1、直接引語變間接引語講義賓語直接引語一字不改引述別人的話間接引語用說話人的語言引述別人的話直接引語變間接引語主要體現(xiàn)在“四變”上，我們一起來細致的了解一下：一變：人稱變口訣：一主，二賓，三不變。一主：如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：I.She says, I like swimming.fShe says (that) she likes swimming.2.She said. My brother wants to go shopping with me.fShe said (that) her brother wanted to go

2、 shopping with her.二賓：若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人你所修飾，從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致；如果引號外的主句沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱。.He says, You are always the best.f He says (that) I am always the best. He said to Kate , How is your sister now? f He asked Kate how her sister was then.三不變：如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：.Mr. Smith s

3、aid, “Jack is a good boy.”fMr. Smith said (that) Jack was a good boy.He said, Her mother is an English teacher.fHe said （that） her mother is an English teacher.二變：時態(tài)變（對應的練習3階48、53頁）大變化在這里：如果主句的動詞是過去時態(tài)時，則間接引語中的時態(tài)作相應的改變 （通常是在直接引語的時態(tài)上加上一個過去時。）具體變化參照下表：時態(tài)變化參照表A一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時B現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時C現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時D一般過去時過去完成時

4、E過去完成時過去完成時F一般將來時過去將來時GCan,mayCould,mighte.g. A: He said , I am clever. f He said he was clever.B:They said, We are having class. fthey said they were having class.C:He said, I have had lunch . f He said he had had lunch .D:She said, I took all my books to school. fShe said she had taken all her boo

5、ks to school.E:Linda said, I had seen this film. f She said she had seen that film.F:He said, I will be a doctor in the future. He said he would be a doctor in the future.G:Nick said, I can speak English. f Nick said he could speak English. 注意：以下幾種特殊情況時態(tài)不變2當主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，直接引語變間接引語的時態(tài)保持不變，如I.She says,

6、I like to eat meat.（一般現(xiàn)在時） f She says she likes to eat meat.2. She says, I will get a job after graduation.（一般將來時）f She says she will get a job after graduation.3.She says, I have been to Shanghai twice.（現(xiàn)在完成時 ）f She says she has been to Shanghai twice.直接引語是客觀真理時。The teacher said The earth moves aro

7、und the sun .”fThe teacher said me the earth moves around the sun earth.直接引語是過去進行時，時態(tài)不變。Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”f Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him.直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種反復由現(xiàn)或習慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。如：He said, “I get up at six every morning。f He said he gets

8、up at six every morning.如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式不再變（如：could, should, would, might ）The doctor said, You should stay in bed for 2 days. f The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.三變：語序變（對應練習3階57頁）上面我們學習的直接引語部分是陳述句，語序不發(fā)生變化，當直接引語是3一般疑問句 時變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法：A.變主句中的謂語動詞，如果原句中主句的動詞是say/said要變成ask/askedB.要加上引導詞：

9、IF或whether（注意：與or或or not連用時，不用if,要用whether.）B.疑問語序變?yōu)?陳述語序（即主語在前，謂語在后）He said, “Are you interested in it? ”f He asked （me） if/whether I was interested in it.He said, “Do you like this film? ”H He asked if/whether I liked that film.He said to me, “Will you be free tomorrow? ”f He asked me if/whether I

10、 would be free the next day.“Do you like English or not? ” he asked me.f He asked me whether I liked English or not.當直接引語是特殊疑問句時變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法為：A.在主句的賓語后面加上特殊疑問詞（wh-）B.語序：疑問語序變?yōu)?陳述語序（即主語在前，謂語在后）“What do you want?” he asked me.f He asked me what I wanted.The teacher asked, “Why do you want to do that?”f T

11、he teacher asked uswhy I wanted to do that.She said, “Where have you been?”f She asked mewhere I had been.He asked me, “Which is the best?f He asked me which was the best.直接引語是 祈使句 變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法：間接引語應改為：4“tell (ask, order 等)sb (not) to do sth.”句型。I.She said, Don t talk.”f She asked /told the children no

12、t to talk.2.She said, “Be quiet.”f She asked/told me to be quiet.he said, “ Put up you hands if you have any questions.fShe asked/told us to put up our hands if we have any questions.Exercises:he said to me “ Why are you interested in science? ”She asked me interested in science.He asked him “when w

13、ill you buy the red coat? ”He asked him buy the red coat.Shirley asked me “Where were you born? ”Shirley asked me born.“ What s wrong with you? ” Lily asked me.Lily asked me with.The girl asked me“What happened?”The girl asked me.四變：時間狀語變當直接引語變間接引語時，如果主句的動詞是過去時態(tài)，則間接引語的時間狀語和一些特定的詞語也應作相應的改變：直接引語變間接引語中

14、的時間狀語的轉換規(guī)則tonightthat nightnowthentodaythat dayyesterdayThe day beforetomorrowthe next daylast week/month/year the week/moth/year beforenext week/month/y ear the next week/month/year ago.beforethe day after tomorrowtwo days later還有一些特定的詞語需要轉換（指K代詞，方向性的動詞）thisthatthesethosecomegobringtakeherethereove

15、r hereover thereExercises:“I never eat meat. ” he said.He said that never meat.I ve found my wallet. he said to me.He me that he wallet.“I took it home with me. she said.6She said that it home with her.The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west. The teacher said that the

16、sun in the east and down in thewest.“I met her yesterday. ” he said to me.He me that he met the day.“You must come here before five. ” he said.He said that I to go before five.“I bought the house 10 years ago. ” he said.He said that he bought the house 10 years.“Did you see her last week? ” he said.

17、He I had seen her the week.He said,“You can sit here, Jim. ”He Jim that he sit thereHe asked, “How did you find it, mother? ”He asked her mother found it.“Where have you been these days? ” he asked.He asked me been days.“Do you know where she lives? ” he asked.He asked knew where she.“Stop making so much noise, children. ” he said.He the children makin