1、本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）英文翻譯畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目：基于全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)GPS的軟件開發(fā)學(xué) 院： 專業(yè)班級： 學(xué)生姓名： 指導(dǎo)教師： 2008年 4月 7日Deploying Wireless Java Applicationsby Qusay H. MahmoudOctober 2002 Developers usually build, test, and evaluate an application on a platform similar to the one on which it will be deployed and run. Development of wireless Jav

2、a applications is more challenging because they typically are developed on one platform (such as Solaris or MS Windows) but deployed on a totally different one (such as a cell phone or PDA). One consequence is that, while emulators enable developers to do some of their testing on the development pla

3、tform, ultimately they must test and evaluate the application in the very different environment of a live wireless network. The aim of this article is to show you the different ways you can download local and network applications to J2ME-enabled devices, for both testing and final deployment. After

4、a brief review of wireless Java applications and their development life-cycle, the article shows you how to: Deploy wireless applications remotely Download local and remotely deployed applications Download applications over the air Wireless Java ApplicationsWireless Java applications fall into two b

5、road categories: Local applications (also called stand-alone applications) perform all their operations on a handheld wireless device and need no access to external data sources through a wireless network. Examples include calculators and single-player games. Network applications consist of some com

6、ponents running on a wireless device and others running on a network, and thus depend on access to external resources. An example would be an email application, with a client residing on a wireless phone that interacts with a Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server to send messages. Although the

7、se two types of applications are different, they are deployed in the same way. The big difference shows up later: Local applications are easier to test than network applications. For example, a calculator application can run on a wireless phone even when it is not connected to any network, but an em

8、ail client wont work without a connection to the SMTP server that actually transmits the messages. Wireless Java Applications Development LifecycleThe development life-cycle of MIDlets and other wireless Java applications comprises three steps: Write the application. Use your favorite HYPERLINK :/de

9、velopers.sun /mobility/allsoftware/ l midpdev wireless application development environment and tools to develop the application. My favorite is the HYPERLINK :/java.sun /products/j2mewtoolkit/ J2ME Wireless Toolkit. It has a simple and intuitive user interface that makes it easy to start developing

10、wireless applications. More importantly, it includes several emulators for testing your applications. (Some of what follows will assume you use this toolkit too. If you use another development environment, youll have to adapt what you read here to that environment.) Test the application in an emulat

11、ion environment. Once the application compiles nicely, the best place to begin testing it is an emulator. The J2ME Wireless Toolkit comes with several, including Motorola i85s, PalmOS device, and RIM Blackberry. It is important to note, however, that these emulators do not simulate perfectly all of

12、the features of the corresponding devices. They are merely skins with the appropriate dimensions, so the following step is crucial.Download the application to a physical device and test it. Once you are happy with the applications performance on one or more emulators, download it to a real device an

13、d test it there. If its a network application, test it on a live wireless network to ensure that its performance is acceptable. This articles focus is on that last step: deploying and testing the application on a physical device. Deploying and Running Remote ApplicationsThe J2ME Wireless Toolkit ena

14、bles you to run your local wireless application from within the development environment; the JAD and JAR files are available on your own system (if youre using the J2ME Wireless Toolkit, in /apps/YourProject/bin). If you wish to market your wireless applications, however, you need to deploy them whe

15、re users from all over the world can access them. Remote DeploymentTo deploy your wireless applications remotely: Upload your application files (JAD and JAR) to a remote web server. If your project is named games, for instance, upload the files: and from the bin directory of your project home (for e

16、xample, /apps/games/bin). Note that the two files must end up in the same directory on the server.Reconfigure the web server so that it recognizes JAD and JAR files: For the JAD file type, set the file extension to .jad and the MIME type to . For the JAR file type, set the file extension to .jar and

17、 the MIME type to application/java-archive. How you configure the web server depends on which one youre using. For example, if youre using Tomcat, make sure your file includes the following lines: jad text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor jar application/java-archiveChange your JAD files MIDlet-Jar-URL p

18、roperty to specify the URL of your JAR file. For example, in the copy of you uploaded to the server, change. .to. Running Remotely Deployed ApplicationsTo see whether your application deployed correctly, open an ordinary web browser and enter the JAD files URL. The J2ME Wireless Toolkits default emu

19、lator should appear and the remotely deployed application should run in it.J2ME-enabled devices (the Motorola/Nextel i85s, for example) include a Java Application Manager (JAM) responsible for downloading, installing, and configuring applications. The J2ME Wireless Toolkit includes a sample JAM you

20、can run in the default emulator. To see how the user will download and manage your application, open a command prompt, change the current directory to /bin, and enter the command: emulator -Xjam The emulator appears and you see the JAMs main screen. In version of the toolkit, the main screen looks l

21、ike this: Figure 1: The J2ME Wireless Toolkit Java Application Managers Main Screen Select the Install soft button and you will be prompted for the applications URL, as shown in Figure 2. Enter the URL of a web page that contains a hyperlink to the applications JAD file.Figure 2: Entering the URL fo

22、r the Applications JAD File Entering a long URL into a wireless phone is inconvenient. A faster and easier way to get started is to use a command in this form: Without further entry, the JAM downloads the JAR file specified in the JAD file and installs the application. The next time you start the em

23、ulator, simply select the JAMs Menu button, then use the menu to run the application, remove it, or perform the other functions shown in Figure 3: Figure 3: The JAMs Main Menu It is important to note that this syntax allows you to install only one MIDlet at a time. Entering a URL allows you to view

24、a web page that may contain several MIDlets you can choose from. As an example, consider the following HTML file () that contains links to three JAD files:MidletsDownload midlets:Games.jadCalc.jadBrowser.jadThank you.t is important to note that the hyperlinks point to the applications JAD file. Now,

25、 enter the URL into the install window as shown in Figure 4. (The IP address is equivalent to localhost.)Figure 4: Entering a URL in the Install WindowThe JAM reads the HTML doccument (), parses the hyperlinks, and displays a list of MIDlets you can download: Figure 5: Links to Downloadable MIDlets

26、Now you can select a MIDlet to download. The JAM reads the JAD file to discover whether the device is capable of handling the application. If so, it downloads and installs the JAR file specified in the JAD file. Once the games MIDlet is downloaded and installed, you will see a display similar to Fig

27、ure 6. Note that games.jad is the MIDlet suite that comes with the J2ME Wireless ToolkitFigure 6: The MIDlet Suite of Games Downloaded and Installed The JAM is smart enough to notify you if you try to install a MIDlet thats already on your device, as in FIgure 7. It will, however, allow you to downl

28、oad an updated version of the MIDlet.Figure 7: Warning That MIDlet Is Already Installed Deploying and Running Applications on Physical DevicesDeploying and running applications in an emulation environment is a very good way to test the logic and flow of your application generally, but you wont be ce

29、rtain it will satisfy users until you test it on a real physical device connected to a wireless network. Your applications performance may be stunning in the emulator, which has all the processing power and memory of your desktop machine at its command, but will it perform well on the handheld devic

30、e, with its limited memory and processing power, low bandwidth, and other constraints? To perform realistic tests you need a J2ME-enabled physical device, and a data cable to connect it to your desktop. For this article.I used a Motorola/Nextel i85s cell phone, available from HYPERLINK :/nextelonlin

31、e.nextel /NASApp/onlinestore/Action/PhoneLanding?initstate=true&redirect=false Nextel, which offers several models and rate plans. Deploying Local ApplicationsIf you have a Motorola J2ME-enabled phone, you can download stand-alone applications using the HYPERLINK :/idenphones.motorola /iden/develope

32、r/developer_tools_jal.jsp Motorola Java Application Loader Lite (JAL Lite). Note that JAL Lite limits filename lengths to 16 characters, and expects an applications JAD and JAR files to be in the same directory. Connect the phone to your desktop and start JAL Lite on your desktop. Youll see a window

33、 like the one in Figure 8: Figure 8: Motorola JAL Lite The application displays the MIDlets already installed on the device. To install a new application, click on the Connect button, then the Download button. The application loader lets you browse your hard disk and select a JAD file. As soon as yo

34、u do, it begins downloading the application and displays a progress indicator as shown in Figure 9: Figure 9: JAL Lite Downloading an Application to the Phone Once the download is complete, click on the Disconnect button, and disconnect the phone from the data cable. When you browse through the Java

35、 applications available on the phone, you should see the application you just downloaded. Select it and you will be asked if you wish to install it. If you answer yes, the application will be installed and you can start using it. The application remains on the phone until you explicitly remove it. B

36、uying and Deploying Remote ApplicationsYou can use JAL Lite and the data cable to download local applications to a wireless phone fromyour desktop, including freely available applications you first download to your desktop using or FTP. Many useful applications are accessible only if you use special

37、 tools, however, usually because developers and wireless carriers wish to charge people for downloading them. There are two ways to download remotely deployed applications: Download your own remotely deployed applications: You can use the Motorola iDEN Java Application Loader to download local and r

38、emotely deployed applications, much as you use JAL Lite to download local applications. Motorolas iDEN web site provides detailed information on HYPERLINK :/idenphones.motorola /iden/developer/developer_iupdate_app.jsp how to become a member of iDENs Developer Program and start downloading. Buy and

39、download others applications: Motorola and Nextel have a large database of wireless applications available for download. Some are free. Check out HYPERLINK :/iden.motorola /iupdatephone/en/j2me_app.cfm iDEN Update, a web-based service with a client-side download application itself a free downloadabl

40、e application! that enables you to download new features, applications, and enhancements. You can browse the site, select features and applications youd like, and update your phone over the Internet. Youll need the iDEN Update client software and an update data cable. A snapshot of the iDEN wireless

41、 marketplace appears in Figure 10:Figure 10: Motorola iDEN Update HYPERLINK :/developers.sun /mobility/images/deploy_fig10.gif t _blank (click for full size) Downloading Applications Over The AirFor some time, wireless portals in Europe such as HYPERLINK :/ midletcentral Midletcentral have allowed c

42、ustomers to download applications directly to their phones, over the air. Over-the-air provisioning of wireless applications (OTA) is finally available in North America. Nextel customers, for example, can download network-aware wireless applications without an update data cable. OTA is the deploymen

43、t of wireless Java applications (MIDlet suites) from the Internet to wireless devices over a wireless network. Users need not connect their devices to the desktop with a data cable or visit a service center to install or upgrade software. See HYPERLINK :/java.sun /products/midp/OTAProvisioning-1.0.p

44、df Over The Air User Initiated Provisioning Recommended Practice for the Mobile Information Device Profile for details. To take advantage of OTA, you must equip your handheld device with a mechanism to discover MIDlet suites available for download, using the devices browser (such as a WAP browser) o

45、r a resident application written specifically to identify downloadable MIDlet suites. The process of downloading MIDlets over the air is illustrated in Figure 11. Figure 11: Over-the-Air Provisioning of MIDlets HYPERLINK :/developers.sun /mobility/images/deploy_fig11.gif t _blank (click for full siz

46、e) Conclusion: Many HYPERLINK :/developers.sun /mobility/device Java-enabled wireless devices are already out there, and the necessary wireless infrastructure is in place to begin deploying wireless applications. This article discussed several ways to deploy and test local and remote wireless Java a

47、pplications. To succeed in the wireless market, you need to develop relationships with other developers, device manufacturers, content developers, and wireless carriers. Several device manufacturers (such as Nokia) and wireless carriers (such as Nextel) offer developer programs that can help you mar

48、ket your dazzling wireless Java application.For more information J2ME Wireless Toolkit: HYPERLINK :/java.sun /products/j2mewtk Wireless Software Design Techniques: HYPERLINK :/developers.sun /mobility/midp/articles/uidesign om/midp/articles/uidesign Over The Air Provisioning: HYPERLINK :/java.sun /p

49、roducts/midp/OTAProvisioning-1.0.pdf iDEN Update: HYPERLINK :/ mot /iden Nextel Developer Program: HYPERLINK :/developer.nextel 配置無線Java應(yīng)用 Qusay H. MahmoudOctober 2002 2002年10月 開發(fā)商通常會(huì)像在真正運(yùn)行的平臺上一樣來構(gòu)建，測試和評估應(yīng)用平臺。發(fā)展無線Java應(yīng)用程序更具挑戰(zhàn)性，因?yàn)樗鼈兺ǔＪ窃谝粋€(gè)特定的平臺上開發(fā)（如Solaris操作系統(tǒng)或微軟視窗） ，但在一個(gè)完全不同的平臺上配置（如 或PDA ） 。這樣會(huì)導(dǎo)致，雖然模

50、擬器使開發(fā)人員對開發(fā)平臺做一些測試，但最終他們必須在完全不同的環(huán)境一個(gè)真正的無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)中測試和評估應(yīng)用。 本文的目的是闡述不同的方式，為雙方的測試和最后的配置來下載本地及網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用的J2ME功能的設(shè)備。經(jīng)過短暫的審查無線Java應(yīng)用程序和它們的開發(fā)生命周期，文章顯示如下： 配置無線遠(yuǎn)程應(yīng)用 下載本地和遠(yuǎn)程配置應(yīng)用 下載上層應(yīng)用無線Java應(yīng)用 無線Java應(yīng)用可分為兩大類： 本地應(yīng)用程序 （也稱為獨(dú)立式應(yīng)用程序 ）在一個(gè)手持無線裝置上執(zhí)行所有操作，不需要通過無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)訪問外部數(shù)據(jù)源。例如計(jì)算器和單人游戲。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序包括一些運(yùn)行于無線設(shè)備及其他運(yùn)行于網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的部件，因此依賴于訪問外部資源。例如，一個(gè)

51、電子郵件應(yīng)用程序中，一個(gè)無線 用戶以簡單郵件傳輸協(xié)議（ SMTP ）服務(wù)發(fā)送信息進(jìn)行交互。 雖然這兩種類型的應(yīng)用程序不同，它們分別在以同樣的方式進(jìn)行配置。最大的差異表現(xiàn)在：本地應(yīng)用程序方法比網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用更容易測試。舉例來說，一個(gè)計(jì)算器的應(yīng)用程序可以運(yùn)行于無線 ，即使它沒有連接任何網(wǎng)絡(luò)；而如果沒有連接到SMTP服務(wù)器為其傳達(dá)訊息，一個(gè)電子郵件客戶端程序?qū)⒉荒芄ぷ鳎?無線Java應(yīng)用軟件開發(fā)生命周期 MIDlets應(yīng)用程序和其它無線Java應(yīng)用程序的開發(fā)生命周期包括三個(gè)步驟： 寫應(yīng)用，任選s%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dzh-CN%26newwindow%3D1%26sa%3DG/m

52、obility/allsoftware/ 無線應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)環(huán)境和工具來開發(fā)應(yīng)用。這里用的J2ME是無線開發(fā)包。它有一個(gè)簡單而直觀的用戶界面，可以輕松開始開發(fā)無線應(yīng)用。更重要的是，它包括幾個(gè)用來測試應(yīng)用程序的模擬器。（下面的一些內(nèi)容都將使用這個(gè)開發(fā)包，如果用另一種開發(fā)環(huán)境，必須適應(yīng)這里所說的內(nèi)容。） 在一個(gè)仿真環(huán)境中測試應(yīng)用程序，一旦應(yīng)用程序匯編好了，模擬器便是最好的測試地方。在J2ME 無線開發(fā)包中帶有一些，包括摩托羅拉i85s ， Palm操作系統(tǒng)設(shè)備，和RIM設(shè)備。但必須注意是，這些模擬器并不能完美的模擬相應(yīng)設(shè)備的全部功能。它們只是適當(dāng)模擬表面的功能，因此，以下的步驟是至關(guān)重要的。 下載應(yīng)

53、用到一個(gè)物理設(shè)備并進(jìn)行測試，如果應(yīng)用程序在一個(gè)或多個(gè)模擬器的性能讓人滿意，下載到一個(gè)真正的設(shè)備，并在該設(shè)備上進(jìn)行測試。如果是一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用，需要對一個(gè)真正的無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行測試，以確保其性能是可以接受的。 這篇文章的重點(diǎn)是在這最后一步：配置和測試應(yīng)用物理設(shè)備。配置和運(yùn)行遠(yuǎn)程應(yīng)用 在J2ME 無線開發(fā)包中，能在本地?zé)o線應(yīng)用從內(nèi)部發(fā)展環(huán)境;系統(tǒng)中的jad和jar文件，（如果使用了J2ME 無線開發(fā)包，在/apps/games/bin ） 。如果想推銷無線應(yīng)用程序，就必須保證用戶從世界各地都可以對它們進(jìn)行訪問。 遠(yuǎn)程配置 配置無線遠(yuǎn)程應(yīng)用： 上傳應(yīng)用程序文件（ jad和JAR ）到一臺遠(yuǎn)程網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器。例如

54、工程命名為games上傳文件： 和在工程主目錄的bin文件夾中（例如， /程序/游戲/bin ） 。注意到，這兩個(gè)文件必須在同一服務(wù)器目錄結(jié)束。重新配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器，這樣，就能夠識別jad和jar文件： Jad類型的文件，設(shè)置文件擴(kuò)展名為Jad。 而MIME類型為描述符 。 jar類型的文件，設(shè)置文件擴(kuò)展名為jar，MIME類型，以應(yīng)用/ Java的檔案 。 如何配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器，取決于使用哪種類型。例如，如果使用Tomcat，要確保文件包括以下內(nèi)容： jad text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor jar application/java-archive適當(dāng)改變JAD文

55、件的MIDlet-Jar-URL屬性來指定JAR文件的URL。舉例來說，在上傳到服務(wù)器的文件的復(fù)制過程中，變更 MIDlet-Ja .to. 運(yùn)行遠(yuǎn)程配置應(yīng)用 。看看應(yīng)用程序是否配置正確，打開一個(gè)普通的網(wǎng)頁瀏覽器，并輸入JAD文件的URL 。應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)J2ME 無線開發(fā)包的默認(rèn)模擬器，遠(yuǎn)程配置應(yīng)用在模擬器上運(yùn)行。 J2ME的功能裝置（例如摩托羅拉/ Nextel的i85s ） ，一個(gè)Java應(yīng)用程序管理器（JAM）負(fù)責(zé)下載，安裝和配置應(yīng)用程序。 在J2ME 無線開發(fā)包包括一個(gè)樣板JAM，可以運(yùn)行在默認(rèn)模擬器。看看用戶將如何在網(wǎng)上下載和管理應(yīng)用程序，打開一個(gè)命令提示符，改變當(dāng)前目錄 /bin ，并

56、輸入命令： emulator -Xjam 模擬器- xjam 模擬器上出現(xiàn)JAM的主界面。在版本的工具箱，主界面如下：圖1 ： J2ME 無線開發(fā)包的Java應(yīng)用程序管理器的主界面 選擇安裝軟按鈕，提示輸入應(yīng)用的網(wǎng)址，如圖2所示。進(jìn)入該網(wǎng)址的網(wǎng)頁，其中包含超鏈接到應(yīng)用的jad文件。圖2 ：進(jìn)入應(yīng)用的jad文件 的網(wǎng)址一個(gè)長的URL進(jìn)入無線 是不方便的。更快和更容易的方法，是使用一個(gè)命令，按這種形式： emulator -Xjam:insta 不再進(jìn)一步進(jìn)入，JAM下載jar文件指定在JAD文件和安裝應(yīng)用。當(dāng)下次啟動(dòng)模擬器，只要選擇JAM的菜單按鈕，然后使用菜單，以運(yùn)行該應(yīng)用程序，刪除或執(zhí)行其它

57、功能。如圖3所示：圖3 ：JAM的主菜單 但必須注意的是，一個(gè)MIDlet一次只允許安裝一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序。進(jìn)入一個(gè)網(wǎng)址查看的網(wǎng)頁可能包含幾個(gè)應(yīng)用程序，可以從中選擇。例如，考慮下面包含3個(gè) JAD文件鏈接的HTML文件（ ）：MidletsDownload midlets:.0.0.1:8080/games.jadGames.jadCalc.jadBrowser.jadThank you.這是必須指出的是，要重視應(yīng)用的jad文件的超文本鏈接點(diǎn)。現(xiàn)在，輸入網(wǎng)址進(jìn)入安裝窗口，如圖4所示。（ IP地址相當(dāng)于本地主機(jī) ）圖4 ：在安裝窗口進(jìn)入一個(gè)網(wǎng)址 JAM讀取HTML文件（ ） ，解析超文本鏈接，并顯示所

58、有可以下載的MIDlet列表： 圖5 ：可下載 MIDlet鏈接現(xiàn)在，可以選擇一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序下載。 JAM讀取JAD文件，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)該設(shè)備是否能夠處理相關(guān)應(yīng)用。如果是的話，它就會(huì)下載并安裝JAR文件到指定的JAD文件中。一旦游戲MIDlet下載并安裝，將會(huì)看到一個(gè)類似圖6的顯示。注意games.jad是與J2ME 無線開發(fā)包的MIDlet匹配的。圖6 ：游戲下載與安裝的MIDlet 組如果試圖安裝一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序，并且該設(shè)備上已經(jīng)安裝過，JAM會(huì)發(fā)出通知。但是，它可以下載最新版本的應(yīng)用程序。圖7 ：警告：應(yīng)用程序已經(jīng)被安裝 在物理設(shè)備配置和運(yùn)行應(yīng)用程序在一個(gè)仿真環(huán)境配置和運(yùn)行的應(yīng)用程序，是一個(gè)很好的測試

59、邏輯和應(yīng)用的方法，但除非一個(gè)真正的物理設(shè)備連接到一個(gè)無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，否則無法確定是否能滿足用戶。在模擬器上，應(yīng)用程序的性能可能會(huì)驚人的，它所有的處理能力和內(nèi)存有關(guān)。但在手持設(shè)備上，其有限的內(nèi)存和處理能力，低帶寬，和其他制約因素，應(yīng)用程序會(huì)工作的怎樣？ 需要一個(gè)J2ME的功能的物理設(shè)備和數(shù)據(jù)電纜，以將它連接到桌面。此文章我使用了一個(gè)摩托羅拉/ Nextel的i85s ，可從Nextel的 ，它提供了幾種型號和價(jià)格計(jì)劃。 配置本地應(yīng)用程序 如果是摩托羅拉的J2ME功能的 ，還可以使用 HYPERLINK :/04/translate_c?hl=zh-CN&u= :/idenphones.motorola

60、 /iden/developer/developer_tools_jal.jsp&prev=/search%3Fq%3DDeploying%2BWireless%2BJava%2BApplications%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dzh-CN%26newwindow%3D1%26sa%3DG 摩托羅拉的Java應(yīng)用程序下載器(JAL Lite) 下載獨(dú)立式應(yīng)用產(chǎn)品。要注意JAL Lite要求文件名長度為16個(gè)字符，并且一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序的jad和jar文件必須在同一目錄中。 連接 到桌面，并在桌面上開始JAL Lite。會(huì)看到一個(gè)窗口，如圖8 ： 圖8 ：摩托羅拉JAL Lite應(yīng)