1、Lesson 29Control Systems IIDiesel Engine Bridge Control SystemI. Phrases: 1. three-term controller 2. a load limiting device 3. control position 4. sensor 5. error signal 6. adjust the fuel racks 7. a servo-mechanism 8. a check circuit 9. programmer 10. commensurate with 11. delay 12. direction of r

2、otation indicator 13. be / make aware of 14. stuffII. Analysis of long and difficult sentences:1. Desired value signals for engine r/min are transmitted from the bridge control position or engine room remote control position and compared with the measured value signal from a propeller shaft speed se

3、nsor, the difference between these two signals being the r/min deviation from the required. r/min: revolution per minute每分鐘轉數 desired value signals for engine r/min作主語，柴油機每分鐘轉數 are transmitted為被動語態，作謂語。 compared與transmitted并列。 from the bridge control position or engine room remote control position 介

4、詞短語作狀語，本短語譯為駕駛臺控制室或機艙集控室。 with the measured value signal from a propeller shaft speed sensor作狀語，與螺旋槳軸速度傳感器測得的轉速信號 these two signals refers to desired value signals and the measured value signal the difference between these two signals being the r/min deviation from the required為獨立主格結構。本短語可譯為兩者間的差就是與

5、給定值的轉數差。2. Electronic, electro-pneumatic, electro-hydraulic and pneumatic systems may be used for signal transmission and fuel rack operation. 信號的傳送及油門的操縱可用電動系統、電氣系統、電液系統以及氣動系統來實現。3. The lever is then moved in a vertical slot, the initial movement actuating the starting sequence on air and when a pr

6、e-set r/min has been reached the air is tripped and fuel applied. in a vertical slot:垂直方向的槽內。在本句中作地點狀語 in a horizontal slot:水平方向的槽內 本句是并列句，中間用and 連接。第一句為The lever is then moved in a vertical slot, the initial movement actuating the starting sequence on air ，第二句為when a pre-set r/min has been reached

7、the air is tripped and fuel applied. the initial movement actuating the starting sequence on air為獨立主格結構，譯文為：其初始動作是按起動順序進空氣when a pre-set r/min has been reached為時間狀語從句，譯為當達到預定轉數時。4. Subsequent movement of the lever operates a servo-mechanism which adjusts the speed setting lever on the engine and whi

8、ch is in turn connected to the governor.subsequent movement of the lever 操縱桿的隨后移動，在本句中作主語。operate 操縱，在本句中作謂語。a servo-mechanism 伺服機構，為賓語。which adjusts the speed setting lever on the engine 定語修飾a servo-mechanism伺服機構用于調節柴油機上的轉速設定桿which is in turn connected to the governor 作定語，修飾the speed setting lever,

9、譯文：轉速設定桿接下來又和調速器相連。5. The starting sequence is monitored by the interlock and check circuits shown, and a programmer, this allows the maximum acceleration to commensurate with safe operational requirements of the engine whilst manoeuvring but prevents engine overloading.the interlock, check circuits

10、, a programmer三個并列，用and連接，作by的賓語。allows the maximum acceleration to commensurate with safe operational requirements of the engine: allow sb./sth.to do sth.使最大加速與 柴油機安全運轉的要求相適應whilst manoeuvring：while manoeuvring,作時間狀語，在操縱時。prevents engine overloading與allows the maximum acceleration to commensurate w

11、ith safe operational requirements of the engine whilst manoeuvring 并列，用了but連接。prevent sb./ sth. (from) doing sth.:防止某人或某物做某事prevents engine overloading:防止柴油機超負荷。6. It also programmes the increase in power when moving from Full Ahead to Full Away, guarding against excessive power demands and propelle

12、r cavitation and critical speed slipping. programme: Vt.為編制程序，使按程序工作 programmes the increase in power :使功率的增加按程序進行。Full Ahead:全速前進 Full Away: 定速運行 excessive power demands ，propeller cavitation， critical speed slipping為三個并列的成分，有and 連接。 guarding against excessive power demands ，propeller cavitation， c

13、ritical speed slipping：避免功率超過額定值，螺旋槳出現空泡現象超越臨界轉數。7. Bridge instrumentation will vary according to the desires of the ship owner and manufacturer, but is required to include r/min indicator,direction of rotation indicator and starting air pressure, whilst for unattended machinery space vessels, an em

14、ergency stop control system independent of the bridge control system is required. according to the desires of the ship owner and manufacturer:根據船舶主人與制造商的要求，在本句中作狀語。The subject of the second sentence is also “bridge instrumentation”, so the full sentence is: but bridge instrumentation is required to

15、include r/min indicator, direction of rotation indicator and starting air pressure:但駕駛臺指示儀表必須含有轉數指示器、轉向指示器和起動空氣壓力表。 Here “whilst” is a conjunction which connects the first two sentences with the last one. “for unattended machinery space vessels” is an adverbial. In Chinese:至于無人機艙 “independent of the

16、 bridge control system” is an attributive which modifies “an emergency stop control system”. And the Chinese translation for this subject is : 獨立于駕駛臺控制系統的應急停車控制系統8. Also the bridge watchkeeper must be made aware of any machinery fault, that the fault is being attended to and that it has been rectifi

17、ed. make sb.aware of / that:使某人意識到 of any machinery fault, that the fault is being attended to, that it has been rectified,這三個并列，用and連接。 attend to:照料，注意全句譯為：還必須使駕駛臺值班人員意識到發生的任何機械故障，包括正在檢修的和已經排除的故障。9. There should be two means of communication between the bridge and main control station in the machin

18、ery space, one to be independent of the main electrical power supply. between the bridge and main control station in the machinery space:在駕駛臺和機艙的主控臺之間 in the machinery space 作定語修飾main control station There should be two means of communication between the bridge and main control station in the machinery space本句為“there be”句型。在駕駛臺和機艙的主控臺之間應有兩種聯系方式。 one to be independent of the main electrical power supply “one” refers to “one means of communication” 一種必須獨立于主電源系統Questions1. What may be used for signal transmission and fuel rack operation?2. How is the direction of rotation requi