1、我的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)觀和教學(xué)實(shí)踐 程惠云 2015-12-25提 綱我的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)觀我的教學(xué)實(shí)踐124我的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)觀學(xué)生為什么學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)？英語(yǔ)學(xué)科的本質(zhì)是什么？學(xué)生是怎樣學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)的？英語(yǔ)教師在學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)中起到什么作用？學(xué)生為什么學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)？近期目標(biāo)：升學(xué)遠(yuǎn)期目標(biāo)：今后更好地生活開(kāi)闊全球視野發(fā)展文化品格 提升思維品質(zhì)享受優(yōu)質(zhì)資源抓住更多機(jī)會(huì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科的本質(zhì)是什么？與人交流的工具傳播文化的媒介英語(yǔ)課堂的特點(diǎn)： 實(shí)踐性、交際性學(xué)生是怎樣學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)的？英語(yǔ)是用會(huì)的 英語(yǔ)的工具性決定了學(xué)生只有在反復(fù)使用英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中才能掌握英語(yǔ)。必備基礎(chǔ) 英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、基本能力、文化意識(shí)、交際能力是使用英語(yǔ)這門工具的必備基礎(chǔ)。模仿能力

2、英語(yǔ)是將單詞按照約定俗成的規(guī)則組織成句子來(lái)傳達(dá)信息的。因此模仿在英語(yǔ)中學(xué)習(xí)中有重要的地位。思維品質(zhì) 語(yǔ)言的形式可以模仿，但是思想必須是自己的。與人溝通的前提是自己有話可說(shuō)。否則，沒(méi)有自己的思想，交流就沒(méi)有了必要性。英語(yǔ)教師在學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)中起到什么作用？激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)的愿望激發(fā)和維持學(xué)習(xí)的興趣提供必備的基礎(chǔ)創(chuàng)設(shè)使用英語(yǔ)的環(huán)境生態(tài)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的設(shè)計(jì)者、建設(shè)者、維護(hù)者。什么樣的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境是生態(tài)的？什么叫生態(tài)？ 生態(tài)是指一切生物的生存狀態(tài)，以及它們之間和它與環(huán)境之間環(huán)環(huán)相扣的關(guān)系。生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是開(kāi)放系統(tǒng)。生態(tài)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境 指在學(xué)校的一定空間內(nèi)，學(xué)生與英語(yǔ)教師和學(xué)校構(gòu)成的統(tǒng)一整體。在這個(gè)整體中，學(xué)生與英語(yǔ)教師和學(xué)

3、校之間相互影響，相互制約，相互學(xué)習(xí)。這個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有互動(dòng)性、開(kāi)放性和成長(zhǎng)性等特點(diǎn)。 生態(tài)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中的要素 學(xué)校生態(tài)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)容+生態(tài)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中的學(xué)生教育目標(biāo)為了學(xué)生的全人發(fā)展身心健康（材料、活動(dòng)、評(píng)價(jià)）發(fā)展語(yǔ)言能力發(fā)展文化品格發(fā)展思維品質(zhì)發(fā)展學(xué)習(xí)能力生態(tài)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的特點(diǎn)師生關(guān)系民主課程層級(jí)多樣學(xué)習(xí)材料多渠道學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)走向自主教師的教只對(duì)學(xué)生負(fù)責(zé)教師的發(fā)展自主教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)民主、多元。生態(tài)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中的師生關(guān)系 學(xué)習(xí)材料多元國(guó)家教材校本教材教師資源學(xué)生資源網(wǎng)絡(luò)、報(bào)刊等。互相尊重、教師主導(dǎo)、學(xué)生主體、智慧交流、能力相長(zhǎng)生態(tài)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中的課程層級(jí)教師根據(jù)學(xué)生所表現(xiàn)出的不同英語(yǔ)能力，開(kāi)設(shè)

4、分層級(jí)的課程；認(rèn)知過(guò)程維度知識(shí)維度能力、情感理解記憶/回憶應(yīng)用分析評(píng)價(jià)創(chuàng)造事實(shí)概念程序元認(rèn)知英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的活動(dòng)觀生態(tài)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中的課堂活動(dòng)層級(jí)布魯姆的教學(xué)目標(biāo)分類認(rèn)知情感動(dòng)作生態(tài)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中的學(xué)習(xí)材料學(xué)習(xí)材料: 多元、開(kāi)放、民主國(guó)家教材校本教材教師資源學(xué)生資源網(wǎng)絡(luò)、報(bào)刊 等。提 綱我的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)觀我的教學(xué)實(shí)踐124我的教學(xué)實(shí)踐詞匯教學(xué)策略語(yǔ)法教學(xué)策略閱讀課堂聽(tīng)說(shuō)課堂寫作課堂 因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)單詞，不會(huì)輕易背上，所以英語(yǔ)還是初中的摸樣；因?yàn)樵~匯量，基本不生長(zhǎng)，喝兩杯啤酒就能全部忘光；因?yàn)閱卧~，總是背完就忘，我曾懷疑我腦子里裝的是豆?jié){；因?yàn)閱卧~在那個(gè)地方，就算你背的瘋狂、癡狂、抓狂，還是背完就忘。詞

5、匯教學(xué)策略詞匯學(xué)習(xí)一猜二查三用幫助學(xué)生掌握學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的方法督促學(xué)生養(yǎng)成積累詞匯的習(xí)慣鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生在用中掌握詞匯詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1 學(xué)以致用 在用中學(xué)Emma left home, (1) rounded the corner on her bike and saw a (2) round metal object on the road. It went (3) round and round in circles making a strange noise. Suddenly, a man came (4) round the corner and fired a (5) round of bullet

6、s at the object before picking it up. Then he looked (6) round and said, “Thats about the tenth alien Ive (7) rounded up this week.” He (8) rounded off his speech with a bow and several passers-by gave him a (9) round of applause. Emma thought to herself, “Therere some strange people round here.”Gue

7、ssThats about the tenth alien Ive (7) rounded up this week.He (8) rounded off his speech with a bowConsultation v. gather people or things 聚攏；圍殲 end or complete sth. Satisfactorily 順利完成 第一步 判斷詞性第二步 查找合適的解釋第三步 觀察用法Thats about the tenth alien Ive (7) rounded up this week.He (8) rounded off his speech

8、with a bowConsultation v. cause to come together 聚攏；圍殲 end or complete sth. Satisfactorily 順利完成 第一步 判斷詞性第二步 查找合適的解釋第三步 觀察用法Use Choose proper dictionaries 督促學(xué)生養(yǎng)成積累詞匯的習(xí)慣 Categories歸類學(xué)習(xí)詞匯學(xué)習(xí) 2 與實(shí)物或圖片聯(lián)系，印象深刻9. The creature turned and ran into the forest, and before Henry could stop him, Bill stumbled aft

9、er it. (P11)詞匯的分類集中強(qiáng)化Vocabulary of feelingsrelieved, relaxed, peaceful, calmstressed out, nervous, restless, upset,proud, conceited, modest, humble, delighted, happy, pleased, overjoyedcross, mad, crazy furious, irritated, insecure, miserabledetermined, stubborn, firm, 學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)Vocabulary of feelingsLow-

10、achieversActivity 1-1Work in groups of 4, pick out the words that you are not certain.Activity 1-2 Which adjectives in the box can you group together according to meaning?Which ones have a “strong” meaning (S)? Which have a “weaker” meaning (W)?話題下的詞匯運(yùn)用復(fù)習(xí)(3)average-achieversActivity 1 Add other word

11、s you know to these groups.Activity 2In pairs, choose three words from Exercise 1 that you did not often use. Describe three situations to other students. Can they guess which feeling you had in mind? Yesterday we had an English exam. I made a carful preparation for it. But I failed and later I foun

12、d that most of my good friends did very well in it. (miserable)適合分類強(qiáng)化的詞匯“說(shuō)”的詞匯“看”的詞匯“走”的詞匯“聽(tīng)”的詞匯“系動(dòng)詞”詞匯學(xué)習(xí) 3 用而時(shí)習(xí)之 不使遺忘建立生詞本 適時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)有計(jì)劃地掌握學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的方法廣泛閱讀，經(jīng)常見(jiàn)面語(yǔ)用觀下的語(yǔ)法教學(xué)語(yǔ)法不僅僅是關(guān)于句子的規(guī)則。語(yǔ)法是一種技能，是一種將零散的詞遵循一定的規(guī)則用句子的形式得體表達(dá)人類思想的一種技能。這種技能可以習(xí)得也可以學(xué)會(huì)。You are always talking when others are reading silently. (表達(dá)不滿情緒)形式：意義

13、：用法：語(yǔ)用觀下的語(yǔ)法教學(xué)Form， meaning， useGrammar Dimensions Teaching Language from Grammar to Grammaring by Diane Larsen-Freeman學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法的意義語(yǔ)法是對(duì)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)習(xí)慣的歸納?？偨Y(jié)出來(lái)的規(guī)律是為了人們能夠更準(zhǔn)確，更有意義，更恰當(dāng)，地使用語(yǔ)言。Diane Larsen-Freeman：Grammar isthe ability to use grammar structures accurately, meaningfully, and appropriately.“ 語(yǔ)用觀下的倒裝句教學(xué)Ang

14、ry BrownBabydontcryThank God that irritating drummer is gone for good. I had seldom suffered that much before I moved into his neighborhood. The annoying drumming was driving us all crazy. As soon as we had moved in, our miserable life began. I could rarely get any good sleep at all, which made me s

15、leepy all day. I could not put up with the noise, and I could not stand staying awake all night either. He is so selfish and inconsiderate. However, if I hadnt had this experience, I would not appreciate the normal life I am now enjoying.I totally agree with Angry Brown. Seldom had I suffered that m

16、uch before I moved into his neighborhood. The drumming was indeed irritating. No sooner had we moved in than our miserable life began. Rarely did my one-year-old baby get any good sleep at all. Neither could I put up with the noise or bear the pain seeing what my poor baby had been going through. No

17、t until I met him did I realize that there could be somebody that inconsiderate and selfish. I had seldom suffered that much before I moved into his neighborhood.As soon as we had moved in, our miserable life began.I could not put up with the noise, and I could not stand staying awake all night eith

18、er. If I hadnt had this experience, I would not appreciate the normal life I am now enjoying.Seldom had I suffered that much before I moved into his neighborhood.No sooner had we moved in than our miserable life began.Neither could I put up with the noise or bear the pain seeing what my poor baby ha

19、d been going through.Had I not had this experience, I would not appreciate the normal life I am now living every day. I had seldom suffered that much before I moved into his neighborhood.As soon as we had moved in, our miserable life began.I could not put up with the noise, and I could not stand sta

20、ying awake all night either. If I hadnt had this experience, I would not appreciate the normal life I am now enjoying.Seldom had I suffered that much before I moved into his neighborhood.No sooner had we moved in than our miserable life began.Neither could I put up with the noise or bear the pain se

21、eing what my poor baby had been going through.Had I not had this experience, I would not appreciate the normal life I am now living every day. S.+V.V+SNatural orderPartly Inverted order部分倒裝be/Aux. V. /Mod. V.+ S.Were/had/should/could + SI could not put up with the noise, and I could not stand stayin

22、g awake all night either. Neither could I put up with the noise or bear the pain seeing what my poor baby had been going through.If I hadnt had this experience, I would not appreciate the normal life I am now enjoying. Had I not had this experience, I would not appreciate the normal life I am now li

23、ving.They could not relax or read without plugging their ears, either. The structure of Inversion for EmphasisObserve the following sentences in inverted order, and try to find out what they have in common:1. Seldom has drumming caused such conflict.2. No sooner had they moved in than the noise bega

24、n and rarely did they get a full nights sleep. 3. Neither could they relax or read a book without plugging their ears. 4. Not only is he a keen gardener, he is also a fish collector. 5. Neither could we get rid of the smell of fish. 6. Rarely had Laurene seen McKay move so fast.Put the following sen

25、tences into inverted order:They started to argue soon after they had gotten married. (No sooner)No sooner had they gotten married than they started to argue.2. I will not admit that, but I will not deny it, either. (Neither)Neither will I admit that or deny it. Practice of the StructureI did not hav

26、e the time and awareness to think about what I had done until I was stuck in the hotel room alone. I was stuck in the hotel room alone did I have the time and awareness to think about what I had done.Try One More:I did not realize that there could be somebody that inconsiderate and selfish until I m

27、et him.Not until I met him did I realize that there could be somebody that inconsiderate and selfish.didNot untilDear neighbors,I would like to express to you through this letter my deepest apology for what I have done to the whole neighborhood by having been practicing my drumming under inappropria

28、te circumstances. If I had been more sensitive and considerate, I would not have behaved like that. As soon as I moved into the lonely hotel room, I felt lost . Even the best room service could hardly make that up. I did not have the time and awareness to think about what I had done until I was stuc

29、k in the hotel room alone.I had seldom thought about others, and I had never been grateful to you my lovely neighbors for creating such a homy atmosphere. Now I dont feel happy, and I dont enjoy my drumming either. I miss living with you. I hope you will forgive me, and I promise I will not drum in

30、the community again until I soundproof my apartment perfectly. Could you take me back and give me a second chance?Sincerely Yang Ming 只有把語(yǔ)法作為技能來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)，我們才能真正掌握和使用語(yǔ)法，才能更準(zhǔn)確地理解別人和準(zhǔn)確得體地表達(dá)自己。閱讀教學(xué)的實(shí)踐閱讀教學(xué)的原則：學(xué)以致用閱讀的目的閱讀的四個(gè)層次 基礎(chǔ)閱讀 (Elementary reading) 發(fā)現(xiàn)閱讀(Inspectional reading) 分析閱讀(analytical reading) 比較閱讀(Com

31、parative reaidng) 獲取資訊學(xué)習(xí)理解Mortimer J. Adler & Charles Van Doren閱讀的本質(zhì)作為讀者，我們首先要準(zhǔn)確理解作者所要傳達(dá)的意思。Nuttall, C. 2002, Teaching Reading Skills in a Foreign Language閱讀的過(guò)程Meaning does not reside on the printed page. It requires the reader to combine the printed words with his background knowledge and experienc

32、es.作者想說(shuō)什么？他如何說(shuō)？這里的思維導(dǎo)圖就是作者的寫作思路思維導(dǎo)圖輔助下的閱讀活動(dòng)一讀標(biāo)題 預(yù)測(cè)文章內(nèi)容二覽全文 了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)三找關(guān)鍵詞 明確語(yǔ)篇意思四查主旨 理清支撐細(xì)節(jié)五問(wèn)自己 是否滿意Multitask？Distract？Increase productivity？Multitasking People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and self

33、-evaluation by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted and cant focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things,” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psyc

34、hologist at the University of Utah.說(shuō)明文報(bào)道實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)Reporting findings What (Findings) How How important important possible prospect whyLimitationSanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and ho

35、w sensation-seeking or imperative they were. They then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.How實(shí)驗(yàn)如何進(jìn)行participants reportthenevaluate themNot surprisingly, the sci

36、entists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were fo

37、und to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.Findingsin detail & analysis“People multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivit

38、y, but because theyre, distractible and they get sucked into things that are not as important.” Sanbonmatsu said.Further analysisAdam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldn

39、t find out whether people who start out less focused toward multitasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.less focused multitaskingmultitaskingrecognizing & understanding ability局限limitationThe findings do suggest, however, why the sensati

40、on-seeker who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though theyre dangerous.”Im

41、plicationReporting findingsMultitasking-distracttesting limitation implicationdata explanationPsychological explanation 閱讀理解的六項(xiàng)微技能 1、 理解主旨和要義； 2、 理解文中具體信息； 3、 根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；4、 作出判斷和推理； 5、 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)； 6、 理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。閱讀討論各層次的問(wèn)題學(xué)生提出的問(wèn)題？教師提出的問(wèn)題？1. What are the findings?2. Who did the experiment?3. How d

42、id the scientists get the findings?4. Do you think the findings are well supported? 5. Do you accept the findings? Why?思維導(dǎo)圖輔助閱讀的意義閱讀不再僅僅停留在字面意義上有利于讀者關(guān)注文本的意義讀者更關(guān)注文本思維邏輯能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)深度閱讀有利于思維品質(zhì)的發(fā)展有利于寫作能力的發(fā)展有利于提高閱讀考試的成績(jī)七選五閱讀篇章邏輯句間邏輯Urbanization 5,500 Rapid transformation evidence How Influence 71-75 EDBAF考場(chǎng)七選五應(yīng)

43、對(duì)技巧一讀文體二讀大意 （structure）三讀選項(xiàng) 配入段落四 找準(zhǔn)提示 確定答案五重讀文章 關(guān)注邏輯主題句提示、意群提示、代詞提示、時(shí)間提示 UrbanizationUntil relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago71_ . In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms

44、or in tiny rural villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.What is urban society slow start Britain was only the beginning. 72_ .The process of urbaniz

45、ation the migration of people from the countryside to the city was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. 73 .C

46、ause&effectLarge cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies. It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. _74 . Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, labor

47、ers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Cause&effectOver the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken t

48、his balance between the city and the country 75_ Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.七選五閱讀Urbanization slow process at the beginning Small cities Large cities agriculture- industrialized result of modernization 71-75 EDBAFFaster 1990/40% now 82% influenceThat kept cities very small. B. The rest live in small towns.C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered. D. Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.E. But even 200 years ag