1、Unit 5 When work is a pleasurePART 1Understanding and LearningOverviewThis unit centers on the topic of work-an indispensable part of individual lives. Work may serve different purposes and have different meanings to different people. Text A argues, by differentiating among work, labor, and play, th

2、at interest and enjoyment in work are important for the benefit of both individuals and society. Text B, by telling us a story of a shoemaker and the author, stimulates thoughts on building a tradition of working with pride, self -esteem, and responsibility. All of these elements, as shown in both t

3、exts, cannot be achieved in a job that is done merely for the sake of money. Concerning the writing style, Text A is developed mainly by means of contrasts, which are effectively used to highlight, point by point, the differences between workers and laborers. Text B, by means of narration through th

4、e use of the first person “I and with detailed description and lively conversations, gives the readers a strong feeling of being personally on the scene, and achieves the effect of great vividness. In order for students to get a strong understanding of the unit theme and foster a good attitude towar

5、d work, the teacher should encourage thought-provoking discussions and activities. The topics for the discussions may include why we work, how we can foster love for work, how we achieve happiness at work, etc. Possible activities are peer interviews, retelling of Text B, questionnaire survey to gau

6、ge the happiness level of a specific occupation and to work out how to achieve greater happiness at work.Section AW川 you be a worker or a labor?Background informationcontinuing educationContinuing education refers to the education for adults, usually in classes that are held in the evening and espec

7、ially on subjects that are related to their jobs.experiential learningExperiential learning is the process of making meaning from direct experience. It is learning through reflection on doing, which is often contrasted with rote learning （死 記硬背）.Experiential learning focuses on the learning process

8、for the individua1. An example of experiential learning is going to the zoo and learning through observation and interaction with the zoo environment, as opposed to reading about animals from a book. Thus, one makes discoveries and experiments with knowledge firsthand, instead of hearing or reading

9、about others experiences.Detailed study of the text1 In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the social indications around work, the value of work and the salary, have degraded manylaborers into modern slaves “wage slaves ” .(Para. 1)Meaning: In a society where slavery, st

10、rictly speaking, has been put to an end, the social status of work, the value of work and the salary, have made many laborers become modern slaves “wage slaves ” . degradevt. treat sb. without respect and make them lose respect for themselves低(某人);羞辱(某人)The examination supervisor warned students not

11、 to degrade themselves by cheating on the exam.監考老師警告學生不要在考試中舞弊，以免自取其辱。Note “Wages slaves here refers to those who work for the mere purpose of earning a wage.2 People are considered laborers if their job has an adverse effect on them, yet they feel compelled to continue working by the necessity of

12、conforming to societal expectations and earning therevenue to support themselves and their families. (Para.2)Meaning: People are considered laborers if their job has a bad or negative effect on them, but they are forced to work because they want to meet the expectations of the society and earn some

13、money to support themselves and their families.adversea. .not good or favorable不禾的； 反對的； 反面的Economists fear that any conflict between the two countries could have adverse effects on global financial markets.經濟學家們擔心兩國之間的任何沖突都可能對 全球金融市場產生不利影響。conform:vi.(to/with) obey sth. such as a rule or lawS 照;遵守;

14、從The city has a few modern buildings in the central area which do not conform with the style of the citys overall character.該城市中心區域有一些現代建筑跟城市的整體 風格特點不相符合。revenuen. U money that a business or organization receives over a period of time, esp. from selling goods or services公司、 機構的)收益， 收入A spokesman for

15、 the finance department said costs generally rise when revenue increases.財務部門的發言人說收益增加成本通常會增加。Note societal: a. relating to society or the way society is organized 社會的In time, humans began to develop societal organizations that eventually would become what we know as towns and cities經過段時間之后, 人類開始形成社

16、會 組織，這些社會組織最終發展成為我們所知道的鄉鎮和城市。3The polar opposite of labor is play. (Para, 2)Meaning: Play is completely opposite to labor.polara1)(opposite/extreme) sth. that is the complete or exact opposite of sth. else 完全相 反；正好相反John said he d vote for the candidate even if his beliefs were the polar opposite of

17、 his own.約翰說即使候選人的觀點與自己的相左，他也將投票給該候選人。2) close to or relating to the North Pole or the South Pol地極的;近地極的；極地的The melting of the polar icecaps and the rise in the sea level are only the most commonly cited effects of climate change極地冰蓋融化以及海平面上升只是最常被提及的氣候變化的后果。4 When we play a game, we enjoy what we ar

18、e doing, but it is a purely private pastime;(Para. 2) pastime: n. C sth. that you do because you think it is enjoyable or interesting遣；娛樂To relieve the stress caused by her job, she turned to painting, a pastime she had loved since childhood.為了緩解工作引起的壓力，她開始畫畫，這是她自兒時起就喜歡的消遣。Between labor and play sta

19、nds work. (Para.3)Meaning: Work lies somewhere between labor and play.Note Here we are reminded of what is mentioned in the preceding paragraph The polar opposite of labor is play” .People are labeled as workers if their personal interests coincide with the jobs society pays them to do; what is nece

20、ssary labor from the point of view of society is voluntary play from the individual s personal point of view. (Para. 3)Meaning: People are regarded as workers if their personal interests agree with the jobs society pays them to do; what is necessary labor from the perspective of society can mean vol

21、untary play to a worker.Note The labor required in a job is voluntary play to workers because they show interest in it, enjoy what they are doing and find pleasure in it; just as if they were playing a game. coincide: vi. (with)(of ideas, opinions, etc. ) be the same or very similar旭法、 意見等 )相同，相符，In

22、deed, the States inte rests may not coincide with those of the individual.的確，國家利益可能與個人利益不一致。(of two or more events) take place at the same tim喇件或更多的事情)同時發生 Her arrival coincided with our departure.她到來之時正逢我們離開。 voluntary: a. done willingly and without being forced 自愿的；自動的Every decision is made of a p

23、ersons free will, and is voluntary, unless it is effected by compulsion.每項決定都是基于個人意愿，屬自愿性質的，除非有強制要求。Note point of view: n. a particular way of thinking about or judging a situation 視角； 角度How does your point of view square with what some of your colleagues have said? 你的觀點與你一些同事的意見在多大程度上一致？7 Whether a

24、 job is to bedesignated as labor or work depends, not on the job itself but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. (Para.3)Meaning: Whether a job is so be considered as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the very person who does it had interest in it or not. desinatevt.

25、1) (fml.)( sb./sth. as ) give sb. or sth. a particular name, title, or description 巴茂名 為；授予麗號；把洲述為When residents wanted to designate the Elk River as a heritage site, the mines killed the proposal.當居民們想把埃爾克河確定為文化遺產時，該提議卻被眾多的礦井給毀掉了。2)(sb./sth.as)formally choose sb. or sth. for a particular purpose命;選

26、定;選派A will allows people to designate someone as receiver of their property when they die.遺囑使人們可以指定其去世后財產由誰繼承。8 The difference does not, for examplecorrelate with the difference between a manual and mental job or between jobs of low or highssteem;(Para.3) Meaning: The difference labor and work has n

27、o connection with the difference between a manual and mental job or between jobs which get low or high respect and admiration. correlate: v. (with) if two or more facts, ideas, etc. correlate or you correlate them, they are closely connected to each other or one causes the other)(相互關聯 Rising tempera

28、tures and the associated earlier spring snowmelt with increasing amounts and size of wildfires in the western United States.氣溫升高及其所導致的春季融雪提前與美國西部數量日益增多、規模日益增大的山火是有關聯的。 esteem:n. Ua feeling of respect for sb., or a good opinion of sb# 敬; 敬重 He is held in high esteem by colleague in the construction i

29、ndustry. 他受到建筑業同行的高度尊重。vt. (fml.) respect and admire sb. or sth.尊敬; 敬重Employee qualities such as being cooperative and industrious are often esteemed by managers.員工的合作、勤奮等品質常常為經理們所推崇。9 Workers are therefore moreprone to dedicate more time to working, taking too little leisure rather than too much. (

30、Para.4)Meaning: Workers are therefore more likely to spend more time in working, and they will spend extremely little amount of time on relaxation. pronea. likely to do sth. or suffer from sth., esp. sth. bad or harmful 于發生某事(尤指不好或有害的事)的;很可能？I;有?傾向的Most children are prone to junk food.多數孩子喜歡吃垃圾食品。 d

31、edicatevt.use a place, time, money, etc. only for a particular purpos的某目 的而)使用 The newspaper dedicated three whole pages to pictures of the princess.報紙用了三個整版刊登王妃的照片。give all your attention and effort to one particular thing 致力于; 獻身于The new president said she would dedicate herself protecting the rig

32、hts of children, the old and the homeless.新總統說她將致力于保護兒童、老人和無家可歸者的權利。10 To laborers, on the other hand, leisure meanautonomy from compulsion, so it is natural for them to imagine that the fewer hours they have to spend laboring, and the more hours they have free for play, the better. (Para.4)Meaning:

33、 To labors, on the other hand, leisure means complete freedom from what they are forced to do or what they have to do; so, it is natural for them to think that it is better if they spend less time on labor and more time on play. autonomy.Uthe ability or opportunity to make your own decisions without

34、 being controlled by anyone elsel主能力;自主Genetic engineering may threaten privacy, kill autonomy, make society look and be alike, and destroy the concept of human nature.基因工程可能威脅隱私，扼殺自主權，使社會千篇一律，并且破壞人性這一觀念。freedom that a place or an organization has to g overn or control itsef 治；自治 權They are willing t

35、o give this district more autonomy, but not independence.他們愿意給該地區更多的自治權，但不會讓其獨立。Note compulsion: n.sing.,U the act of forcing or influencing sb. to do sth. they do not want to do, or the situation of being forced or influenced 被）強制；（被）強迫 Who would undertake such a difficult task without compulsion?如

36、果不是強制性的，誰會去承擔這樣一項困難的任務？11 They will also work with more diligence and precision because they have fostereda sense of personal pride in their jobs. （Para.5）Meaning: They will also work harder and more accurately because they have developed a sense of personal pride in their jobs.precision: n.Uthe qua

37、lity of being very exact or correct 精確（性）； 準確（性）To improve the precision of gene testing, scientist needed to spell out the actual DNA sequence of disease-fostering genes.為了提高基因測試的精度，科學家們需要闡明致病基因的DNA序列。foster: vt. heIp a skill, felling, idea, etc. develop over a period of timefi進; 培養；All classroom p

38、ractice will be geared to encouraging and fostering not only students learning habits but also students creativity.所有的課堂實踐都將不僅鼓勵和培養學生的學習習慣，還鼓勵和培養其創造力：12 On the other hand, laborers, whose solincentive is earning their livelihood, feelthat the time they spend on the daily grind is wasted and doesn t

39、contribute to theirhappiness. （Para, 5）Meaning: On the other hand, laborers, whose only motive is making a living, feel that the time they spend on the boring daily work is wasted and doesn bring them happiness.incentive: n .C,U sth. that encourages you to work harder, start a new activity etc.刺激;動力

40、;鼓勵My girlfriendinteesst in my job gave me an incentive, so I worked twice as hard.女友對我工作的興趣給了我動力，因此我加倍努力。livelihood: n . C,Uthe way you earn money in order to liveft 計It was the lack of a basic livelihood that compelled the oppressed to fight for their survival.正是由于無法維持基本的生計才迫使被壓迫者為自身的生存而抗爭。13 Inst

41、ead of valuing all hours of their day as enjoyable and productive hours, they gauge only the time spent in leisure and play as meaning. (Para.5)Meaning: Instead of regarding all 24 hours of their day as enjoyable and productive hours, they believe that only the time that they spend in leisure and pl

42、ay is meaningful. gauge:vt. make a judgment or guess about a situation, action, or person based on the information that you have (f艮據所掌握的信息)估計，判斷If you want to gauge public opinion about the war, look at the local media coverage concerning the deaths of the soldiers.如果你想判斷輿論對這場戰爭的看法，看看當地媒體有關士兵犧牲的報道吧

43、。n. C an instrument for measuring the size or amount of sthffl 量儀器； 計量器； 量A gasoline gauge shows the amount of gasoline left in a car.油表顯示汽車剩余的油量。Unfortunately, laborers are all toocommonplace, and only a small percentage of the population is in the lucky position of being workers. (Para.5)Meaning:

44、Unfortunately, laborers are so common that they can be seen almost everywhere, and only a small percentage of the population is lucky to be workers. Commonplacea happening or existing in many places, and therefore not special or unusuaFF常的;平凡的;不足為奇的Paid vacations of two weeks or longer are a commonp

45、lace benefit in many companies.兩周或更長的帶薪假期在很多公司都是常見的福利。In recent decades technological innovation and the division of labor have caused major economic changes by eliminating the need for special strength or skill in many fields and have turned many paid occupations with enjoyable work into boring lab

46、or.(Para, 6)Meaning: In recent decades, the improvements in technology and the division of labor have caused great economic changes.People do not need special strength or skill any more in many fields. Many paid jobs with enjoyable work have become boring labor routine. innovation: n.1)U the introdu

47、ction of new ideas or methods 革新;創新The duty of every teacher is to encourage creativity and innovation in the classroom.每個老師在課堂上的職責都是鼓勵創新。2)C a new idea, method, or invention 新觀念；新方法Those well-meaning people who have tried to introduce innovations in schools have come up with against considerable re

48、sistance from teachers, students and parents alike.那些善意的人們盡力將一些新觀念引入學校，但在老師、學生和家長中都遇到了 相當大的阻力。16 Increasing productivity with automated machines, such as robots, has reduced the number of necessary laboring hours. (Para.6)Meaning: With the use of machines which can automatically do the work for peop

49、le, such as robots, productivity has increased and the number of necessary laboring hours has accordingly decreased.automate:vt. start using computers and machines to do a job, rather than peope自動化The engineer used a computer program he had created to automate downloading of program updates.該工程師用自己設

50、計的電腦程序自動下載程序更新。automateda using computers and machines to do a job, rather than peopWl 化IOne proposed solution to the growing problem of accidents caused by tired truck, may perhaps be an automated highway system.車司機疲勞駕駛引起的事故越來越多，一個提議的解決方案可能就是自動化高速 公路系統。17 It is possible to imagine anupcoming societ

51、y in which the majority of the population will have almost as much leisure time as in earlier times was enjoyed by the medieval aristocracy. (Para.6)Meaning: It is possible to imagine that in a society of the near future, most of the people will have a lot of spare time, which would be similar to th

52、e amount of time for play enjoyed by aristocrats in medieval times.upcoming: a. (only) happening soon 即將來臨的；即將發生的I feel very confident about the upcoming debate because I believe that I can defeat my opponent s argument easily.我對即將到來的辯論充滿信心，因為我相信我能輕松駁倒對方的觀點。medieval: a. connected with the Middle Age

53、s(二 the period between about AD 1100 and 1500)中世紀的；中古時期的I have seen medieval manuscripts in which one word is spelled four different ways on a single page.我看過中世紀的手稿，同一頁上一個單詞竟然有四種拼寫方法。The medieval aristocrats had an abundance of leisure time but often wasted it in trivial pursuit of games and fashion

54、. (Para, 6)Meaning: The medieval aristocrats had a large amount of leisure time but often wasted it on such insignificant things as playing games and following the latest fashion.Likewise, modern-day laborers with too much leisure time may find it difficult to refrain from the addictive and trivial

55、pursuits of celebrity gossip, extravagant fashion, and excessive video games and TV-similar bad habits that waste valuable time. (Para, 6)Meaning: Similarly, laborers of modern day, who have too much leisure time, may find it hard to stop doing such insignificant things as talking about private affa

56、irs of famous people, and spending a lot of money on fashion and too much time on video games and TV shows. These bad habits will equally waste valuable time. refrain: vi. (from) (fml.) not do sth. that you want to do制; 抑制; 忍住 International financial experts committed to refrain from competitive dev

57、aluation of our currencies and decide to promote a stable and well-functioning international monetary system.國際金融專家承諾不使我們的貨幣出現競爭性貶值并決定要促進建立穩定完善 的國際貨幣體系。 addictive a.an activity that is addictive is so enjoyable that you do not want to stop 人入迷 的；使人沉溺的I tell most people to avoid collecting antiques,

58、as it is too expensive and addictive.多數人不要收集古童，因為它太費錢，而且讓人沉迷其中。if a substance, esp. a drug is addictive, your body starts to need it regularly and you are unable to stop taking i使人成癮的Doctors say that relying on these electronic devices can have the same addictive effects on users as drugs and alcoho

59、l.醫生說依賴這些電子設備會跟毒品和酒精一樣讓使用者上癮。gossip: n. U information that is passed from one person to another about other people s behavior and private lives, often including unkind or untrue remarks言蜚 語；閑言碎語；傳聞When he got to the office the next day, he found himself a target of very unkind gossip, which, of cour

60、se, made him quite angry.當他第二天去辦公室時，他發現自己成了閑言碎語的對象，這當然讓他很憤怒。extravagant:a. spending or costing a lot of money, esp. more than is necessary or more than you can afford 奢侈的；揮霍的How is she paying for her extravagant holiday with her modest income?她的微薄收入怎么能為她奢華的假期埋單 ？20 However, it s not necessary to tak