1、Advances in treating acute myeloid leukemiaMargaret M. Showel and Mark Levis*文章大意abstract摘 要1 insights into the pathogenesis of AML over the last several decades have led to the development of a relatively sophisticated classification scheme that allows more nuanced risk stratification to guide trea

2、tment choices過去幾十年對AML的發病機制的認識逐漸加深，相對復雜的分類體系得以提出，差別細微風險分層是更精細的治療得以進行2improvements in stem cell transplantation have allowed many more patients to take advantage of this highly effective therapeutic technique.提高造血干細胞移植技術的發展使其能在更多地患者中實行Abbrevations精細分類Acute myeloid leukemia with intermediate-riskkaryo

3、typeFLT3/isocitrate dehydrogenaseNPM1Acute myeloid leukemia with favorable-riskkaryotypeC/EBPaAcute promyelocytic leukemiaCore-binding factor leukemiaAcute myeloid leukemia with unfavorable-risk karyotypeMyelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukemiaAbbrevations01020304AML，急性髓細胞性白血病;APL，急性早幼粒細胞白血病;ATRA，全反式維甲

4、酸，全反式維甲酸;CBF，核心結合因子;C / EBP，CCAAT - 增強子結合蛋白;DNMT3A，DNA甲基3A;GVHD，移植物抗宿主病;IDH，異檸檬酸脫氫酶;LSC，白血病干細胞;MDS，骨髓增生異常綜合征;MRD，微小殘留病;MUD，匹配的無關供者;OS，總生存期;PML，早幼粒細胞白血病;RAR融合基因，維甲酸受體;RIC，降低強度調節;SCT，干細胞移植。常見詞匯張林杰 20120106601組成；構成02展現；提出；闡述；證明03假想；假設04重要的VOCABULARY組成；構成Consisting ofCompriseIncludingcomposed ofContainI

5、nvolveEmbrace01組成；構成02展現；提出；闡述；證明03假想；假設04重要的VOCABULARY展現；提出；闡述；證明Manifest inDemonstratePropose Suggest PresentAddress01組成；構成02展現；提出；闡述；證明03假想；假設04重要的VOCABULARY假想；假設PositHypothesisAssumeSuppose01組成；構成02展現；提出；闡述；證明03假想；假設04重要的VOCABULARY重要的Be central toConsiderableSignificantVitalCrucial01目前02因為0304此外

6、；另外VOCABULARY目前At presentCurrentlyFor instantBy/So far01目前02因為0304此外；另外VOCABULARY由于；因為Owing toBecause ofSinceAs01目前02因為0304此外；另外VOCABULARYOriginallyGraduallySubsequentlyNot surprisinglyUltimately01目前02因為0304此外；另外VOCABULARY此外；另外Beyond thatIn additionFurthermoreEven soMoreoverOtherwise/likewise詞根與記憶楊懌

7、 201201001Vocabulary Learning-genesisLeukemo/genesisLeukemo-:leukemias variantPatho/genesisPatho-:disease, any disease ofVocabulary LearningMyelo-Myel/o/blast/ic Myel/o: bone marrowBlast/o: productive cell; embryonic cell-Ic: pertaining toMyel/o/dys/plasiaMyel/o: bone marrowdys-: abnormal-plasia: fo

8、rmation, molding, developmentVocabulary Learningant-,anti-anti/emeticanti-infectiousanti/microbialanti-leukemicant/agonistsVocabulary Learningpediatrics vs pediatricped/o: child-atrics: medical specialtyPediatrics: n.Pediatric: adj.Vocabulary Learningrelapsele-: again, backlapse: go back to bad beha

9、viore.g., at least half of these patients eventually relapse and ultimately die without SCT.BiologyPediatric disease accounts for only 6% to 7% of AML cases and has a biology somewhat distinct from that of adult disease.some superfluous wordsNucleophosmin.AnthracyclineHaploidenticalPhrase Learning王赫

10、男 201201010Medical Termsoverall survival (OS) antecedent myelodysplasia (MDS/AML) acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) Medical Termsdisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) core-binding factor (CBF) leukemias Semanticsophisticated classification scheme nuanced r

11、isk stratification consolidate remission into cure consolidation therapy Semanticacuity and severity of illness at diagnosis. a differentiation block a growth factor pathway mutation combined with a differentiation block led to AML AML results from a differentiation block of hematopoietic progenitor

12、 cells along with uncontrolled proliferation.Something about latinex vivoin vivoin vitroDe novo長難句部分張靖承 2012010661 The leukemia stem cell (LSC) theory posits that rare stem cells with self-renewal capacity give rise to partially differentiated progeny that comprise the bulk of the leukemia but posse

13、ss only limited proliferative potential and do not have the capacity to initiate or maintain disease白血病干細胞理論假設，只有少部分具有自我更新能力的干細胞才會增殖產生部分分化的后代，然而這些后代細胞雖造成了白血病的癥狀，但是由于它們保留的增殖潛能有限，所以沒有能力來觸發并維持疾病的癥狀。2Despite its limited clinical application thus far, this stem cell hypothesis provided a crucial framewor

14、k in which to incorporate a growing body of genomic data, beginning with the identification of recurrent chromosomal abnormalities associated with certain disease subtypes盡管這個猜想至今為止在臨床醫學的應用中還是有限的，這個干細胞猜想給我們搭起了一個很重要的框架，整合了越來越多的基因數據。這個基因數據庫從識別那些經常發生的染色體異常而導致的特定疾病亞型開始。3Considerable effort has been made

15、 to identify a clinically relevant population of“minimal residual disease” (MRD), which is leukemia identified at very low levels undetectable by standard methods currently used to define remission.我們在確定臨床相關的“最小殘余疾病”問題上已經做了非常大的努力，用那些以常規方法檢測無法檢測出的，殘余致病細胞量特別少的白血病例作為標準，來標定緩解的程度。感受先找動詞認準修飾的句子到底修飾的是哪個詞醫學

16、論文翻譯心得與技巧滕悅 20120100501020304提前閱讀中文文獻對該領域進行一定了解給專業單詞一個固定的翻譯善用翻譯軟件改換中英文的語序和邏輯基于理解的翻譯Click toadd titleClick toadd titleClick toadd titleClick toadd title1. 提前閱讀中文文獻對該領域進行一定了解百度百科文獻題目：Advances in treating acute myeloid leukemia中國知網、維基百科、google學術1. 提前閱讀中文文獻對該領域進行一定了解對可能遇到的癥狀、并發癥、研究手段、治療方法等有一定的了解明確專有名詞的翻

17、譯方法了解哪些詞不需要翻譯OS：Overall survival5年OS2. 給專業單詞一個固定的翻譯Acute myeloid leukemia（AML）：急性髓細胞性白血病急性髓細胞白血病急性髓性白血病Prognosis:3. 善用翻譯軟件單詞：金山、有道、歐路、靈格斯翻譯：百度、谷歌Google翻譯完你看不懂，然而你翻譯完別人也看不懂4. 改換中英文的語序和邏輯基于理解的翻譯Although pediatric AML occasionally presents in tandem with inherited syndromes that manifest in childhood,

18、children overall have fewer comorbidities and tolerate intensive therapy better than adults. Owing to these distinctions, this article will focus on AML in adults.In large part, though, the steady gains in long-term survival in AML have come from advances in SCT methods and also from a better understanding of which patients benefit from intensive SCT, which derived from greater insight into the pathogenesis of