1、2022/7/251詞的翻譯詞類的轉換詞的增譯和省譯重復法2022/7/252詞類的轉換英漢兩種語言在詞匯的使用上有很大不同。漢語多使用動詞，科技英語多使用名詞；英語有許多名詞派生的動詞，及由名詞轉用的動詞；漢語里形容詞可做謂語，英語里形容詞只能用作定語詞類轉換主要分為以下幾種情況：轉譯成漢語動詞轉譯成漢語名詞轉譯成 漢語形容詞轉譯成漢語副詞2022/7/253名詞轉譯成漢語動詞一些含有動作意義的名詞可以轉譯成動詞，如attempt，use，support，love；或是由動詞派生出來的名詞，如arrangement，acquaintance, operation, arrival等。The

2、flow of electrons is from the negative zinc plate to the positive copper plate. 電子從負極流向正極I have no objection to your plan. 我不反對你們的計劃2022/7/254形容詞轉譯成漢語動詞一些表示心理活動、心理狀態和含有動詞意義的形容詞常常可以轉譯成漢語動詞。如：aware，ignorant，careful，familiar，available等。It is desirable to transform high voltage into low voltage by means

3、 of a transformer in an AC system. 我們希望通過交流系統中的變壓器把高壓電變為低壓電。We should be aware of the whole circumstances. 我們應該摸清(掌握)全部情況2022/7/255介詞轉譯成漢語動詞英語中很多介詞在古英語中曾是動詞。在翻譯時也常把它們轉譯成漢語的動詞。The letter E is commonly used for electromotive force. 通常用字母E表示電動勢In any machine, input work equals output plus work done aga

4、inst friction. 任何機器的輸入功都等于輸出功加上克服摩擦力所做的功2022/7/256動名詞轉譯成漢語動詞Changing the resistance is a method of controlling the flow of current. 改變電阻是控制電路中電流流動的一種方法The causes of these failures are far from clearing. 這些故障的原因遠沒有弄清楚2022/7/257動詞轉譯成漢語名詞 Neutrons act differently from protons. 中子的作用不同于質子An electron or

5、an atom behaves in some ways as though it were a group of waves. 電子或原子的性狀多少有點像一組波2022/7/258代詞轉譯成漢語名詞The voltage induced in the core is small, because it is essentially a winding having but one turn.鐵芯的感應電壓小，因為鐵芯實質上是一個只有一匝的繞組This means the permittivity of oil is greater than that of air.這就意味著油的介電系數大于

6、空氣的介電系數2022/7/259形容詞轉譯成漢語名詞Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives a picture.電視和無線電的區別在于電視發送和接收的是圖像A body that recovers completely and resumes its original dimensions is said to be perfectly elastic.能完全恢復并復原到原始尺寸的物體稱為完全彈性體2022/7/2510副詞轉譯成漢語名詞Such magnetism, because it is ele

7、ctrically produced, is called electromagnetism.由于這種磁性產生于電，所以稱為電磁.The device is shown schematically in Fig 2.圖2是這種裝置的簡圖2022/7/2511名詞轉譯成漢語形容詞Thus, the addition of the inductor prevents the current from building up or going down quickly.這樣，增加的電感器阻止電流的快速增長或下降The electric conductivity has great importanc

8、e in selecting electrical materials. 在選擇電氣材料時導電性是很重要的。2022/7/2512副詞轉譯成漢語形容詞Gases conduct best at low pressure.氣體在低壓下導電性能最佳 This communication system is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of operation.這種通訊系統的主要特點是操作簡單2022/7/2513動詞轉譯成漢語形容詞Light waves differ in frequency just as sound waves do.同聲波

9、一樣，光波也有不同的頻率2022/7/2514轉譯成漢語副詞The language allows a concise expression of arithmetic and logic processes.這種語言能簡要地表達算術和邏輯過程The added device will ensure accessibility for part loading and unloading.增添這種裝置將保證工件裝卸方便2022/7/2515詞義的增減英漢兩種語言的表達方式是不同的。在句子結構不完整，含義不明確或詞匯概念不清晰時，就需要對語意加以補足。而如果有些詞在譯文中不言而喻，就要省略一些不

10、必要的詞，使得譯文更加簡煉，嚴謹。增譯根據語義根據原文語法概念根據漢語表達習慣省譯：冠詞、介詞、動詞、代詞、連詞、同義或近義詞2022/7/2516根據語義增譯原文如果無其詞，但有其義時，翻譯時應該增加相應的詞語。The molecules get closer and closer with the pressure.隨著壓力的增加，分子越來越接近Glass is fragile, therefore it should be handled carefully.因為玻璃易碎，所以要輕拿輕放。2022/7/2517根據原文語法概念而增譯英語的名詞復數，動詞時態、語氣和連詞等概念可以通過增譯在

11、漢語中體現出來。After watching for years, he discovered important phenomena.觀察數年之后（經過數年的觀察），他發現了許多重要的現象。Had we known it in time, we would have prevented the accident.要是我們及時知道那件事，事故本來可以防止的。2022/7/2518根據原文語法概念而增譯(續)Were there no electric pressure in a conductor, the electron flow would not take place in it.導體

12、內如果沒有電壓，就不會產生電子流動現象If they should not get the data, they would not know and solve the problem.如果他們沒有得到這些數據，他們就不可能弄明白這個問題，更不能解決這個問題。2022/7/2519為符合漢語表達習慣而增譯These motors are expensive, but good.這批馬達很貴，但質量很好2022/7/2520詞的省譯英語句子中需要的詞，漢語句子中不一定需要。為使譯文符合漢語的表達習慣，應將一些漢語中不該出現的詞省略不譯，這就是所謂的省譯法。英語中的冠詞、代詞和連詞在譯文中往往可

13、以省略。在某些情況下，介詞、動詞，名詞也可以省譯同義詞或近義詞的省譯2022/7/2521省譯冠詞冠詞：a, an, theA transistor is a device controlling the flow of electricity in a circuit晶體管是在電路中控制電流的器件Hence the unit of electric current is the ampere.因此，電流的單位是安培2022/7/2522省譯代詞代詞：one, this, that, these, those One can never be too careful in ones work.

14、工作越仔細越好If you permit the current to flow longer, more heat will be produced.電流通過的時間越長，產生的熱量越多2022/7/2523省譯連詞Early people got up at sunrise and went to bed at sunset.古人日出而作，日落而息。 Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。2022/7/2524省譯介詞On May 2 , he had an experiment on this kind circuit.5月2號，他就這

15、種電路做了個實驗This light bulb has a resistance of 120 ohms.這個燈泡電阻為120歐姆2022/7/2525省譯動詞This diode produces about nine times more radiant power than that one. 這只二極管的放射功率比那只大八倍Copper wire allows a larger current to flow than does iron wire與鐵絲相比，銅絲能通過的電流更大。2022/7/2526省譯名詞This method is the most widely used me

16、thod of P-N junction formation in the fabrication of function electric blocks. 在制造功能塊時，最廣泛使用的便是這種P- N 結形成方法。2022/7/2527省譯同義或近義詞The mechanical energy can be changed backed into electrical energy by means of a generator or dynamo.通過發電機可把機械能再轉變成電能Insulators in reality conduct electricity but, neverthel

17、ess, their resistance is very high.絕緣體實際上也導電，只是其電阻相當高而已。2022/7/2528重復法為使譯文更加生動、有力，常常會在譯文中重復重要或關鍵性的詞語，稱為重復法。重復法不同于增譯法：增譯法是根據需要增補新的詞語重復法是在重復原文中已出現過的詞語重復譯法主要有以下幾種情況：名詞的重復動詞的重復代詞的重復根據漢語表達需要重復2022/7/2529名詞的重復The weight of a neutron is about the same as a proton.中子的重量和質子的重量差不多相等The three most important ef

18、fects of an electric current are beating, magnetic and chemical effects.對電流來說，三種最重要的效應是熱效應、磁效應和化學效應2022/7/2530動詞的重復All bodies consist of molecules and these of atoms.一切物體都是由分子組成，而分子又是由原子組成的。We can turn electric energy into light energy as well as into heat energy.我們不但能把電能轉化為光能，也能轉化為熱能。2022/7/2531代詞的重復People like drinking green tea and it is helpful to human health.人們喜歡喝綠茶，綠茶對人的健康有益You can take whiche