1、 HYPERLINK http:/www.tatxk http:/www.tatxk HYPERLINK http:/www.taxmb http:/www.taxmb HYPERLINK http:/www.xtlxl http:/www.xtlxl HYPERLINK http:/www.mtjxc http:/www.mtjxc 探討草本植物對酸雨的抵抗能力二氧化硫是大氣中分布較廣泛和危害較大的污染物之一，也是酸雨的主要組成成分。隨著二氧化硫污染問題越來越嚴重，我國的甘肅省隴南地區、山東省膠東半島、陜西省南部以及長江流域以南大部分地區均出現過不同程度的酸雨。在年月通過的中華人民共和國大氣

2、污染防治法中明確規定，在全國劃定酸雨控制區和二氧化硫污染控制區，以達到在雙控區內強化對酸雨和二氧化硫的污染控制目的。然而，我們要避免目前常用的治理二氧化硫的化學方法，以免造成二次污染。硫是植物正常生長發育所必需的營養元素，植物通過其葉片上的氣孔和枝條上的皮孔等自然孔口，將大氣中的二氧化硫等污染物吸入體內，在體內通過一系列氧化還原過程進行中和而形成無毒物質（即降解作用），或通過根系排出體外，或積累貯藏于某一器官內。因此，廣泛植樹種草是降低二氧化硫污染的有效措施之一。草坪植物是城市生態環境的重要組成部分，對于一定濃度范圍內的二氧化硫，不僅具有一定的抵抗力，而且也具有相當程度的吸收凈化能力。然而不同

3、的植物種類，因其生理功能上的差異，其吸收和凈化二氧化硫的能力也明顯不同。試驗利用噴灑二氧化硫溶液來模擬酸雨環境，探討了兩種北方城市綠地常見草本植物草地早熟禾（ ）與麥冬 （） 對二氧化硫模擬酸雨的抵抗能力，現將結果報告如下。 Sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere is widely distributed and one of the hazardous pollutants, and also a major ingredient of acid rain. With sulfur dioxide pollution is becoming more and mo

4、re serious, Chinas Gansu region of Longnan Province, Shandong province Jiaodong Peninsula, southern Shaanxi province and the south of the Yangtze River Basin in most areas have had varying degrees of acid rain. In 1995 August through the the peoples Republic of China Air Pollution Prevention Law cle

5、arly defined, in the national designated control area of acid rain and sulfur dioxide pollution control areas, in order to achieve the double control objective of acid rain and sulfur dioxide pollution zone. However, we should avoid chemical methods of governance of sulfur dioxide at present, so as

6、not to cause two pollution. Sulfur is nutrients for plant growth and development of plants required, through the stomata and the leaves on the branches of the lenticels and other natural orifice, the pollutants in the atmosphere of sulfur dioxide inhalation, and the formation of toxic substances in

7、the body through a series of redox process ( i.e. degradation ), or through the root excretion the accumulation of storage, or in an organ. Therefore, extensive planting of trees and grass is one of the effective measures to reduce sulfur dioxide pollution. Lawn plant is an important part of city ec

8、ological environment, sulfur dioxide for a certain range of concentration, not only has some resistance, but also has the absorption and purification ability ( 1 ) a considerable degree. However, different plant species, because of their different physiological functions, its ability to absorb and p

9、urify the sulfur dioxide are also different. Experiments using spray sulfur dioxide solution to simulated acid rain environment, and discusses two kinds of the northern city of green common herbs of Kentucky Bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L. ) and Ophiopogon japonicus ( Ophiopogon japonicus ( Thunb. ) Ke

10、rGawl. ) of simulated acid rain resistance to sulfur dioxide, report the result as follows now.材料與方法 Materials and methods 1試驗區概況 A survey of 1.1 test area試驗區設在北京林業大學校園內，該地位于北京市海淀區，氣候為典型的暖溫帶半濕潤大陸性季風氣候，夏季炎熱多雨，冬季寒冷干燥，春、秋季短促。年平均氣溫為 。其中月均溫4 The test area is located on the campus of Beijing Forestry Univ

11、ersity, which is located in Beijing city of Haidian District, the climate is typical of the sub-humid warm temperate continental monsoon climate, hot and rainy in summer, cold and dry winter, spring, fall short. The average annual temperature is 10 12 . The average temperature in January 4 7 ，月均溫 。全

12、年無霜期 。年平均降雨量約 ，降水季節分配不均勻，全年降水的集中在夏季的、月，、月常有暴雨。以在北京市城市綠化中應用較廣的草地早熟禾與麥冬為材料；試驗地開闊，通風性好，無遮陰，試驗小區面積為 。 July - 7, temperature 25 26 . The annual frost-free period of 180 200 D. The average annual rainfall of about 600 mm, uneven seasonal distribution of the precipitation, the annual precipitation of 80% c

13、oncentrated in the summer of 6, 7, August, 7, August ( 2 ) often have heavy rain. With the wide application in city virescence in Beijing bluegrass and Radix Ophiopogonis as materials; test to open, good ventilation, no shading, the test area is 2 m 2 m.試驗方法 1.2 test methods酸雨模擬試驗采用濃硫酸與亞硫酸鈉反應，配制值為的二

14、氧化硫溶液， HYPERLINK http:/www.xtlxl/ 熔鋁爐置于容量為 的容器中，于年月日至月日，連續 對試驗小區進行均勻噴灑，以創造模擬酸雨的環境。 1.2.1 simulated acid rain experiment using concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium sulfite reaction, preparation of pH value of sulfur dioxide solution 4, container in the capacity of 0.3 L, from July 28, 2010 to August

15、 11th, 15 consecutive D on experimental plots were sprayed, in order to create simulated acid rain environment.綠地質量觀察在模擬酸雨環境前后，對試驗小區綠地的綜合質量進行評定，包括葉片色澤、長勢、蓋度等，以考查模擬酸雨環境對綠地質量的影響。 1.2.2 green quality was observed before and after the simulated acid rain environment, comprehensive quality evaluation of

16、test area green space, including the leaf color, growth, the main effect of acid rain on the green, environmental quality in order to examine the simulation.葉片硫含量的測定模擬酸雨環境前后，每小區分別采集約 的葉片樣品，烘干后采用硫酸鋇溶膠比濁法測定葉片中的硫含量，植物吸硫能力（-）。式中，為試驗前硫含量，為試驗后硫含量。 Before and after 1.2.3 sulfur content determination of sim

17、ulated acid rain environment, each district were collected approximately 200 g leaf samples, turbidimetric method determination of sulfur content in leaves ( 3 - 5 ) after drying using barium sulphate sol, plant sulfur absorption ability of W = ( C2-C1 ) / C1 * 100%. In C1 test, sulfur content, sulf

18、ur content of C2 test.葉片葉綠素相對含量的測定采用手持式型葉綠素儀測定葉片葉綠素的相對含量。每個小區選取株能反映小區整體顏色的植株（即剔除個別枯黃植株的影響）， HYPERLINK http:/www.mtjxc/ 羥丙基甲基纖維素用葉綠素儀測其頂端向下第三片成熟葉的值，每一葉片測個位點，取平均值作為該葉片的數值。 Determination of relative content of leaf chlorophyll 1.2.4 chlorophyll relative content determination using hand-held SPAD502 chl

19、orophyll meter. Each district selected 6 strains can reflect the overall color area of the plant (i.e., eliminating the influence of the individual and the plant ), the top down third mature leaves use chlorophyll meter SPAD value ( 6 ), each blade measuring 3 sites, and the average value as the leaf SPAD value ( 7 ).結果與分析 2 results and analysis綠地質量觀察 2.1 green quality observation模擬酸雨環境前，麥冬和草地早熟禾均表現為色澤濃綠，長勢良好，蓋度達到以上。在連續 噴灑二氧化硫溶液后，小區內的綠地質量有所下降，植物葉片色澤由深綠色變為深綠中略帶發黃，并有的葉片呈現枯黃色，葉片較噴灑二氧化硫溶液前更易折斷，蓋度也下降到。另外，綠地中還含有微弱的刺激性氣味，分析原因是噴灑的二氧化