1、重工業(yè)向現(xiàn)代效勞業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型CONTENTS 目錄HEAVY INDUSTRIES 重工業(yè)DEFINITIONS 定義MINE CLOSURE 關(guān)閉礦井POST MINING LAND USE 原采礦土地的利用INVESTMENT PROMOTION IN MINING AREAS 促進(jìn)采礦區(qū)的投資COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING: EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE 重組煤炭行業(yè)：歐洲經(jīng)驗(yàn)CASE STUDY: ASTURIAS, SPAIN 案例研究：西班牙阿斯圖里亞斯GUIDELINES指導(dǎo)方針CONCLUSIONS結(jié)論HEAVY INDUSTRIES重工業(yè)HEAVY

2、 INDUSTRIES: PRIMARY SECTOR (STEEL MAKING, MINING, SHIPBUILDING,)重工業(yè)：主要行業(yè)（煉鋼、采礦、造船） BLAMED FOR POLLUTION 造成污染LARGE FACILITIES, i.e. LARGE INDUSTRIAL GROUNDS 大型設(shè)施，例如占用大量工業(yè)用地BIG EMPLOYERS, MANY UNSKILLED WORKERS 企業(yè)規(guī)模龐大，許多工人缺乏技術(shù)MAIN ECONOMICAL ACTIVITY IN THE AREA 當(dāng)?shù)刂饕慕?jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)Dsseldorf, 1953DEFINITIONS定義R

3、ESTRUCTURING 重組PROCESS OF FINANCIAL RECOVERY, REORGANISATION AND REORIENTATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR OR ENTERPRISE. IT AIMS TO REDUCE COST AND REDEPLOY CAPACITY IN THE SHORT TERM TO ENABLE CORPORATE VIABILITY OVER THE MEDIUM TERM. IN SOME CASES, THE ONLY REALISTIC OUTPUT OF RESTRUCTURING IS CLOSUR

4、E工業(yè)部門或企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇、重組和重新定位的過程。其目的是短期內(nèi)降低企業(yè)成本并重新部署資源，以提高企業(yè)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展的生命力。在某些情況下，重組唯一的現(xiàn)實(shí)出路就是停業(yè)關(guān)閉。REGENERATION 重建PROCESSES INVOLVED IN THE ECONOMIC RENEWAL OF AREAS, PARTICULARLY THOSE AFFECTED BY THE LOSS OF JOBS THROUGH THE RESTRUCTURING OR CLOSURE OF FORMER EMPLOYERS重建地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的過程，特別是受企業(yè)重組或關(guān)閉影響而造成嚴(yán)重失業(yè)現(xiàn)象的地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)重建。RECON

5、VERSION 復(fù)原ADAPTING AN AREA TO EXISTING AND FUTURE ECONOMIC FORCES, SO THAT OVER THE LONG TERM, THE INHABITANTS AND COMMUNITIES CAN EXPECT LASTING AND EQUITABLY DISTRIBUTED JOB OPPORTUNITIES調(diào)整地區(qū)適應(yīng)現(xiàn)有或未來的經(jīng)濟(jì)力量，使居民和社區(qū)能長(zhǎng)期地獲得持續(xù)、公平的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)MINE CLOSURE 關(guān)閉礦井 MINE CLOSURE IS THE PERMANENT CESSATION OF MINING OPER

6、ATIONS AND ALL SUBSEQUENT ACTIVITIES RELATED TO DECOMMISSIONING AND SITE REHABILITATION OR MONITORING 關(guān)閉礦井指永久性停止采礦作業(yè)以及與停運(yùn)、場(chǎng)地復(fù)原或監(jiān)控相關(guān)的一切后續(xù)活動(dòng)。 MINE CLOSURE IS A GROWING PROBLEM關(guān)閉礦井是一個(gè)日益嚴(yán)重的問題 MINE CLOSURE DUE TO DEPLETION OF MINEABLE RESERVES ECONOMIC REASONS SAFETY REASON關(guān)閉礦井的原因 可開采的資源枯竭 經(jīng)濟(jì)因素 安全因素 MAIN

7、 IMPACTS OF MINE CLOSURE關(guān)閉礦井的主要影響 TECHNICAL/ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOECONOMICAL技術(shù)影響/環(huán)境影響社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)影響Hitura mine, Nivala, FinlandMINE CLOSURE關(guān)閉礦井MINE CLOSURE關(guān)閉礦井From “Mine Closure Handbook”, by PM Heikkinen et al., Espoo 2008TECHNICAL/ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS技術(shù)/環(huán)境影響 PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STABILITY OF FO

8、RMER MINE SITE AND REMAINS原采礦地點(diǎn)及殘留物的物理、化學(xué)及生物穩(wěn)定性 SAFETY HAZARDS MINE OPENINGS SURFACE FACILITIES安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 礦井缺口 地表設(shè)施 REHABILITATION OF MINE SITE MINE SITE SPOIL HEAPS TAILING PONDS礦址復(fù)原 采礦地點(diǎn) 廢石堆 尾礦池 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DEGRADED ENVIRONMENT ACID MINE DRAINAGE SUBSIDENCE SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION環(huán)境問題環(huán)境惡化排泄酸性礦

9、水地表塌陷自燃Sandaoling mine, PRCSOCIOECONOMICAL ASPECTS社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)影響 MINING COMPANIES USUALLY ARE THE MAIN EMPLOYERS IN THE AREA煤礦企業(yè)通常是當(dāng)?shù)刂饕髽I(yè) MINING GENERATES MANY INDIRECT JOBS采礦業(yè)提供很多間接的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì) COMPARATIVELY HIGH SALARIES PROVIDE FOR HIGH LIVING STANDARD提供相對(duì)較高的薪水，有利于提高生活水平 LARGE LAND SURFACES THAT BECOME IDLE大面積地

10、表土地閑置 SUDDEN DECREASE OF ECONONIC ACTIVITY MEANS WORSENING OF LIVING CONDITIONS經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的突然減少意味著生活條件的惡化 POSSIBLE RUPTURE OF THE COMMUNITY LINK 企業(yè)聯(lián)系可能中斷LACK OF JOBS COULD LEAD TO EMIGRATION缺乏就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)可能導(dǎo)致移民POSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的利用WHEN A MINE CLOSES DOWN, DIFFERENT TYPES OF REMAINS ARE LEFT BEHIND: 煤礦關(guān)閉后，殘留物

11、有所不同： QUARRIES AND OPENCAST MINING: EXCAVATIONS AND LAND MOVEMENTS MOUNTAIN MINING: SPOIL TIPS, TRANSPORT FACILITIES AND ADITS UNDERGROUND MINING: BUILDINGS AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES采石場(chǎng)和露天開采：挖掘和地面活動(dòng)山區(qū)采礦：棄渣堆積，交通設(shè)施和平硐地下采礦：建筑物和工業(yè)設(shè)施AFTER CESSATION OF MINING ACTIVITIES: LARGE LAND SURFACES BECOME AVAILAB

12、LE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE BECOMES AVAILABLE采礦活動(dòng)停止后：可利用的大面積地表土地可利用的工業(yè)設(shè)施POSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的利用SCENARIOS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MINING LAND采礦土地開發(fā)場(chǎng)景ORIGINAL USE原始用途MINE CLOSURE礦井關(guān)閉REHABILITATION復(fù)原NEW USE新用途MINING采礦Economical經(jīng)濟(jì)的Active主動(dòng)Passive被動(dòng)Ecological生態(tài)的TEMPORARY USE臨時(shí)使用POSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的利用M

13、AIN GOAL IN MINING LAND USE AFTER MINE CLOSURE MUST BE THE DESIGN OF A STRATEGY IN ORDER TO REUSE MINING LAND IN ORDER TO CREATE: NEW ECONOMICAL ACTIVITIES (NEW INDUSTRIES, AGRICULTURE, COMMERCE,) ENVIRONMENTALLY RESTORED AREAS USE OF MINING HERITAGE (MUSEUMS, THEME PARKS,)礦井關(guān)閉后，重新利用原采礦土地的主要目標(biāo)是設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)策

14、略使采礦土地重新創(chuàng)造：新的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)（新的工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、商業(yè)）環(huán)境復(fù)原地區(qū)采礦遺留物的利用（博物館、主題公園）POSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的利用MINING HERITAGE 采礦業(yè)遺產(chǎn) MINING IS ONE OF THE OLDEST ACTIVITIES IN THE HISTORY OF MANKIND采礦是人類歷史上最古老的活動(dòng)之一 ALMOST EVERY STEP OF TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION HAS HAD AN EFFECT ON MINING幾乎每一次技術(shù)發(fā)展都對(duì)采礦業(yè)有所影響 MINING COVERS A WIDE GROUP

15、 OF TECHNICAL SUBJECTS, BEING AT THE SAME TIME ATTRACTIVE TO THE LAYMAN采礦業(yè)涉及大量技術(shù)，吸引外來者 SEVERAL AREAS IN THE WORLD SHOW A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF MINING HERITAGE ELEMENTS THE MIDLANDS, WALES AND CORNWALL, GREAT BRITAIN RUHR VALLEY, SOUTH BAVARIA AND LAUSATIA, GERMANY NORD-PAS DE CALAIS, ALSACE AND LORR

16、AINE, FRANCE ASTURIAS, SPAIN SILESIA, POLAND THE APPALACHIANS, USA ZACATECAS, MEXICO世界許多地區(qū)都存在大量的礦業(yè)遺留物 英國(guó)的中部地區(qū)、威爾士和康沃爾 德國(guó)魯爾山谷、巴伐利亞南部和LAUSATIA 西班牙阿斯圖里亞斯 波蘭西里西亞 美國(guó)阿巴拉契亞山脈 墨西哥薩卡特卡斯 MINING MUSEUMS AND GUIDE ROUTES THROUGH MINING HERITAGE HAVE BECOME A NEW INCOME SOURCE FOR FORMER MINING AREAS建立采礦博物館、開辟穿越

17、采礦遺留物的旅游路線已經(jīng)成為原采礦地區(qū)新的收入來源POSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的利用MINING HERITAGE 采礦業(yè)遺產(chǎn)National Coal Mining Museum for England65 MINING MUSEUMS IN GREAT BRITAIN英國(guó)有65家采礦博物館POSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的利用MINING HERITAGE 采礦業(yè)遺產(chǎn)120 MINING MUSEUMS IN GERMANY德國(guó)有120家采礦博物館Deutsches Bergbaumuseum BochumPOSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地

18、的利用MINING HERITAGE 采礦業(yè)遺產(chǎn)20 MINING MUSEUMS IN FRANCE法國(guó)有20家采礦博物館Centre Historique Minier LewardePOSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的利用MINING HERITAGE 采礦業(yè)遺產(chǎn)15 MINING MUSEUMS IN SPAIN西班牙有15家采礦博物館Museo de la Minera y de la Industria, AsturiasPOSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的利用REHABILITATED AREAS 復(fù)原地區(qū) QUARRIES AND OPENCAST

19、MINES MUST BE RESTORED AND INTEGRATED INTO THEIR SURROUNDINGS, MINIMIZING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT采石場(chǎng)和露天礦必須重建，使其融入周邊環(huán)境，盡量減少對(duì)環(huán)境的影響 SPOIL HEAPS CAN ALSO BE PROCESSED AND/OR RESTORED廢石堆也可以得到處理和/或重建 THE FINAL RESTORATION PROJECT MUST TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE INTENDED LAND USE最終的修復(fù)計(jì)劃必須考慮到土地的使用意圖 MAIN USES FOR R

20、ESTORED AREAS: FOREST WETLANDS CROPLAND/FARMING RECREATION復(fù)原地區(qū)的主要用途：森林濕地農(nóng)田耕地/畜牧地休閑娛樂 FINAL GOAL: REUSE THE LAND最終目標(biāo)：土地的重新利用Former lignite opencast mines, Lausatia, GermanyPOSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的利用REHABILITATED AREAS 復(fù)原地區(qū)AESTHETIC AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE RESTORATION OF SPOIL HEAPS OF HAZARDOUS WAS

21、TE 從審美和保護(hù)環(huán)境雙重角度，安全處理含有危險(xiǎn)廢物的廢石堆ALMADEN MERCURY MINE, SPAIN 西班牙阿拉馬登銾礦POSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的使用REHABILITATED AREAS 復(fù)原地區(qū)REPROCESSING OF COAL SPOIL HEAP INCOME SOURCE BY SELLING THE COAL CONTAINED IN IT AVAILABILITY OF REUSABLE GROUND DISPARITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS煤礦廢渣回收利用銷售礦渣中的煤以獲得收入獲得可重復(fù)使用的土地消除

22、對(duì)環(huán)境的負(fù)面作用Reicastro coal spoil heap, Asturias, SpainPOSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的利用REHABILITATED AREAS 復(fù)原地區(qū)USE OF RESTORED MINE SITES IN AGRICULTURE 重建采礦土地，用于發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)POSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的使用REHABILITATED AREAS 復(fù)原地區(qū)GENERATION OF INDUSTRIAL GROUND FROM RESTORED MINING LAND復(fù)原采礦土地，變成工業(yè)用地Rioglass factory, Sovil

23、la, Asturias, SpainPOSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的利用REHABILITATED AREAS 復(fù)原地區(qū)GENERATION OF INDUSTRIAL GROUND FROM RESTORED MINING LAND 復(fù)原采礦土地，變成工業(yè)用地Maria Luisa colliery, Asturias, SpainPOSTMINING LAND USE 原采礦土地的利用REHABILITATED AREAS 復(fù)原地區(qū)RECREATIONAL USE 用于休閑娛樂OPEN AIR ANIMAL PARK IN A FORMER OPENCAST MINE在

24、原露天煤礦內(nèi)建立露天動(dòng)物公園CABARCENO, SPAIN 西班牙桑坦德POSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的利用REHABILITATED AREAS 復(fù)原地區(qū)ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION FOR RECREATIONAL USE 重建環(huán)境，用于休閑娛樂SAND AND GRAVEL OPERATION, VIRGINIA, USA 美國(guó)弗吉尼亞州，治理沙礫POSTMINING LAND USE原采礦土地的利用REHABILITATED AREAS 復(fù)原地區(qū)NEWLY PLANTED TREES AS A PART OF A REFORESTATION P

25、LAN IN AN OPENCAST MINE種植樹木是對(duì)該露天采礦場(chǎng)進(jìn)行復(fù)原的一部分INVESTMENT PROMOTION 促進(jìn)投資GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 總則 INVESTMENT PROMOTION:ALL THE TASKS PERFORMED IN ORDER TO ATTRACT NEW INVESTMENTS TO A CERTAIN GEOGRAPHICAL AREA IN ORDER TO GENERATE NEW JOBS AND RICHNESS AND TO FOSTER ECONOMIC ACTIVITY促進(jìn)投資：在一定地理區(qū)域內(nèi)，所有為吸引投

26、資采取的舉措都是為了創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和財(cái)富以及促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)。 IN TODAYS GLOBALIZED WORLD, ALMOST EVERY REGION HAS SET UP AN INVESTMENT PROMOTION BUREAU在當(dāng)前全球化的趨勢(shì)下，幾乎所有地區(qū)都成立了招商引資局。 GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION (NORMALLY AT REGIONAL/LOCAL LEVEL) IS REQUIRED需要政府干預(yù)（通常是地區(qū)/當(dāng)?shù)卣母深A(yù)） EXCESS OFFERS LEADS TO FIERCE COMPETITION, THUS MAKING IT NE

27、CESSARY TO DEVELOP IMAGINATIVE AND ATTRACTIVE ADVANTAGE PACKAGES 供過于求導(dǎo)致了激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，因此有必要開發(fā)有創(chuàng)造性和吸引力的產(chǎn)品組合。 A SUCCESSFUL INDUSTRIAL PROMOTION POLICY GUARANTEES THE FUTURE OF A COMMUNITY成功的招商引資政策可以保證社區(qū)未來的發(fā)展 INVESTMENT PROMOTION IS THE KEY TO FUTURE PROSPERITY促進(jìn)投資是未來經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的關(guān)鍵INVESTMENT PROMOTION促進(jìn)投資MAIN ADVANTA

28、GES OF MINING AREAS AFTER MINE CLOSUREINDUSTRIAL GROUND AVAILABLERICH INDUSTRIAL HERITAGENEED FOR NEW EMPLOYERSAVAILABILITY OF WORKERSINDUSTRIAL CULTURE AND TRADITION礦井關(guān)閉后，原采礦區(qū)的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)獲得工業(yè)用地豐富的行業(yè)遺產(chǎn)對(duì)新企業(yè)的需求獲得勞動(dòng)力工業(yè)文化和傳統(tǒng)Hambach opencast mine, GermanyINVESTMENT PROMOTION促進(jìn)投資 INSTRUMENTS:MUST BE CARRIED OUT

29、BY A SPECIFIC ORGANISM CREATED TO FULFIL THIS TASKIN MOST CASES IT IS A VENTURE CAPITAL SOCIETY文書：必須成立一個(gè)專門的組織來完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。大多數(shù)情況，這是一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資團(tuán)體。 GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE: NOT TOO BIG, NOT TOO SMALL, AT LEAST SUPRACOMUNAL地理范圍：不能太大，不能太小，至少是一個(gè)大社區(qū) WHO MUST BE REPRESENTED IN THIS BODY?EVERY CASE IS SPECIAL, BUT AT LEAST

30、 SOME OF THE FOLLOWING SOCIAL AGENTS:REGIONAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENTSUNIONSBUSINESSMENS ASSOCIATIONSFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSMINING COMPANIES這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)必須包括哪些主體？每個(gè)案例都不完全相同，但至少應(yīng)具備下列社會(huì)因素： 地區(qū)政府 當(dāng)?shù)卣?工會(huì) 商人協(xié)會(huì) 金融機(jī)構(gòu) 采礦公司 WHO SHOULD PROVIDE THE FUNDS?NATIONAL/REGIONAL/LOCAL GOVERNMENTSMINING COMPANIESPRIVATE INVE

31、STORS由誰提供基金？ 國(guó)家/地區(qū)/當(dāng)?shù)卣?采礦公司 個(gè)體投資者COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING煤炭業(yè)重組EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES歐洲經(jīng)驗(yàn) COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING HAS BEEN AN ONGOING PROCESS FOR THE LAST 50 YEARS IN DIFFERENT EUROPEAN COUNTRIES過去的50年中，歐洲的很多國(guó)家都在對(duì)煤炭業(yè)進(jìn)行重組 EACH COUNTRY HAS HAD A DIFFERENT APPROACH TO THIS PROBLEM每個(gè)國(guó)家采取的方式有所不同COAL

32、 INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING煤炭行業(yè)重組EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES歐洲的經(jīng)驗(yàn)BELGIUM比利時(shí) INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PLAN THAT INCORPORATED BOTH MINE CLOSURES AND THE CREATION OF ALTERNATIVE EMPLOYMENT將關(guān)閉礦井和創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)相結(jié)合，納入綜合管理計(jì)劃之中 TRAINING PROGRAMS TAILORED TO INDIVIDUAL NEEDS根據(jù)個(gè)體需要調(diào)整培訓(xùn)方案 PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON INMIGRANT COMMUNIT

33、IES IN THE COAL MINING AREAS特別需要注意采礦地區(qū)的移民區(qū)FRANCE法國(guó) STRONGLY STRUCTURED APPROACH強(qiáng)有力的管理方式 THE STATE OWNED COAL PRODUCING COMPANY HAD A RESPONSIBILITY TO FIND ALTERNATIVE JOBS FOR ITS EMPLOYEES國(guó)有煤炭生產(chǎn)企業(yè)有責(zé)任為其員工找到新的工作COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING煤炭業(yè)重組EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES歐洲經(jīng)驗(yàn)GERMANY德國(guó) DIFFERENT SITUATIONS IN

34、 EAST AND WEST GERMANY東德和西德情況不同 EAST GERMANY: RAPID CONTRACTION OF EMPLOYMENT IN LIGNITE MINES東德：褐煤業(yè)的就業(yè)率急速萎縮 WEST GERMANY: LONG TERM PLANNED DECLINE IN HARD COAL MINING EMPLOYMENT西德：無煙煤開采業(yè)的就業(yè)長(zhǎng)期按計(jì)劃減少 “SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE” APPROACH TO MINE CLOSURES AND THE IMPACT ON MINING COMMUNITIES以“社會(huì)上可接受的”方式關(guān)閉煤礦并

35、減小對(duì)采礦區(qū)的影響THE NETHERLANDS荷蘭 TOTAL COAL MINING CLOSURE IN THE EARLY 1970s早在20世紀(jì)70年代就關(guān)閉了所有的煤礦 IT IS POSSIBLE TO STUDY THE LONG TERM SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING無法研究煤炭業(yè)重組對(duì)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)期影響COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING煤炭業(yè)重組EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES歐洲經(jīng)驗(yàn)SPAIN西班牙 CONSIDERATION OF SOCIAL CONS

36、EQUENCES ON GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED COMMUNITIES考慮地理上隔離的社區(qū)的社會(huì)影響 HIGH COST SUPPORT MEASURES 高成本的支持措施 NO RADICAL RESTRUCTURING OF HARD COAL MINING INDUSTRY HAS TAKEN PLACE沒有發(fā)生對(duì)無煙煤開采業(yè)的激進(jìn)重組UNITED KINGDOM英國(guó) MASSIVE SHORT-TERM RESTRUCTURING大量的短期重組 SIGNIFICANT SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS IN MINING COMMUNIT

37、IES WITHIN WHICH ALTERNATIVE EMPLOYMENT WAS LIMITED采礦區(qū)內(nèi)其他工作機(jī)會(huì)有限，因此出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)問題CASE STUDY: ASTURIAS, SPAIN 案例研究：西班牙阿斯圖里亞斯AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY OF THE PRINCIPALITY OF ASTURIAS阿斯圖里亞斯公國(guó)的自治社區(qū) LOCATED IN NORTHERN SPAIN位于西班牙北部 SURFACE: 10.604 SQUARE KILOMETRES面積：10.604平方公里 POPULATION: 1.040.000 INHABITANTS人

38、口： 1.040.000居民 TRADITIONAL MAIN ACTIVITIES: COAL MINING AND STEEL MAKING (PUBLIC COMPANIES) 傳統(tǒng)的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)：開采煤礦和煉鋼（上市公司）CASE STUDY: ASTURIAS, SPAIN 案例研究：西班牙阿斯圖里亞斯COAL MINING AREA(CENTRAL ASTURIAN MINING BASIN)煤礦開采區(qū)域（阿斯圖里亞斯中部煤礦區(qū)） VALLEYS OF THE RIVERS NALON AND CAUDAL NALON和CAUDAL河的山谷 11 MUNICIPALITIES11個(gè)

39、自治市 25% OF ASTURIAS POPULATION占阿斯圖里亞斯人口的25% MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: COAL MINING主要經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)：煤礦開采 COMPANY: HUNOSA (STATE OWNED)公司：HUNOSA（國(guó)有）SieroLangreoSMRALavianaMieresAllerMorcinRiosaCASE STUDY: ASTURIAS, SPAIN 案例研究：西班牙阿斯圖里亞斯NUMBER OF WORKERSPEAK (1969): 26.590TODAY (2008): 3.500NUMBER OF COLLIERIES1967:

40、 29 2008: 8工人數(shù)量頂峰時(shí)期（1969年）：26，590目前（2008）：3，500煤礦數(shù)量1967: 29 2008: 8CASE STUDY: ASTURIAS, SPAIN 案例研究：西班牙阿斯圖里亞斯TO CREATE AN INDUSTRIAL NETWORK ALTERNATIVE TO MININGTO GENERATE JOBS AND RICHNESS IN THE COAL MINING BASINTO REINFORCE THE ECONOMIC STRUCTURE IN THE COAL MINING BASINTO COMPENSATE FOR THE LO

41、SS OF MINING EMPLOYMENTTO REUSE HUNOSAS IDLE GROUNDGOALS OF THE ASTURIAN REGENERATION PROCESSCASE STUDY: ASTURIAS, SPAIN 案例研究：西班牙阿斯圖里亞斯EDUCATION AND TRAININGINVESTMENT PROMOTIONINFRASTRUCTURESMAIN FIELDS OF ACTIVITYPLAN FOR COAL MINING AND THE ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF COAL MINING AREASCASE STUDY:

42、ASTURIAS, SPAIN 案例研究：西班牙阿斯圖里亞斯SOCIEDAD REGIONAL DE PROMOC ION 100% REGIONAL GOVERNMENTSOCIEDAD PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LAS COMARCAS MINERAS 50% REGIONAL GOVERNMENT 50% HUNOSASADIM INVERSIONES 100% HUNOSAVENTURE CAPITAL SOCIETIESCASE STUDY: ASTURIAS, SPAINTOTALINVESTMENTSUBSIDIESJOBS CREATEDTOTALINVEST

43、MENTSUBSIDIESJOBS CREATEDTOTALINFRASTRUCTURE1160,69287,321448,01INVESTMENTPROMOTION1179,09214,22497340,729,341191219,81EDUCATION& TRAINING115,7539144,75TOTAL2455,53214,224973367,049,34119RESULTS ACHIEVED1998-20052006 - 2012Data in million GUIDELINES指導(dǎo)方針OVERALL RESTRUCTURING STRATEGY整體重組戰(zhàn)略 LONG-TERM

44、PLANNING OF RESTRUCTURING ALLOWS FOR EARLY ACTION MEASURES重組的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃要考慮到早期行動(dòng)舉措 NEED FOR A HIGH LEVEL OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN ALL PARTIES INVOLVED需要涉及方的高度溝通和交流 ESTABLISHMENT OF A GUIDING MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE建立一個(gè)指導(dǎo)性的管理機(jī)構(gòu) REGENERATION STRATEGIES MUST ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF DIRECTLY AFFECTED WORKFORCE AND O

45、F THE COMING GENERATION重建戰(zhàn)略必須解決受到直接影響的勞動(dòng)力以及未來勞動(dòng)力的需求 EARLY RETIREMENT SCHEMES HAVE BEEN WIDELY USED MAIN PROBLEMS:LONG-TERM LIABILITY TO SUPPORT RETIRED PEOPLELOSS OF SKILLS提前退休計(jì)劃已得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用主要問題：為保障退休人員的生活，企業(yè)長(zhǎng)期負(fù)債 缺乏技術(shù)熟練工人 EDUCATION AND TRAINING ARE VITAL COMPONENTS OF THE REGENERATION PROCESS教育和培訓(xùn)是重建進(jìn)程

46、中必不可少的重要組成部分 SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES OFFER GREATER EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL中小型企業(yè)具有提供更多工作機(jī)會(huì)的潛力 NEED FOR “MENTAL ADJUSTMENT”需要“心理順應(yīng)”GUIDELINES指導(dǎo)方針AFFECTED COMMUNITIES受到影響的社區(qū) NEED TO PUBLICLY DEMONSTRATE A COMMITMENT TO MAINTAINING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE AFFECTED COMMUNITIES需要公開承諾維護(hù)受影響社區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)

47、RECOGNISE THE SENSE OF LOSS WHEN A HEAVY INDUSTRY CLOSES DOWN一項(xiàng)重工業(yè)關(guān)閉時(shí)，承認(rèn)其損失MAINTAINING THE IDENTITY SIGNS LINKED TO FORMER ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES保持與先前經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)相關(guān)的標(biāo)志 MAINTAIN CONTINUITY OF COMMUNITY SERVICES保持社區(qū)服務(wù)的連續(xù)性 CARE FOR THE HOUSING REQUIREMENTS (IF HOUSING WAS LINKED TO JOBS)關(guān)注住房需求（如果住房與原工作掛鉤）COLLABOR

48、ATION FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF “SELF-HELP” ORGANISATIONS合作成立“自助”組織 EVALUATE RESETTLEMENT WHEN THERE ARE NO FUTURE PROSPECTS如果沒有未來發(fā)展前景，評(píng)估重新安置GUIDELINES指導(dǎo)方針AFFECTED INDIVIDUAL受到影響的個(gè)人 NEED FOR INDIVIDUAL SUPPORT FROM ORGANISATIONS THEY CAN TRUST需要由個(gè)體信任的組織向個(gè)體提供支持 RETRAINING APPROPRIATE TO THE NEEDS OF POTENTIAL FUTURE EMPLOYERS根據(jù)未來潛在工作機(jī)會(huì)的需要進(jìn)行再培訓(xùn) ADVICE ON JOB SEARCHING AND TRAINING MUST BE PROVIDED ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS必須向個(gè)體提供就業(yè)咨詢和培訓(xùn) INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL ADVICE IS IMPORTANT獨(dú)立