1、 名詞解釋：1)Bank holding company（銀行(ynhng)控股公司）A bank holding company is simply a corporation chartered for the purpose of holding the stock (equity shares)of at least one bank,often along with other businesses.（一家銀行控股公司(kn n s)只是租用了持有至少一家銀行的股票（股權(quán)），常與其他企業(yè)為目的的公司。） 2)Financial holding companies（金融(jnrng)控

2、股公司）Financial holding companies are defined as a special type of holding company that may offer the broadest range of financial services,including dealing in and underwriting securities and underwriting insurance（金融控股公司被定義為一種特殊類型的控股公司可能提供最廣泛的金融服務(wù)，包括交易和承銷的證券和承銷保險。）Unused commitments（未使用承諾）unused comm

3、itments,in which a lender receives a fee to lend up to a certain amount of money over a defined period of time ;however,these funds have not yet been transferred from lender to borrower.（未使用的承諾，其中貸款人收取一定費用，以貸款達到一定數(shù)額的錢超過規(guī)定的時間;然而，這些資金尚未轉(zhuǎn)移，從貸款人借款。）Standby credit agreements（備用信貸協(xié)議）Standby credit agreeme

4、nts,in which a financial firm receives a fee to guarantee repayment of a loan that a customer has receives from another lender（備用信貸協(xié)議，其中金融公司收取一定費用，以保證還款的客戶有來自另一個貸款人收到借款。）.Liquidity risk（流動性風(fēng)險）The danger of running out of cash when cash is needed to cover deposit withdrawals and to meet credit reques

5、ts from good customers.（用完現(xiàn)金時需要現(xiàn)金支付存款提取和滿足優(yōu)質(zhì)客戶的信貸要求的危險。）Interest rate risk（利率風(fēng)險）The danger that revenues from earning assets will decline or that interest expenses will risk,squeezing the spread between revenues and expenses and thereby reducing net income.（危險的收入來自生息資產(chǎn)會下降，或者利息費用將風(fēng)險，擠壓的收入和支出，從而減少凈利潤之

6、間的差額。）Camels rating（駱駝評級）Capital adequacy 資本充足率 earning record 盈利記錄 asset quality 資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量 liquidity position流動性狀況Management quality 管理質(zhì)量 sensitivity to market risk敏感的市場風(fēng)險The Cs of creditThis usually involves a detailed study of the critical aspects of a loan application :character,capacity, cash collat

7、eral,control and conditions.all of the Cs of credit must be satisfactory for the loan to be a good one from the lenders point of view.這通常涉及的貸款申請的關(guān)鍵方面的詳細(xì)研究：性格，能力，現(xiàn)金抵押，控制和條件.所有的信貸Cs必須是令人滿意的貸款是從看貸款人的角度來看是好的。簡答題：Funds management strategy（資金(zjn)管理策略）management should exercise as much control as possible

8、 over the volume,mix,and return or cost of both assets and liabilities in order to achieve the financial institutions goals（.管理層應(yīng)該行使盡可能多的控制(kngzh)盡可能多的體積，混合，以達到金融機構(gòu)的目標(biāo)回報或資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債的成本）Managements control over assets must be coordinated with its control over liabilities so that asset management and liabil

9、ity management are internally consistent and do not pull against each other .effective coordination in managing assets and liabilities will help to maximize the spread between revenues and costs and control risk exposure.（管理的控制權(quán)的資產(chǎn)必須協(xié)調(diào)(xitio)與控制負(fù)債，使資產(chǎn)管理和負(fù)債管理的內(nèi)部一致，不反對在管理資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債相互協(xié)調(diào)。有效拉動，將有助于最大限度地提高收入和成

10、本之間的價差控制風(fēng)險。） Revenues and costs arise from both sides of the balance sheet(i.e.from both asset and liability accounts).management policies need to be developed that maximize returns and minimize costs from supplying services.（收入和成本產(chǎn)生于資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表（i.e from資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債賬戶）。管理政策需要雙方進行開發(fā)的收益最大化，并盡量減少提供服務(wù)的成本） Gaping met

11、hods（填補缺口的方法） management must choose the time period during which the net interest margin (NIM) is to be managed (e.g.six methods or one year) to achieve some desired value and the length of subperiods (“maturity buckets”)into which the planning period is to be divided.(管理層必須選擇的時間段，在此期間的凈息差（NIM）是管理（

12、e.g.six方法或一年），以實現(xiàn)一些理想值和子周期的長度（“到期桶”）進入該規(guī)劃期要被分割)Management must choose a target level for the net interest margin-that is ,whether to freeze the margin roughly where it is or perhaps increase the NIM.管理層必須選擇適合的凈息差目標(biāo)水平 - 也就是，是否要凍結(jié)保證金大約在那里或者提高凈息差I(lǐng)f management wishes to increase the NIM ,it must either

13、develop a correct interest rate forecast or find ways to reallocate earning assets and liabilities to increase the spread between interest revenues expenses.如果管理層希望增加的凈息差，就必須要么建立一個正確的加息預(yù)期，或想辦法重新分配生息資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債，以增加利息收入支出之間的價差Management must determine the volume of interest sensitive assets and interest sen

14、sitive liabilities it wants the financial firm to hold.管理層必須確定利率敏感性資產(chǎn)和利率敏感性負(fù)債就是了金融公司持有的音量The ultimate standard for assessing liquidity needs:signals from the marketplace. （評估流動性的最終標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要：市場信號 ） public confidence公眾信心 2)stock price behavior股票價格行為 3)risk premiums on CDs再CD上的風(fēng)險溢價4）loss sales of assets流失(l

15、ish)銷售資產(chǎn) 5)meeting commitments 會議承諾 6)borrowing from the central bank從央行借款I(lǐng)f the answer to any of the foregoing questions is yes ,management needs to take a close look at its liquidity management policies and practices to determine whether changes are needed.如果答案(d n)為任何上述問題是肯定的，管理層需要仔細(xì)看看它的流動性管理政策和做

16、法，以確定是否需要改變。 Factors in choosing among the different sources of reserves.（儲備的不同來源之間的選擇(xunz)因素。）immediacy of need 即時需要2)duration of need 時間需要 3)access to the market for liquid funds.進入市場的流動資金relative costs and risks of alternative sources of funds相對成本和其他資金來源的風(fēng)險 5)the interest rate outlook.利率前景outloo

17、k for central bank monetary policy展望央行貨幣政策 Rules and regulations applicable to a liquidity（.規(guī)則和規(guī)定適用于流動性）Tasks performed by capital（任務(wù)完成資本）provides a cushion against risk of failure.提供了針對故障風(fēng)險的緩沖 2)provides funds to help institutions get started.提供資金，以幫助機構(gòu)上手promotes public confidence (credit crisis 20

18、07-2009 showed importance)促進公眾的信心（信 貸危機顯示，2007-2009年的重要性）Provides funds for growth 提供資金增長 5)role in growth of bank mergers銀行并購的發(fā)展中的作用 6）regulatory tool to limit risk exposure 監(jiān)管工具來限制風(fēng)險敞口 7)protects the governments deposit insurance system. 保護政府的存款保險制度Types of loans 貸款種類real estate loans 房地產(chǎn)貸款2)finan

19、cial institution loans 金融機構(gòu)貸款 3)agricultural loans 農(nóng)業(yè)貸款commercial and industrial loans商業(yè)和工業(yè)貸款 5)loans to individuals個人貸款miscellaneous loans include all loans not listed above, including securities loans.其他貸款包括上面沒有列出所有的貸款，包括證券貸款Lease financing receivables融資租賃應(yīng)收款. 7、Loan workouts 處理不良資產(chǎn)The process of

20、resolving a troubled loan so the bank can recover its funds. 解決一個困擾的貸款使銀行可以收回其資金的過程coal is to maximize full recovery of funds 煤炭是最大限度的資金完全恢復(fù)Rapid detection and reporting of problems is essential.問題的快速檢測和報告是必不可少的Loan workout should be separate from lending function.貸款的鍛煉應(yīng)該是獨立于貸款的功能Should consult with

21、 customer quickly on possible options.應(yīng)客戶迅速就可能的選項咨詢Estimate resources available to collect on loan .可收集關(guān)于貸款的估計資源conduct tax and litigation search.進行稅務(wù)(shuw)和訴訟的搜索 Evaluate quality and competence of management.質(zhì)量評估(pn )和管理能力Consider all reasonable alternatives.考慮所有(suyu)合理的替代方案.The loan officer can s

22、hed light on such critical areas in business lending as a borrowing customers :ability to control expenses有能力控制開支 2)operating efficiency in using resources to generate sales.運營效率利用資源，產(chǎn)生銷售marketability of product line產(chǎn)品線的市場化 4)coverage that earnings provide over of financing cost.報道說收益提供了融資成本liquidit

23、y position, indicating the availability of ready cash.流動性狀況，顯示現(xiàn)錢的可用性Track record of profitability.追蹤盈利紀(jì)錄 7)financial leverage.財務(wù)杠桿 8)contingent liabilities.或有負(fù)債.Planning to meet capital needs 規(guī)劃以滿足資金需求:Raising capital internally內(nèi)部籌集資金dividend policy股利政策 2)internal capital growth rate.內(nèi)部資本增長率Raising

24、capital externally外部籌集資金selling common stock 賣出普通股 2)selling preferred stock 賣出優(yōu)先股 3)issuing debt capital .發(fā)行債務(wù)資本selling assets and leasing facilities.出售資產(chǎn)和租賃設(shè)施 5)swapping stock for debt securities.交換股票債券choosing the best alternative for raising outside capital.選擇最好的替代資金境外募集10、 these five categories

25、 describe how well capitalized each U.S depository institution is這五大類介紹如何以及資本每個美國存款機構(gòu)被：well capitalized資本良好a ratio of capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 10 percent資本到至少10的加權(quán)風(fēng)險資產(chǎn)的比率a ratio of Tier 1 (or core) capital to risk weighted assets of at least 6 percent一級（或核心）資本比率的風(fēng)險至少6的加權(quán)資產(chǎn)a levera

26、ge ratio (Tier 1 capital to average total assets ) of at least 5 percent至少5的杠桿率（一級資本，以平均總資產(chǎn)）adequately capitalized資本充足a minimum ratio of capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8 percent資本的至少8的加權(quán)風(fēng)險資產(chǎn)的最小比率a ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 4 percent一級資本到至少4的風(fēng)險加權(quán)資產(chǎn)的比例a l

27、everage ratio of at least 4 percent杠桿比率至少4undercapitalized資本不足that fails to meet one or more of the capital minimums for an adequately capitalized institution is considered undercapitalized and is subject to a variety of regulatory restrictions.不符合一個最低資本為資本充足的機構(gòu)被認(rèn)為是資金不足或更多，受到的各種法規(guī)限制significantly und

28、ercapitalized顯著資本(zbn)不足a ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of less than 6 percent總資本的不到(b do)6的風(fēng)險加權(quán)資產(chǎn)的比例a Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of under 3 percent第1級資本在3的風(fēng)險(fngxin)加權(quán)資產(chǎn)的比例a leverage ratio average of less than 3 percent杠桿比率平均不到3critically undercapitalized嚴(yán)重資本不足rat

29、io of tangible equity capital to total assets its 2 percent or less有形股本的比例占總資產(chǎn)的2或更低論述題1、Questions regulators usually ask the organizers of new（De novo）bank問題監(jiān)管通常會問新（從頭）銀行主辦方what are the population and geographic boundaries of the primary service area（PSA）from which the new financial firm is expected

30、 to generate most of its loans and deposits?什么是主要的服務(wù)區(qū)域（PSA）從中新金融公司預(yù)計將產(chǎn)生大部分的貸款和存款的人口和地域界限？how many competing banks , thrifts , credit unions , finance companies , and other competitors are located within the service area of the proposed new financial institution?有多少競爭的銀行，儲蓄機構(gòu)，信用社，財務(wù)公司，以及其他的競爭對手都位于提出了

31、新的金融機構(gòu)的服務(wù)范圍內(nèi)？what are the number , types , and sizes of businesses in the area?什么是數(shù)量，類型和企業(yè)在該地區(qū)的大小？what are the traffic patterns in the area ,adequacy of roads and geographic barriers to the flow of traffic?什么是在該地區(qū)的交通模式，道路和地理障礙的交通流是否充足？What is happening to population growth ,incomes ,types of occupat

32、ions represented educational levels , and the age distribution of residents in the proposed service area?什么是發(fā)生在人口增長，收入類型代表教育水平的職業(yè)，而居民提出的服務(wù)區(qū)的年齡分布？the organizers often are asked to describe the financial history of the community served , the frequency with which new financial firms have appeared and t

33、heir track record.主辦方往往被要求描述社會的金融服務(wù)的歷史，與新的金融機構(gòu)出現(xiàn)的頻率和他們的記錄。who is own any stock issued?誰是自己發(fā)出的任何股票？how experienced are the organizers , management , and the board of directors of the new institution?如何有經(jīng)驗的組織者，管理和新機構(gòu)的董事會what are the organizers projections for deposits , loans , revenues, operating exp

34、enses , and net income for the first few years?什么是組織者的預(yù)測存款，貸款，收入，經(jīng)營費用和凈利潤的第幾年？2、Loan review貸款審查:carrying out review of all types of loan on a periodic basisfor example , routinely examining the largest loans outstanding every 30,60or90days,along with a random sample of smaller loans.開展審查各類貸款的定期，例如，定

35、期檢查最大的貸款余額每30,60或者90天，隨著小額貸款的隨機樣本。structuring the loan review process careful to make sure the most important features of each loan review process careful to make important features of each loan are checked , including構(gòu)建了貸款審查過程中謹(jǐn)慎，以確保(qubo)每筆貸款審查過程中謹(jǐn)慎地使每筆貸款的重要特征的最重要的功能檢查，包括:the record of borrower payments to ensure the customer is not falling behind the planned repayment schedule.借款人支付的記錄，以確保客戶不屬于(shy)規(guī)劃還款進度落后the quality and condition of any collateral pledged behind the loan.任何抵押品的質(zhì)量(zhling)和條件質(zhì)押貸款的后面the completeness of loan documentation to make sure the lender has acc