1、2021/8/11 星期三1Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank NoteLearning about Language2021/8/11 星期三2并列句 (compound sentence)復合句 (complex sentence)簡單句 (simple sentence)英語句子的種類2021/8/11 星期三3簡單句的五種基本句型1. The weather is very cold.主語+謂語（系動詞）+表語2. He laughed.主語+謂語（vi.）3. I like Chinese food.主語+謂語(vt.)+賓語2021/8/11 星期三44.

2、She taught them physics.主語+謂語(vt.)+間接賓語+直接賓語5. We must keep the room warm. 主語+謂語(vt.) +賓語+賓語補足語2021/8/11 星期三5并列句 把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞連接起來。 I turned on the TV. My sister and I watched it. I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. I bought my sister

3、a present, but she didnt like it. 并列句并列句2021/8/11 星期三6平行并列連詞： 轉折并列連詞：因果并列連詞： 選擇并列連詞：and, bothand, not only but also, neithernorbut, however, while, yet or,eitherorfor, so常用并列連詞2021/8/11 星期三7復合句:主句+從句名詞性從句定語從句狀語從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句2021/8/11 星期三8Noun Clauses 名詞性從句2021/8/11 星期三9名詞性從句在功能上相當于名詞, 在復合句中能擔任主

4、語、賓語、表語、同位語等。主語 His job is important.What he does is important.表語This is his job.This is what he does every day. 2021/8/11 星期三10賓語I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位語I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.2021/8/11 星期三11賓語從句表語從句賓語從句

5、主語從句同位語從句Practice time：指出下列各名詞性從句的種類。1. She wondered if the buses would still be running.2. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.3. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.4. When we will start is not clear.5. I had no idea that you were her f

6、riend.2021/8/11 星期三12Object Clauses賓語從句2021/8/11 星期三13 I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主語謂語賓語（簡單句）主語謂語賓 語 從 句連詞從句主語 從句謂語 主 句（復合句）句子作賓語就是賓語從句，跟在及物動詞或介詞后。句子結構：主句 +連詞（引導詞）+ 賓語從句 2021/8/11 星期三14 引導詞 that句子類型 陳述句if/whether (是否)一般疑問句特殊疑問詞特殊疑問句賓語從句的注意事項2021/8/11 星期三15一、連詞（引導詞） 1. 當賓語從句是陳述句時（包括肯定句和否定句），連

7、詞由that引導，因為that在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略。2021/8/11 星期三16 Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.2021/8/11 星期三17賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：（1）當that 從句與另一名

8、詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個that不能省；（2）當that從句作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉；（3）用it作形式賓語的賓語從句中that 不能省掉；Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.2021/8/11 星期三18在主句為動詞be加某些形容詞（如sorry, sure, afraid, gla

9、d等）作表語時，后面所跟的省略that的從句也可算是賓語從句。Im sorry (that) I dont know.Were sure (that) our team will win.Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam.2021/8/11 星期三192. 當賓語從句是一般疑問句時，由連詞whether或if引導， “是否”，不能省略。Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag.Lets see if /whether we can find out some infor

10、mation about that city.She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books.2021/8/11 星期三20whether和if都可以引導賓語從句 a.當有or not時就用whether,不用if。I dont know whether or not I will stay.b.介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if。 I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.注意 whether和if的使用區別:2021/8/11 星期三21Choose “if / whether”1. I aske

11、d her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ I should go.if / whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if_ to go.whether2021/8/11 星期三223. 當賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，由疑問詞（what, who, whom, which, whose, when, where, how,

12、why等）引導，因為疑問詞在從句中擔任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所以不可以省略。Do you know what he said just now?I dont remember when we arrived.I asked him where I could get so much money.Please tell me who/whom we have to see.Do you know what time the plane leaves?2021/8/11 星期三23二、時態1. 如果主句是現在的時態 （包括一般現在時 ，現在進行時，現在完成時），從句的時態可根據實際情況而

13、定，（包括一般現在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現在完成時等）。I know he lives here.I know he lived here ten years ago. I have heard that he will come tomorrow.2021/8/11 星期三242.如果主句是過去的時態（包括一般過去時，過去進行時），那么從句的時態一定要用相對應的過去的某種時態（包括一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時， 過去完成時）I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether

14、his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .2021/8/11 星期三253.當從句是客觀真理、定義、公理、定理等時用一般現在時。The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.2021/8/11 星期三26三、語序賓語從句的語序用陳述語序：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。I dont know what is the matter/the trouble/wrong with him.2021/8/11 星期三27Combine the two

15、sentences with the proper conjunction.1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library .His brother asks when will he go to the library . 2. What does he want to buy ?I dont know what he wants to buy .I dont know what does he want to buy .【即學即練】2021/8/11 星期三281.The

16、young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2.We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or no

17、t ?A. if B. where C. whether D. thatDABC【達標訓練】2021/8/11 星期三295. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he lik

18、e7. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you liveCBD2021/8/11 星期三308. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. He says that if it _ tomorrow, he _ fishing . A. will rain ;

19、wont go B. rained ; wasnt go C. rains ； wont go D. rain ; will go CD2021/8/11 星期三31Predicative Clauses 表語從句2021/8/11 星期三32表語從句是在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句, 放在系動詞之后,一般結構是“主語+系動詞+表語從句”。可以接表語從句的系動詞有be, look, remain, seem。2021/8/11 星期三33連接詞：that / whether /as if /as though （ if 不引導表語從句) who / whom / whose / which /

20、what when / where / why / how / becauseE.g.The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.2021/8/11 星期三34注 意：在表語從句中，表“是否” 時，只能用 “whether”不能用“if”。一般情況下，“that”不能省。 It is /was because . It is /was w

21、hy. 4. The reason (why/for)is /was that.5. The reason is because /whythat .2021/8/11 星期三351. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C.

22、 which D. where 【即學即練】BCD2021/8/11 星期三36Subject Clauses 主語從句2021/8/11 星期三371) That he will succeed is certain .2) Whether he will go there is not known .3) What he said is not true .4) Where he hid the money is to be found out .5) Whoever comes is welcome.6) Its certain that he will succeed .7) How

23、we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8) When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.主語從句：從句在句中充當主語成分。2021/8/11 星期三38一、由 that 引導that 無意義, 后接一個完整的句子, that 不可省。1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _ is known to us all. (地球是圓的)3. _ is a pity. (你錯過了這次機會)That the earth is r

24、oundThat you missed the chance二、 “whether” “if” 不能引導主語從句三、 疑問詞引導詞2021/8/11 星期三39 注意一:主語從句后置為了避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語。That we shall be late is certain. Its certain that we shall be late.1. That the earth is round is known to us all. 由連詞 whether, 連接代詞 what, who, which和連接副詞 when,where,w

25、hy,how 等引導,也常常后置。 Its known to us all that the earth is round.2021/8/11 星期三40It 的用法： （形式主語） Its possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Its said/ reported that.據說/據報道Its been announced/declared that已經通知/宣布It seems/appears/happens. that顯然/碰巧2021/8/11 星期三41注意三：what 與 that 引導主語從句 注意二 ：主

26、語從句中 ，謂語動詞一般用單數what引導的主語從句，可根據表語決定。What he needs is that book.What he needs are some books. what引導名詞性從句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語、賓語、表語,而that則不然,它在句子中只起連接作用。例如：(1) What you said yesterday is right.(2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.2021/8/11 星期三423. _ is known to us all is that America is a developed coun

27、try_the First World.A.Which; belong to B. As; belonged to C. What; belonging to D. It; belonging to_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 【即學即練】BCA2021/8/11 星期三43同位語從句

28、 1. 跟在某些名詞后面，對該名詞作進一步解釋說明。常用名詞有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion等。2. 常用連詞：that, when, where, why, how2021/8/11 星期三44E.g. 1)消息傳來，拿破侖要來視察他的軍隊。2) 問題是他如何做這件事。Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army. Its the question how he did it.注意：1) 同位語

29、從句多用that 引導，無意義但不可省略。2) 在have no idea之后常用 wh-引導同位語從句。I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.2021/8/11 星期三452.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit i

30、n China._1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot._The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._【典題例證】2021/8/11 星期三464.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.3.

31、Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view._Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._2021/8/11 星期三47比較：1. We expressed the hope that they ha

32、d expected.我們表達了他們曾經表達過的那種希望。2. We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.我們希望他們再來中國訪問。定語從句同位語從句2021/8/11 星期三48區別that引導的同位語從句和定語從句：引導同位語的連詞that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定語從句中，that可以充當從句的主語或賓語等。同位語從句是對前面名詞的內容的具體說明，而定語從句是對前面的名詞進行修飾，解釋為“的”。連詞that在同位語從句中不可省略,而在定語從句中當它充當賓語時可以省略。2021/8/11 星期三49P

33、ractice: 判斷下列各句是同位語從句還是定語從句1. They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.2. The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 4. I cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly. 同位語從句定語從句同位語從句同位語從句2021/8/11 星期三50BA1._made the school proud was _ more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A. What; because B. What ; that C. That ; what D. That;because2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her les