本句型三: + + （主謂賓）基本句型四: + +O1 +2（主謂間賓直賓）基本句型五: + + +(主謂賓賓補)第11頁基本句型 一 + （主謂）1. Time 2. The sun 3. The man4. Everybodyflies. rises. cooked. laughed此句型中動詞是不及物動詞,能表示完

10、整意思。主語可有修飾語-定語，謂語可有修飾語-狀語，如，The red sun rises in the east.第12頁基本句型 二 + + （主系表）1. He 2. The dinner3. The weather is smellsbecame tall and strong. good. warmer. 此句型中謂語動詞都不能表示一個完整意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態表語組成復合謂語，才能表示完整意思。系動詞有三類：1.表示特征和存在狀態： be, seem, appear, feel ,look, smell, sound, taste2. 表狀態延續：remain, st

11、ay, keep, continue, stand3. 表狀態改變 ：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow第13頁 基本句型 三 + +（主謂賓）（及物動詞）(賓語) 1. Who 2. She 3. I 4. I5. Iknows laugh at want dont knowenjoythe answer? her. to have a cup of tea.what to do.living here.此句型中謂語動詞是及物動詞，必須跟一個賓語，才能使意思完整，而賓語成份多樣化使這一結構異常復雜。第14頁 基本句型 四 + +IO +（

12、主謂間賓直賓）（及物）（多指人）（多指物）1. I 2. Heshowedboughthimme my pictures. a beautiful skirt.此句型中謂語動詞必須有兩個賓語才能表示完整意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作直接承受者（多指物），另一個是動作間接賓語（多指人）。若要先說出直接賓語，后說間接賓語，則要借助與介詞to 或for。He bought me a beautiful skirt.He bought a beautiful skirt for me.第15頁用to側重指動作方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。用for 側重指動作受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語動詞有

13、：（需借助 to）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等（需借助for）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing等。第16頁 基本句型 五 + + +（主謂賓賓補）（及物）（賓語）（賓補）1. We 2. They 3. We 4. I keep call asked saw the table supper him them clean. dinner. to c

14、ome back soon. getting on the bus. 此句型中謂語動詞除了跟一個賓語外，還需跟一個補充成份來不足賓語，才能使意思完整。第17頁注意：用 it 做形式賓語，而將真正賓語放到賓語補足語后面，是英語慣用句型。即 主語 + 謂語 + it + 賓補 + 真正賓語。如，I found it very pleasant to be with your family.慣用于此句型動詞有:think, believe, consider, suppose, find, feel, make第18頁使用it當形式賓語翻譯下面句子1.他感到極難跟你交談。 2.我認為有可能用另一個方

15、法解題。 3.學校定了一條規則，開始上課時學生要起立。 4. 我認為與那個人談話是無益。 1.He felt it very difficult to talk with you. 2.I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 3.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 4.I thought it no use talking with that man第19頁You are sitting

16、on the train home.There comes the bus !The egos potential for expansion is limitless.Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships.Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.We think it our duty to study well.主+謂（S+V）主+謂（S+V）主+系 +表（S+V+P）主+謂 +賓（SVO）主+謂 +間賓 +直賓（SVOiOd）主+謂 +賓 +補（S

17、VOC）判斷以下句子屬于何種句式Exercises :第20頁更正以下句子錯誤Exercises :1. He came the room. 2. The music sounds. 3. I have seen. 4. He gave a pen me. 5. The boss made the boy to work hard. 6. My father bought a book to me. 1. He came into the room. 2. The music sounds wonderful. 3. I have seen the film.4. He gave a pen to me. 5. The boss made the boy work hard. 6. My father bought a book for me . 第21頁Exercises : 翻譯以下句子并分析句子結構：1.我經常在早晨讀英語。 2.瑪麗是個聰明學生。3.我老師交給我一封信。4.我母親經常叫我努力學習。5.我們叫我們老師王先生 6.他正在房里做家庭作業。1. I often read English in the morning. 2. Mary is a clever student. 3. My te