1、1.BASICPHRASESGodmorgenGoodMorningGodnattGoodNightVers占snillPleaseJa/NeiYes/NoHvordanhardudet?Howareyou?Hvaheterdu?Whatsyourname?Hvorkommerdufra?Whereareyoufrom?Hvorbordu?Wheredoyoulive?Hvorgammelerdu?Howoldareyou?Snakkerdunorsk?DoyouspeakNorwegian?Hallo/GoddagHello/GoodDayHadetbraGoodbye(Tusen)Takk

2、Thankyou(verymuch)Herr/Fru/Fr0kenMister/MissesHvordangardet?Howitsgoing?Jegheter.Mynameis.(Iamcalled.)Jegerfra.Imfrom.Jegbori.Ilivein.Jegerar(gammel).Iamyears(old).Jegsnakkerengelsk.IspeakEnglish.svensk,dansk,fransk,italiensk,spansk,tysk,hollandsk,rysk,japanskSwedish,Danish,French,Italian,Spanish,Ge

3、rman,Dutch,Russian,JapaneseForstardu?Doyouunderstand?Jegforstarikke.Idontunderstand.GodkveldGoodEveningHei/HadetHi/ByeIngenarsak/VersagodDontmentionit/YourewelcomeVelkommen!Welcome!Bra/DarligGood/BadHyggeligatreffedeg!Pleasedtomeetyou!UnnskyldExcuseme/SorryJegvilgjerneha./Jegskullegjernehatt.Iwouldl

4、ike.Jegvetikke.Idontknow.SnakklangsomtSpeakslowlyHvaheter.panorsk?Howdoyousay.inNorwegian?Versasnillagjenta/VennligstgjentaPleaserepeatHvaerdette?Whatisthis?Hvorer.?Whereis.?Hvormyekosterdette?Howmuchdoesthiscost?JegersultenJegert0rstJegertrettImhungryImthirstyImtiredJegersykJegtrorikkedetKominn/hit

5、ImsickIdontthinksoComein/hereTaplassStans!/Stopp!Straks!Haveaseat.Stop!Immediately!/Soon!JeghargattmegbortHjelp!Fare!ImlostHelp!Danger!Passpa!Ventlitt!Hvorlangterdet?Watchout!Waitaminute!Howfarisit?Detvarsynd.Velbekomme!Skal!Thatstoobad!Haveagoodmeal!Cheers!(toast)Lykketil!Jegelskerdeg.Jegsavnerdeg.

6、Goodluck!Iloveyou.Imissyou.2.PRONUNCIATIONNorwegianletter(s)Englishsounddsilentatendofword;andin-ld,-nd,-rdigeeegayhsilentbeforeconsonants,suchasinhv-j,gj,hjyuh,asinyeskj,tjsh,butsofterandmorepalatalized(asinGerman)sj,skjshslshlki,ky,kei,k0ysh,butsofterandmorepalatalized(asinGerman)ski,sky,skei,sk0y

7、shgi,gy,gei,g0yyuhg+othervowelssk+othervowels-egn,-egl,-0gnngguhskgissilentnasalized,asinsingerandnotfingerahasincat0ay,butwithlipsroundedaawasinsawALPHABETaahhkkawuoohbbaylelvvaycsaymemwdobbel-vehddaynenxekseayooohyew(lipsrounded)fefppayzsetggayqkooah(asincat)hhawrair0ay(lipsrounded)ieesess0aawjyod

8、ttayNOUNS&CASESNounsinNorwegian(Bokmal)havetwogenders,masculineandneuter,whichadjectivesmustagreewithwhenmodifyingnouns.Technicallythereisathirdgender,feminine(whichNynorskretains),butsincefemininenounscanbewrittenasmasculinenouns,Imincludingfemininenounsinthemasculinecategory.Therearetwoindefinitea

9、rticlesthatcorrespondwiththesegenders:enformasculinenounsandetforneuternouns.Inthevocabularylists,anounfollowedby(n)meansthatitisaneuternounandittakestheindefinitearticleet.ThemajorityofnounsinNorwegianaremasculine,sotheytaketheindefinitearticleen.TheonlycaseofnounsthatisusedinNorwegianisthegenitive

10、(showingpossession),anditiseasilyformedbyaddingan-stothenoun.Thisiscomparabletoadding-sinEnglishtoshowpossession.However,ifthenounalreadyendsin-s,thenyouaddnothing(unlikeEnglishwhereweadd-or-s).Olavshus=OlavshouseARTICLES&DEMONSTRATIVESTherearetwoindefinitearticles(correspondingtoaandan):enandet.Eni

11、susedwithmostofthenouns(wordsdenotingpeoplealmostalwaysuseen),butyouwilljusthavetolearnwhicharticlegoeswithwhichnoun.Thedefinitearticle(the)isnotaseparatewordlikeinmostotherlanguages.Itissimplyaformoftheindefinitearticleattachedtotheendofthenoun.Notethatenwordsendinginavowelretainthatvowelandaddan-n

12、insteadofadding-en.Andetwordsendingin-ejustadd-t.Furthermore,thetofetasanindefinitearticleispronounced;however,thetissilentinthedefinitearticle-etattachedtothenoun.(Forfemininenouns,theindefinitearticleiseiandthedefinitearticlethatisattachedtothenounis-a.Intheory,thisgenderdoesstillexistinBokmal,but

13、inpractice,itisrarelyusedandthefemininenounsareinfleetedlikemasculinenouns,i.e.add-eninsteadof-aforthedefiniteform.)ArticlesIndefinitefiskenDefinitethefishenfiskafishenbakerabakerbakerenthebakerenhageagardenhagenthegardenEnwords(masculine)IndefiniteDefiniteetvinduawindowvinduetthewindowetbarnachildb

14、arnetthechildethusahousehusetthehouseEtwords(neuter)DemonstrativeAdjectivesmasculineneuterpluraldennedressenthissuitdetteskjerfetdisseskoenethisscarftheseshoesdendressendetskjerfetdeskoenethatsuitthatscarfthoseshoesNoticethatthenounthatfollowsademonstrativeadjectivemusthavethedefinitearticleattached

15、toit.(Thefeminineformofdemonstrativesisidenticaltothemasculine;denneandden.)SUBJECT&OBJECTPRONOUNSSubject&ObjectPronounsjegImegmeduyou(singular)degyouhanhehamhimhunshehenneherdenit(masc.)denitdetit(neut.)detitmanonemanoneviweossusdereyou(plural)dereyoudetheydemthemTOBE&TOHAVEThepresentandpasttenseso

16、fverbsinNorwegianareverysimpletoconjugate.Alltheformsarethesameforeachpersonalpronoun.TheinfinitiveoftheverbtobeinNorwegianisv*re,andtheconjugatedpresenttenseformiserandthepasttenseisvar.Theinfinitiveoftheverbtohaveisha,andtheconjugatedpresenttenseformisharandthepasttenseishadde.vere-tobeha-tohaveIa

17、mjegerIwasjegvarIhavejegharIhadjeghaddeyouaredueryouwereduvaryouhaveduharyouhadduhaddeheishanerhewashanvarhehashanharhehadhanhaddesheishunershewashunvarshehashunharshehadhunhaddeitisdeneritwasdenvarithasdenharithaddenhaddeitisdeteritwasdetvarithasdetharithaddethaddeoneismaneronewasmanvaronehasmanhar

18、onehadmanhaddewearevierwewerevivarwehaveviharwehadvihaddeyouaredereeryouwerederevaryouhavedereharyouhadderehaddetheyaredeertheyweredevartheyhavedehartheyhaddehaddeToformthefuturetenseofverbs,justaddskalbeforetheinfinitive.Jegskalvere=Iwillbe;hunskalha=shewillhave;etc.sometimes8.USEFULWORDSnoenganger

19、/avogtilalreadyalleredealwaysalltidperhapskanskjeneveraldribothbeggeoftenoftesomenoe(n)usuallyvanligvisagainigjennownabetweenmellomandogalot,manymye/mangebutmenofcourseselvf0lgelig/saklartorelleralittlelittveryveldig/svertnotatallikkeidetheletatt/slettesikke/overhodetikkehereheralmostnestentherederr

20、eally?virkelig?9.QUESTIONWORDSWhohvemHowhvordanWhathvaHowmuchhvormyeWhyhvorforHowmanyhvormangeWhennarHowlonghvorlengeWherehvorWherefromhvorfraWhichhvilken,hvilket,hvilkeWhatkindofhvaslagswithmedeachotherhverandreitisdeterthereis/aredetfinnesHvilkenisusedwithmasculinenouns,hvilketisusedwithneuternoun

21、s,andhvilkeisusedwithpluralnouns.10.CARDINAL&ORDINALNUMBERS0null1en,ett1stf0rste2to2ndannen,andre3tre3rdtredje4fire4thfjerde5fem5thfemte6seks6thsjette7sju7thsjuende8atte8thattende9ni9thniende10ti10thtiende11elleve11thellevte12tolv12thtolvte13tretten13thtrettende14fjorten14thfjortende15femten15thfemt

22、ende16seksten16thsekstende17sytten17thsyttende18atten18thattende19nitten19thnittende20tjue20thtjuende21tjueen,tjueett21sttjuef0rste22tjueto22ndtjueandre30tretti30thtrettiende40f0rti40thf0rtiende50femti50thfemtiende60seksti60thsekstiende70sytti70thsyttiende80atti80thattiende90nitti90thnittiende100hun

23、dre100thhundrede1,000tusen1,000thtusendemillionmillionbillionmilliardtrillionbillionSjucanalsobewritten”syv”(slightlymoreformal),andsjuende”as”syvende”Similarlytjuecanbetyve,butthisdoesseemlesscommonandmoreformal.11.DAYSOFTHEWEEKMondaymandagthismorningidagmorgesTuesdaytirsdagtomorrowmorningimorgenti

24、dligWednesdayonsdagtomorrowafternoonimorgenformiddagThursdaytorsdagtomorrownightimorgenkveldFridayfredagdayaftertomorrowiovermorgenSaturdayl0rdagtonightikveldSundayS0ndaglastnightigarkvelddaydagyesterdayigarmorningmorgendaybeforeyesterdayiforgarsafternoonettermiddagweekukeeveningkveldnextweeknestuke

25、nightnattweekendhelgtodayidagdailydagligtomorrowimorgenweeklyukentlig12.MONTHSOFTHEYEARJanuaryjanuarFebruaryfebruarMarchmarsAprilaprilMaymaiJunejuniJulyjuliAugustaugustSeptemberseptemberOctoberoktoberNovembernovemberDecemberdesembermonthmanedlastmonthforrigemanedmonthlymanedligyearar(n)thisyear0iarl

26、astyearifjoryearlyarlig13.SEASONSWintervinterin(the)winteromvinterenSpringvarin(the)springomvarenSummersommerin(the)summeromsommerenFallh0stin(the)fallomh0sten14.DIRECTIONSNorthnordNortheastnord0StSouthsydNorthwestnordvestEast0StSoutheastsyd0stWestveStSouthwestSydveSttotherighttilh0yretothelefttilve

27、nstrestraightaheadrettfram/fremFremisslightlymoreformalthanfram.15.COLORSorangeoransjepinkrosapurplelillabluebla,blatt,blayellowgul,gult,guleredr0d,r0dt,r0deblacksvart,svart,svartebrownbrun,brunt,brunegraygra,gratt,grawhitehvit,hvitt,hvitegreengr0nn,gr0nt,gr0nneThefirstthreecolorsdonotchangeaccordin

28、gtogenderornumbertoagreewiththenountheymodify.Therestofthecolorsmustagree,however,andtheyarelistedinmasculine,neuterandpluralforms:engr0nnkjole-agreendress;etblatthus-abluehouse;svartesokker-blacksocks16.TIMEWhattimeisit?Hvaerklokken?nownaItis2.Klokkenerto.earlytidlig6:20tjueoverseksearliertidligere

29、halfpast3halvfiresoonsnartquarterpast4kvartoverfirelatesentquarterto5kvartpafemlatersenere10past11tioverellevein10minutesomtiminutter20to7tjuepasjuin15minutesometkvarter17.WEATHERHowstheweather?Hvordanerveret?Whattemperatureisit?Hvormangegradererdet?ItscoldDeterkaldtItsfoggyDetertakeItswarmDetervarm

30、tThefogisliftingTakenletnerItsbeautifulDeterpentItssnowingDetsn0rItsbadDeterdarligItsrainingDetregnerItsclearingDetlysnerItsgoingtostormDetblistormItsicyDeteriseteTheresthunderDettordnerItswindyDetblaserThereslightningDetlynerItscloudyDeteroverskyetItsfreezing(coldasice)DeteriskaldtItshumid/muggyDet

31、erfuktigItshailingDethaglernoonmidnightinthemorningintheeveningItsexactly.About/around8.middagmidnattommorgenenomkveldeninahalfhourinanhourrightnowatonceDenern0yaktigimmediatelyomtrentatteAt8.omenhalvtimeomentimeakkuratnamedengangstraksklokkenatte18.FAMILYParentsforeldreNiecenieSeMothermorNephewnev0

32、FatherfarUncleonkelSonS0nnAunttanteDaughterdatterBoyguttBrotherbrorGirljente,pikeSisterS0SterChild/BabybarnGrandfatherbestefarAdultvokSenGrandmotherbeStemorManmannGrandsonbarnebarnWomankvinneGranddaughterbarnebarnFriend(male)vennCousin(male)fetterFriendfemale)venninneCousin(female)kuSineSomefamilywo

33、rdshaveirregularindefiniteplurals:m0dre(mothers),fedre(fathers),S0nner(sons),d0tre(daughters),br0dre(brothers),ands0stre(sisters)19.TOKNOWPEOPLE&FACTSkjenne-toknowpeoplevite-toknowfactspresentkjennervetpastkjentevisstefutureskalkjenneskalvite20.FORMATIONOFPLURALNOUNSMasculinenounsgenerallyadd-eror-rtotheindefinitesingularnountoformtheindefiniteplural,and-eneor-netoformthedefiniteplural.Thenamesofjobsendingin-eronlyadd-eand-neinthesecases.Neuternounsthataremorethanonesyllablefor