1、2021屆高考英語二輪復習備考專項沖刺專題17閱讀理解二含解析2021屆高考英語二輪復習備考專項沖刺專題17閱讀理解二含解析2021屆高考英語二輪復習備考專項沖刺專題17閱讀理解二含解析專題17 【閱讀理解】解題指導觸類旁通尋方法，求策略，掌握“套路二做出推理和判斷-推理判斷題 閱讀理解【推理判斷題】滿分攻略命題規律考查內容閱讀材料中沒有直接表達出來的內容，需要根據文章已有考查內容的信息，通過邏輯關系進行推敲。正確選項特點原文同義替代。段落主題或句群的論點.由構成對比的一方推斷出另一方。干擾項特點似是而非 A.對文章信息的簡單陳述，而不是推出的結論。B。推理一部分正確，一部分錯誤。夸大事實 推

2、理過度，常出現only,all,always等絕對化的詞匯。答題技巧點撥細節推斷題答 題 技 巧題干設置常含有infer,conclude，indicate，suggest.根據題干或選項定位原文，常用一些形容詞、副詞和不定式意義的動詞來表達，如possible，impossible，seem， strange等。利用逆向思維進行推斷：原文和選項正反兩種說法一致。綜合文段信息進行推斷：在理解文章或者段落大意的基礎上進行推斷。觀點態度題答 題 技 巧題干設置常含有attitude，opinion，think about等標志詞。正確理解文意，切勿用自己的觀點來代替作者的觀點。留意描寫環境、氣氛的

3、語言及表達感情、態度或觀點的詞語。表達態度常 用 詞 語表達積極態度：approving（贊同的）optimistic(樂觀的）supportive(支持的）positive(積極的)concerned（關心的）favorable（贊同的）表示消極態度：critical（批評的)doubtful（懷疑的） negative(否定的) pessimistic（悲觀的) worried(擔憂的) uninterested(不感興趣的）表示中立態度：objective (客觀的)subjective(主觀的） neutral(中立的） indifferent(漠不關心的)4。 寫作意圖題答 題 技

4、巧題干設置常出現purpose，in order to，why，want to tell us等標志詞在理解文章大意的基礎上，根據文體特點、作者闡述問題的方法和文章語氣進行推斷。文章來源&讀者對象題答 題 技 巧題干設置通常有find,where,who，intend等標志詞。具備報紙、雜志、網絡、科普知識、小說、廣告、旅游指南、操作指南等常識.產品說明和藥品說明類 出現click、website的是網絡。出現名人、娛樂方面的是雜志 出現科普知識的是科技報告。出現教育內容的是教育板塊. 出現日期、地點和通訊社的一般是報紙。內容預測題答 題 技 巧題干設置常出現will happen,conti

5、nue to write,follow等詞把握作者寫作思路，理清文章時間發展過程、因果關系、對比關系等、尤其要重視文章最后一段內容和文末的幾句話.考點突破針對提能明考點，攻重難，有效提升熟記高頻詞 突破閱讀理解詞匯障礙高考英語考前必背570個高頻詞第 七 組第 八 組181. subsequent adj. 隨后的；后來的182. virtue n. 美德；優點183. virtual adj. 事實上的；虛擬的184. orient n. 東方 vt.使適應185. portion n。 一部分186. target n。 目標；靶子 vt. 瞄準187。 portable adj。 手提式

6、的188。 decline v。 拒絕；謝絕；下降189. illusion n。 錯覺190。 likelihood n。 可能;可能性191。 stripe n。 條紋192. emphasize vt。 強調；著重193。 emotion n。 情感；感情194。 emotional adj。 感情的；情緒（上）的195。 awful adj. 極壞的;威嚴的；可怕的196. awkward adj。 笨拙的;棘手的197. clue n。 線索；提示198。 collision n。 碰撞;沖突199. device n。 裝置；設備200。 devise vt. 發明；策劃；想出20

7、1。 software n. 軟件202。 lunar adj. 月亮的；月球的;陰歷的203. submerge vi。 潛入水中204. tissue n。 組織；薄紗；手巾紙205. motivate vt. 激勵；激發206. motive n。 動機；目的207. generate vt. 產生（光、熱、電等) 208。 lest conj. 唯恐；免得209. liable adj。 可能的； （to)易于。.。的210。 liberal adj.自由主義的;自由的;慷慨的211。 inevitable adj. 不可避免的212. naval adj。 海軍的213. navig

8、ation n. 航行214. necessity n。 必需品；必要性215. previous adj。 早先的；以前的216。 provision n.規定；條款;供應品217。 pursue vt. 追逐;追求;從事，進行218。 stale adj。 不新鮮的；陳腐的219. substitute n. 代用品 vt。 代替220。 deserve vt。 應受；應得；值得221。 discrimination n。 歧視；辨別力222. professional adj。 職業的；專門的223. nevertheless adv。 仍然；然而；不過224。 neutral adj.

9、 中立的；中性的225。 spot n. 地點；斑點 vt. 認出；發現226. secure adj。 安全的；可靠的227. security n. 安全；保障228。 scratch v./n。 抓；搔；扒229。 talent n。 才能；天資；人才230。 insurance n. 保險；保險費231. insure vt。 給。保險；保證；確保232. spray v。 噴；（使）濺散233。 medium adj。 中等的 n。 新聞媒介234. media n. 新聞傳媒235. auxiliary adj. 輔助的;備用的236. automatic adj. 自動的237。

10、 compete vi. 競爭；比賽238. competent adj. 有能力的；能勝任的239。 smash vt. 粉碎；打爛240. distribute vt。 分發第 九 組第 十 組241。 disturb vt。 打攪；妨礙242。 infer v. 推論；推斷243。 integrate v.（使）成為一體;(使）合并244。 moist adj. 潮濕245. moisture n。 潮濕246。 promote vt。 促進；提升247。 region n. 地區;范圍;幅度248。 register v。/n。登記;注冊249。 stable adj. 穩定的250。

11、 sophisticated adj.老練的；復雜的251。 splendid adj. 極好的；壯麗的;輝煌的252. cancel vt。 取消；廢除253. variable adj. 易變的；可變的254。 prospect n. 前景；前途；景象255。 prosperity n.興旺；繁榮256. aspect n。 方面;朝向;面貌257。 cope vi. (with）（成功地）應付；處理258. core n. 果心;核心259。 maintain vt. 維持；保持；堅持；主張260. mainland n. 大陸261. discipline n。 紀律；懲罰；學科262

12、. domestic adj。本國的；國內的;家用的263。 constant adj。 不變的 n。 常數264。 cliff n. 懸崖；峭壁265. authority n。 權威;當局266。 audio adj. 聽覺267. attitude n. 態度268。 community n。 社區;社會269. commit vt.犯（錯誤、罪行）；干（壞事)270。 comment n。/vt。 評論271。 distinguish vt. 區分；辨別272. distress n. 痛苦；悲傷 vt。 使痛苦273。 facility n。 pl. 設備；設施;便利274. fac

13、ulty n。能力;系；全體教員275。 mixture n. 混合;混合物276。 mood n. 心情；情緒;語氣277。 moral adj. 道德上的；有道德的278. prominent adj. 突出的279。 substance n. 物質；實質280。 substantial adj. 牢固的；實質的281。 prompt vt。 促使 adj。 敏捷的;及時的282. passport n。 護照283。 waist n. 腰,腰部284。 weld v。/n。 焊接285。 yawn vi。 打哈欠286。 yield vi. （to)屈服于；讓出 n. 產量287. zo

14、ne n. 地區；區域288。 strategy n。 戰略；策略289. strategic adj. 戰略（上）的；關鍵的290。 tense adj。 緊張的 v。 拉緊 n. 時態291. tension n. 緊張（狀態）;張力292。 avenue n。 林蔭道;大街293. available adj。 現成可用的；可得到的294。 comparable adj。 （with，to）可比較的第 十 一 組第 十 二 組295. comparative adj。 比較的；相對的296。 dash vi. 猛沖；飛奔297. data n。 數據;資料298. dive vi。 跳水

15、；潛水299. diverse adj。 不同的;多種多樣的300。 entitle vt. 給.。.權利；給。資格301。 regulate vt. 管理；調節302. release vt./n。 釋放；排放;解釋解脫303。 exaggerate v. 夸大；夸張304。 evil adj。 邪惡的；壞的305. shrink vi。 起皺；收縮；退縮306. subtract v。 減（去)307. suburb n。 市郊308。 subway n. 地鐵309。 survey n./vt. 調查；勘測310。 wealthy adj。 富裕的311. adjust v。 調整;調節

16、312. attach vt. 系，貼;使附屬313. profit n. 利潤；益處；v。 有益于314。 profitable adj。 有利可圖的315。 slope n。 斜坡;斜面316. reinforce vt. 增強；加強317. reject vt。 拒絕318。 fatal adj。 致命的；重大的319. fate n。 命運320. humble adj。 謙遜的；謙虛的321。 illegal adj。 不合法的；非法的322。 award vt. 授予;判給 n. 獎品;獎金323. aware adj。 意識到324. column n。 柱，圓柱；欄;專欄325

17、. comedy n。 喜劇326。 dumb adj. 啞的；沉默的327。 dump vt。 傾卸；傾倒328。 deaf adj. 聾的；不愿聽的329。 decorate vt。 裝飾；裝璜330。 principal adj。 最重要的 n。 校長331. vocabulary n。 詞匯（量)；詞匯表332。 venture n.風險投資v。冒險;取于333. version n。 版本;譯本；說法334. principle n。 原則；原理335。 prior adj。 優先的;在前的336. priority n。 優先；重點337。 prohibit vt. 禁止;不準33

18、8。 remarkable adj.值得注意的；非凡的339. remedy n./vt。 補救；醫治;治療340。 repetition n。 重復；反復341。 vain adj. 徒勞的；無效的342。 undertake vt。 承擔；著手做;同意343。 unique adj。 唯一的；獨特的344。 obstacle n. 障礙（物）；妨礙345。 odd adj. 奇特的；古怪的;奇數的346. omit vt. 省略347。 origin n. 起源；出身opponent n. 敵手；對手349. oval adj. 橢圓形的 n. 橢圓形350。 orchestra n。 管

19、弦樂隊2021年高考英語【閱讀理解】題型強化訓練二解析版跟蹤檢測遷移應用練模擬，練規范，夯基提能 Test 1Kettles Yard， CambridgeThis modern art gallery in a Victorian house was founded in the 1950s by Jim Ede and reopened in February， following a two。year redevelopment by Jamie Fobert Architects. This means a new cafe， a four.floor education wing a

20、nd improved gallery space that can accommodate more visitors。 The gallerys permanent collection includes works of Joan Mir， Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth。Being Brunel, BristolTo celebrate the life and work of famous civil engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Being Brunel opened in March on Bristols

21、harbourside。 The museum included a range of interactive and entertaining exhibits, including talking portraits of his friends and family and personal possessions， including an 1821 school report. It is a good place for families to strengthen connections.Royal Academy of Arts, LondonThe RA reopened o

22、n 19 May for its 250th anniversary， following a renovation（翻新) with a gallery and expanded exhibition programme. These will include three galleries， which will host exhibitions with a focus on contemporary art and architecture. The grand facade（正面） of the Burlington Gardens building has also been re

23、storedpossibly the first time its had a proper clean in its 150.year history.VA， DundeeOne of the most significant new openings of the year will be Scotlands first designed museumand also the first VA anywhere outside of Londonon 15 September. The museum building sits on the River Tay。 It will celeb

24、rate Scottish designs and objects in its collection。1What do we know about Being Brunel?AIt has a long school report。BIt includes three galleries.CIt is family。friendly。DIt possesses permanent collections。2The purpose of the RA reopening is_Ato expand the exhibitionBto mark its 250th anniversaryCto

25、display contemporary artDto present its 150。year history3What is the purpose of the passage?ATo attract more visitors to the UK。BTo compare different tourist attractions。CTo describe some famous museums and artists.DTo introduce openings of some famous art galleries and museums。【解題導語】本文介紹了四個藝術畫廊(博物館

26、)的特點、展出的內容等。1C解析：細節理解題.根據Being Brunel, Bristol中最后一句“It is a good place for families to strengthen connections。可知，Being Brunel是一個家庭友好型博物館。故選C.2B解析：細節理解題。根據Royal Academy of Arts， London部分中的“The RA reopened on 19 May for its 250th anniversary， following a renovation（翻新） with a gallery and expanded exhi

27、bition programme。可知，RA重新開放的目的是紀念其成立250周年。故選B.3D解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了一些著名的藝術博物館和畫廊的開幕。故選D。Test 2The Amazon basin region is home to about 2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants, and some 2，000 birds and mammals. To date, at least 40,000 plant species, 3,000 fish， 1，294 birds, 427 mamm

28、als， 428 amphibians， and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region。 One in five of all the birds in the world live in the Amazon rainforest.The warm and wet forest has been in existence for at least 55 million years, and thrived even during glacial periods, allowing for the evol

29、ution of an unbelievable diversity of species。 Radiocarbon dating (放射性碳定年法) has revealed trees of 10 centimeter in diameter to be more than 300 years old， and some trees over 1,000 years old, indicating that untouched forests can experience unbelievable longevity.The first human inhabitants are thou

30、ght to have settled in the Amazon region about 11,200 years ago。 European explorers arrived in the 16th century, bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves， killing perhaps as many as 90 of the indigenous inhabitants (土著居民). By the late 17th century the Amazon basin was co

31、ntrolled by Portuguese and Spanish explorers.The Amazon rainforests has been described as the lungs of our planet because of its important role in recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen. But due to deforestation（濫伐森林), rain-forests now cover less than 5 of the Earths land surface, and experts believe

32、that this is a big contributor to global climate change。 Severe deforestation began in the 20th century, with 587，000 square kilometers lost up to the year 2000。Most deforested land is used for grassland to raise farm animals and agriculture。 The addition of transport routes has led to increased set

33、tlement and deforestation， and at the present rate, scientists estimate that the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40 in two decades。1Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 1?ATo prove the forest untouched.BTo classify species scientifically。CTo show the diversity of species.DTo attract more

34、attention to the Amazon region。2Why did most indigenous inhabitants in the Amazon region die？AEuropean explorers brought diseases there。BPortuguese explorers treated them badly。CA lot of trees were cut down and burned.DThey got killed by Spanish explorers.3What can be inferred about the Amazon rainf

35、orest？AIt has the largest number of species.BIt covers over 5% of South America.CIt is becoming larger in area.DIt is being endangered now。4What may be included in the following paragraph？AExamples of destroying forests.BMeasures to protect rainforests。CNew settlements in the Amazon region。DWays to

36、stop global warming.【解題導語】本文主要講述了亞馬遜熱帶雨林的歷史、豐富的物種以及現在所面臨的危險。1C解析：推理判斷題.根據第一段的內容并結合第二段第一句中的“allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species”可推知，那些關于動植物種類的數字說明了亞馬遜熱帶雨林的物種多樣性，故選C。2A解析：細節理解題。根據第三段第二句“European explorers arrived in the 16th century， bringing diseases which traveled fast

37、er than the explorers themselves, killing perhaps as many as 90 of the indigenous inhabitants（土著居民)可知，可能多達90%的亞馬遜土著居民因為歐洲探險者所帶來的疾病而死亡，故選A.3D解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段尾句中的“at the present rate。in two decades并結合最后一段的整體內容可推知，亞馬遜熱帶雨林遭到破壞，而且未來20年可能會減少40，故選D。4B解析:推理判斷題。根據最后一段的關鍵詞“deforestation可推知，亞馬遜熱帶雨林砍伐嚴重,那么本文接下來自

38、然就會論述這一問題的解決措施，故選B.Test 3The world can be a scary place when youre young。 It can be even scarier when youre a young little blue penguin(企鵝）, the tiniest of the penguin species。 Luckily， there are some humans willing to help。 They stepped in to protect Billy， a blue penguin that appeared on a beach i

39、n Christchurch, New Zealand.Spotted on November 29 at the slipway at Moncks Bay, near Sumner， in Christchurch, the little penguin immediately attracted a small crowd。 Jeff Mein Smith saw the crowd while he was bicycling that afternoon, and he biked home to get his camera. When he returned to the sce

40、ne, he found that the penguin had received a little sign, one that read “Hi, Im waiting for my mum to come back. DOC(Department of Conservation) knows Im here。 Please leave me alone。 Keep your dog away。 Thanks， Billy the baby blue penguin.”Billy didnt move away from the sign. The DOC arrived later t

41、hat afternoon to pick up Billy, though they were surprised to see it on the beach。 “Its unusual for a blue penguin to be out in the open on the beach during the day， Anita Spencer, a DOC senior ranger, told Stuff。Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Center after being retrieved

42、 from the beach. Volunteers believe the bird may actually be a female penguin， and is around 2 months old. The chick weighs a mere 550 grams， less than a standard basketball。 A blue penguin should weigh around 900 grams at this age。 Most little penguins grow up to weigh 1 kilogram.The center will he

43、lp the little penguin gain some weight by feeding it fish juice， before its set free into the ocean。1Why can the world be frightening to a young penguin？AIt is a rare species.BIt faces potential danger。CIt is surrounded by the crowd.DIt is threatened by dogs。2It can be inferred from the text that Bi

44、lly_Ais a female penguinBhas expressed its thanksCweighs less for its ageDprefers living on the beach3Which of the following can replace the underlined word “retrieved” in Paragraph 4?AIgnored.BCured.CGiven away。 DBrought back。4What will happen to Billy in the center？AIt will be reported to Stuff.BI

45、t will be visited by the locals.CIt will be taken good care of。DIt will be fed with fruit juice.【解題導語】本文主要講述了一只小藍企鵝在人們的幫助下最終得救的故事.1B解析：推理判斷題。根據第二段,尤其是倒數第二、三句“Please leave me alone。 Keep your dog away。”可知，當時有人在那只小藍企鵝旁邊豎立了一個牌子警示人們不要打擾它,不要讓狗靠近它。由此可推知,對于那只小藍企鵝來講，這個世界是可怕的，因為它面臨著一些潛在的危險。故B項正確.2C解析：推理判斷題.根

46、據第四段中的“The chick weighs a mere 550 grams， less than a standard basketball。 A blue penguin should weigh around 900 grams at this age。”可知，這只小藍企鵝體重只有550克，而處于它這個年齡的小藍企鵝的體重應達到900克左右。由此可推知，這只小藍企鵝的體重低于它這個年齡的小藍企鵝的體重。故C項正確。3D解析：詞義猜測題.根據第四段第一句“Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Center

47、after being retrieved from the beach.”可知，這只小藍企鵝是從沙灘上被帶到克賴斯特徹奇的一個企鵝康復中心的。由此可推知，畫線詞與brought back “帶回”意思相近。故D項正確。4C解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段“The center will help the little penguin gain some weight by feeding it fish juice， before its set free into the ocean。”可知，在這只小藍企鵝被放回海洋之前,康復中心會幫助它增加一些體重。由此可推知，在那個企鵝康復中心里，這只小

48、藍企鵝會得到很好的照顧.故C項正確.Test 4Scientists are preparing to launch the worlds first machine to clean up the planets largest mass of ocean plastic.The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patchabout 40,000 metric tonswithin five years。 In the past few weeks they h

49、ave been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine， creating the largest floating barrier ever made。The system， originally dreamt up by Mr. Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch， between Hawaii an

50、d California, which contains estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic. It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997.Mr。 Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea. “There were

51、 more bags than fish down there，” he recalls. Two years later he came up with a solution， quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company. Mr。 Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone。 “We as humanity created this problem， so I think its als

52、o our responsibility to help solve it,” he says。The Great Pacific Garbage Patch(GPGP） covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79，000 tons of plastic， research found last month。 Most of it is made up of “ghost gear”parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets a

53、nd ropesoften from illegal fishing vessels.Ghost gear kills more than 100,000 whales， dolphins and seals each year， according to scientific surveys。 Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic。 Creatures eat plastic discarded in the

54、sea thinking its food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly。 Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear.1What does the underlined word “detritus in the second paragraph probably mean？AWaste. BOcean.CSystem. DMachine.2Which one makes

55、 up most of the garbage in Pacific from the passage？AFishing vessels.BDolphins and seals。CGiant tubes.DAbandoned fishing gear.3Why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation?ABecause they are killed by ghost gear.BBecause they are suffocated by ghost gear.CBecause they do

56、nt like eating plastic。DBecause they are not feeding properly。4What is the main idea of the passage？AA report about the death of marine life。BNews about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic。CInformation about ocean plastic。DThe reason for inventing a machine.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了世界首個海洋垃圾清掃機的發明

57、。1A解析：詞義猜測題。根據第二段畫線詞前的“collect half of”和第四段第一句中的“first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea和第五段最后一句中的“parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear， such as nets and ropes-often from illegal fishing vessels”可推知，畫線詞的意思是“垃圾”。故選A.2D解析：細節理解題。根據第五段最后一句“Most of it is made up of ghost gearpar

58、ts of abandoned and lost fishing gear， such as nets and ropes-often from illegal fishing vessels。”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由廢棄的釣魚用具組成的。3D解析：細節理解題.根據最后一段倒數第二句中的“but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly”可知，太平洋垃圾帶的一些生物死于饑餓是因為它們不能正常地進食.4B解析：主旨大意題。本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了世界首個海洋垃圾清掃機的發明.第一段“Scientists ar

59、e preparing to launch the worlds first machine to clean up the planets largest mass of ocean plastic.”點明了文章的主題。故選B。Test 5At a farm off Narrow Lane near Lexington， Kentucky, US。， oldfashioned houses look over the little red barn（畜舍)The farm is mostly empty now.Jim Mahan and his family, who lived ther

60、e for generations， have moved to a different plot of land in northern Fayette County.As land is sold， houses go up where there once were fields.But during the summer， the barn is filled with city kids who have come to enjoy the farm。 Theyre members of the Fayette County Livestock(FCL) Club， which sh