1、Module 7 Unit 4新課標單詞underground n. 地鐵證；執照；通行證commonly adv. 一般地，通常地sightseeing n. 觀光，游覽distinction n. 聲譽，名聲，區別，差別horrible adj. 可怕的，的；極其討厭的，distant adj. 遠的，遙遠的讓人非常難受的，特別糟糕的historic adj. 有歷史意義的，歷史上著名的discount n. 折扣，打折transport vt. & n.offil n.，運送，輸送，搬運vehicle n. 車輛，交通工具increase n. 增加，增長shuttle n. 短程往返運

2、行的公共汽車（或火車cycle vi. 騎自行車aimvi.目的是，打算；瞄準，對準vt.等）；梭，梭子；航天飛機beneath prep. & adv. 在之下將瞄準，將指向n.目comparatively adv. 比較而言，相對地標，目的narrow adj. 窄的，狹窄的；狹隘的confuse vt. 使糊涂，使困惑；使；middle n. 中間，中部tire vt. 使厭倦，使厭煩；使疲勞advanced adj.annoy vt. 使惱怒，使生氣，使煩惱；打攪，高級的，先進的accelerate vt.，促進干擾，騷擾pace n. 步伐，速度undertake vt. 承擔，擔任

3、；著手做，開始進inconvenient adj. 不方便的，不便利的行，從事separay adv. 分別地，單獨地，各自地sacrifice vt. 犧牲，奉獻acquisition n. (尤指通過努力)取得，獲得；prep. 在先之外，超出學到modest adj. 適度的，適中的，不過分的；謙expann. 擴充，擴展，擴大，發展虛的，謙讓的connection n. 連接；連接物；聯系；關系tpone vt. 推遲，延遲，使延期function vi. 起作用；工作，活動，運轉speed vt. & vi.n.timetable n. 時間表；日effectively adv.有效

4、地departure n. 離開，啟程，出發permit vt. & vi. 允許，準許，n.repair n. 修理，修補punctual adj. 準時的，準點的；守時的aggressive adj. 好斗的，性的，咄咄逼reliable adj. 可靠的，賴的人的arise vi. 發生，產生，形成；起立，起身；fine vt. 罰的款，處以罰金 n. 罰起床；金，罰款extreme adj.的，極度的concentration n. 專心，專注；集中cause n. 原因，起因；事業irresponsible adj. 不負責任的pedestrian n. 行人，步行者amption

5、n. 假定，臆想lorry n. 卡車overload vt. 使超載，使過載surrounding adj.n.unsteady adj. 不穩定的，搖擺的，搖晃周圍的；環繞的周圍環境inviion n. 誘因；邀請；請帖signal vi. 發信號incorrectly adv. 不正確地，錯誤地impatient adj. 不耐煩的，沒耐心的，急不可orderly adj. 有秩序的，秩序井然的，有條理耐的的課文出現短語1. pick up15. a couple of2. cause damage to16. drop off3. beneath the surface17. chok

6、e off traffic4. far from18. link up5. in use19. set up6. why not do20. function as7. go sightseeing21. permit sb to do8.he hope of22. at a discount9. speed up23. make better use of10. under repair24. wash away11. protect sb from danger25. arise from12. pay attention to26. be aimed at13. risk your li

7、fe27. lead to crashes14. avoid causing accidents28. watch out for29. in need of30. be up to sb31. as it is known32. lead to33. accelerate the pace34. be responsible for35. in honor for36. a place oferest37. be made up of38. make up for39. cause deaths and injuries40. traffic jam41. be aware of42. be

8、 fined for43. be likely to44. in good condition一單詞應用根據單詞的首字母或漢語意思填寫正確單詞，注意形式變化。1. Up to now, many peoplee agreedt tis an important part of our lives.2.he 19th century, strains helped people travel all over the world.3.he past, many old ment beve buses can carry people olong distance.4. If you go to

9、Britain, you will see the sign at the sion, “e to the Lonu”.5. Most trains went to the distant bof the cityhe northern part of the country.6. Cars on the road can c off traffic, so some expertst agree cars massproduction.7. Thetunnels were just bthe surface of the ground.8. Sometimes, traveling on t

10、hese lines was very i. So you had better go by car.9. Many caveshe mountains fas bomb shelters during war times.10. Some expertshis field think this helps make the system more u.11.It is reportedt the train lines were placed under the （權力機構） of th.12.It waseresting to know about the Lon（地鐵） develope

11、d.13.The city has good air （連接） with most large cities on the Chimainland.14.The storms (沖走) away soil along the road last night, whiade childrenfrightened15.The deaths （發生，形成） from those accidents has increasedhe past ten years.16.We must all be （） of the potential causes of traffic accidents and a

12、ct toprevent them.17.You are （） the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others.18.It is （由決定） to all of us road users to make suret we must avoidaccident.19.Many （騎車的人）ot pay attention to the cars around them. so it can lead toaccidents.20.We must pay attention to road （安全）. Onlyhi

13、s way can we keep us safe.二.詞型轉換1、comparative adj.- (n.)2、effectively adv. - (n.)3、patient adj.- (n.) (反)4、concentration n.- (v.)5、steady adj.- (adv.)6invitev.-、(n.)(adj.)7、aware adj.- (n.)(反)8.expectv.-(adj.)(n.)9、permit v.- (n.允許)10、fortune n.- (adj.)11. connect (vt.) (n.)12. responsible (adj.) (o

14、pp.)13. rely (vi.)(adj.)14.distant (adj.) (n.)15. expan(n.)(vt.)16.convenient(adj.) (n.)17. separate (adj./vt) (adv.)三選詞填空1. English, he has to study French.2. where does this path ?3. Im afraidt boy is .4. She kept talking and nobody could .5. Heavy rains werestorage of vegetables.6. Ie cooked a sp

15、el mealour visitors.7. I boughicket and rode the underground four times.8. I thought I coulde a relaxingkend to all my hard work.9. They immediay afterch.10. This notice is increasing peoples awareness of the problem.11. Can we begin by discussing mattersthe last meeting?Lead to ,in addition to ,cau

16、se trouble ,at a discount,get off, arise from chock off,responsible for.in honour of,make up for,aim at speed uphe hopet , make better use of12. Wed better if we want to be on time.13 We must the resourwee.14. Many skilled workers go abroad they can get better careeropportunities.四句型結構基本句型1. It has

17、the distinction of being the oldest and most complex underground system in theworld.2. Most trainso Lononly went to the distant boundary of the city because buildingrailway trackso the city woulde caused damage to many historic buildings.3. Passengers were transported in carriages without windows, w

18、hich were pulled through thecomparatively narrow tunnels byengines.4.ing seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, tried toimprove the system by buying many of the different lines and setting up the Underground Group.5. All the different bus and train lines were placed unde

19、r the authority of th.6. The Lonunderground system is working to transport millions of people effectively as ithase for many years.7. This notice is aimed at increasing peoples awareness of the problem because it hase quite extreme.8. Driverse to take the responsibility to watch out for people cross

20、ing the road, espellyoldeople who may walk slowly and young children who may not look before stepo theroad.9. Many cyclistsot pay attention to the carst surround them and often ride too closeto cars to allow them space and time to stop.10. This lack of control is an inviion to accidents.11. Some cyc

21、lists make the amptiont traffic lawsot apply to them.句型拓展1. However, most trainso Lononly went to the distant boundary of the citybecause building railway trackso the city woulde caused damage to many historicbuildings. (P50) 但是大部分通往倫敦的火車只到倫敦城的遠郊，因為在市區內修建鐵路會損壞許多古建筑。distantadj. far away:a distant cou

22、ntryShe could hear the distant sound of fireworks exploding.he distant past/futurefar awayhe past or future:At some pohe distant future I would like toe my own house.he not-too-distant futurequite soon:They plan toe childrenhe not-too-distant future.distancen. C or U the amount of space betn two pla

23、:Whats the distance betn Madrid and Barcelona/from Madrid to Barcelona?He travels quite a distance (= a long way) to work every day.Does she live within walking distance of harents?historicadj. important or likely to be important in history:historic buildingsa historic day/momentIn a historic vote,

24、the Church of England decided to allow women toe priests.historicaladj. connected with the study or represenion of things from the past:Many important historicals were destroyed when the library was bombed.高考The faof four famous Americans on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60.（2004）A. lengthB.

25、distanceC. wayD. space：BShe spelizes in historical novels set in eighteenth-century England.historicallyadv.The film makes no attempt to be historically accurate.Historically (= Over a long periodhe past), theree always been close links betnFrance and Scotland.2. Unfortunay, the increased number of

26、vehicles on the road choked off traffic, andthe road became so busyt no one could travel anywhere. (P50) 不幸的是馬增加的車輛把道路堵得水泄不通，交通變得如此擁擠以致于每個人都寸步難行。choken. C a block of woodt can be put under a wheel or a heavy object to prevent it frommovingv. 窒息；堵塞；阻塞The child swallowedn and chocked to death.The road

27、s to the coast were choked with traffic.unchtime the streets were choked with traffic.She choked to death on a fish bone.Children can choke on peanuts.引申：chock back 忍住，抑制chock up 因激動等說不出話來3. Thetunnels were opened in 1863 and were just beneath the surface of theground. (P50) 首批地鐵隧道于 1863 年開通，他們緊靠地面。

28、beneathprep. in or to a lowositionn, under 低于，在之下Jeremy hid the letter beneapile of prs.We huddled together for warmth beneath the blets.自我檢測During the rush hours the roads are usually up with traffic.A. chockedB. crowdedC. blockedD checked： AAfterks at sea, it was wonderful to feel firm ground bene

29、ath our feet once more.比較：1) underprep.in or to aition below or lowern something else, often sot one thing coversthe other:He hid under the bed.In AD 79 the city of Pompei was buried under a layer of ash seven meters deep.She put the thermometer under my tongue.She was holding a file under her arm (

30、= betn her upper arm and the side of her chest).2) belowadv., prep. in a lowosition (n), under:From the top of the skyscrr the cars below us looked like insects.Do you usually wear your skirts above or below the knee?The authors name was pred below the title.Theye three children belowof (= youngern)

31、 four.4. Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and theMetropolitan District railway linked up and provided the underground servicehe middleof the city. (P50) 16 年后，于 1884 年大都會鐵路公司于大都會區鐵路公司取得聯系共同為城市中部提供地鐵服務。linkv. T to make a connection betn two or more people, things or idea

32、s:The explos are not thought to be linked in any way.The use of CFCs has been linked to the depletion of the ozone layer.n. C a connection betn two people, things or ideas:Theres a direct link betn diet and heart disease.Their links with Britain are still strong.link upto form a connection, espelly

33、in order to work or operate together:Theanizations aim is to link up people from all over the country who are suffering fromthe disease.We offer advice to Polish companies who want to link up with Western businesses.They linked up two areas byephone.用法拓展: be connected with 與相接，和有聯系5. These new ways

34、of digging accelerated the pace of the LonUndergroundsdevelopment. (P50) 這些新的隧道開挖方法加快了倫敦地鐵的發展腳步。acceleratev. I when a vehicle or its driver accelerates, the speed of the vehicle increases:I accelerated to overtake the bus.Compare: deceleratev. I to go more slowly; to redupeed:The car decelerated at

35、the sight of thecar.accelerated adj.的acceleration n.度pacen. U the speed at which someone or sth. moves, or with which sth. happens or changes:a slow/fast paceWhen she thought she heard someone following her, she quickened hace.For many years this company has set the pace (= has been the most sucsful

36、 company) inthe communications industry.These changes seem to me to be happening at too fast a pace.It like the pace of modern life.引申：keep pace with 與并駕齊驅at a pace 以的速度自我檢測Many people complain of raof modern life.A. rateB. speedC. paceD. growth自我檢測A driver his car when he makes it go faster or incr

37、eased its speed.A. modifiesB. duplicatesC. acceleratesD stimulates：C6. Traveling on these lines was inconvenient, though, as each line was separay ownedand many were very far from each other. (P50) 然而搭乘這些線路很不方便，因為每條線都分別各歸其主而且許多線路之間相距甚遠。inconvenientadj.an inconvenient time/placeIt will be very inconv

38、enient for me toe no car.inconveniencen. C or U a se or an example of problems or trouble, which often causes a delay or loss ofcomfort:We apologize for any inconvenience caused by the late arrival of the train.We had the inconvenience of being unable to use the kitchen for severalks.ing to wait for

39、 ten minutes was a minor inconvenience.7After his acquisition of the lines, eachas given a name and most of the namesare still used today. (P51) 收購后他給每條線起了名字，很多名字至今還在使用。acquirev. T to obtain sth.:He acquired the firm in 1978.I was wearing a newly/recently acquired jacket.I seem toe acquired (= obtai

40、ned although It know how) two copies of this book.During this period he acquired a repuion for being a womanizer.acquisitionn. C or UThe museum has been heavily criticized over its acquisition of the four-million-dollarsculpture.I like your earrings - are they a recent acquisition (= did you get the

41、m recently)?8. The last line added was the Jubilee Line in 1977 in honor of the twenty-fifthof Queen Elizabeths crowning. (P51)honor：Ca qualityt combines respect, pride and honesty:a man of honourWe fought for the honour of our countryn. C a reward, prize or titlet publicly expresses admiration or r

42、espect:She received an honour for her servito the community.He was buried with full military honours (= wispel ceration to show respect).in honour of sb./sth. in order to cerate or show great respect for someone or sth.:a banquet in honour of the9. Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel c

43、ardst permit you to travel all overthe underground system. (P51)permit(-tt-)v. T to allow sth.:The regulationsot permit much flexibility.+ ing form of verb The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month.+ object + to infinitive The security system will not permit you to enter without the c

44、orrectpassword.As it wach a spel occa, she permitted herself a small glass of champagne.FORMAL The law permits of no otherreion.v. I FORMAL to make sth.sible:The Chancellor is looking to lowererest rates, when economic conditions permit.Wee arranged to play tennis on Saturday, weathermitting (= if t

45、he weather is goodenough10. This includes dates or yearshe order of the development. (P51)ordern. U the way in which people or things are arranged, either in relation to one another or高考My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was it. (2006 陜西)A. in favor ofB.emory ofC. in honour ofD. in

46、 search of：Aaccording to a particular characteristic:in order of以的順序The children lined up in order of age/height.I cant find the file I need because theyre all out of order (= they are no longer arrangedhecorrect way).Put the files in alphabetical/chronological order.11. The brochure youe just read

47、refers to the development of the LonUndergroundt started in 1854. (P51)refer tophrasal verb: 1) to talk or write about someone or sth., espelly briefly:In her autobiography she occaally refers to her unschooldays.He always refers to the house as his refuge.2) If writing or information refers to some

48、one or sth., it relates totor thing:The new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors.12. I boughickea discount and rode the underground three times. (P53)discountn. C a reductionhe usual price:They usually give you a discount if you buy multiple copies.They offer a 10 percent disco

49、unt on rail travel for students.v. T to decidet sth. or someone is not worth consideration or attention:You shouldnt discount thesibility of him coming back.at a discount 打折自我檢測They sell the sweater a discount of 30 percent.高考Youe been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of . (2006)A. dateB. s

50、hC. orderD. balance：B完成句子1. 兩家機構為了幫助貧窮兒童聯合舉辦了一場慈善活動。）The twoanizations to hold a charity event for the poor children.2. 這些新的挖掘方法加快了倫敦地鐵的發展步伐。（accelerate the pace of）These new ways of digging the Lonundergroundsdevelopment.3. 一般說來，人們喜歡買各種各樣的減價商品。（discount）, people like to buy all kinds of things .4.

51、因缺乏交流而的家庭問題越來越多。（arise from）There are more and more family problems munication.5. 由于不知道坐哪路車，她向求助。（not knowing）Not knowing which bus to take, she .五語法應用非謂語動詞v-ing 形式作定語1. 單個的 v-ing 形式可以作前置定語，表示所修飾的人或物的動作或狀態，在意思上接近一個定語從句，可以表示正在進行的動作，也可表示經常性動作或當時的狀態。develocountries = countriest are develoan ordinary-lo

52、oking house = a houset looks ordinary看起來很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problemt puzzles somebody困擾人的問題2. 作定語的v-ing 形式如是一個短語，則應放在被修飾詞的后面。The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. 裝著醋的那個瓶子應送到實驗室去They lived in a house facing south.他們住在一所朝南的房子里。A. onB. forC. atD. with：C3. 某些情況下，定語不能用

53、 v-ing 形式，必須用定語從句。 作定語的動詞-ing 形式表示的動作要與主句謂語的動作同時發生，如兩者不能同時發生的話，則需使用定語從句。昨天來的教授將要給作一個講座。【誤】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture. v-ing 形式的完成式一般只用作狀語，不作定語。被毀壞的廟宇很快就要重建了。【誤】The templeing been destroyed by the earthqua

54、ke will be rebuilt soon.【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.v-ed 形式作定語1. 單個動詞-ed 形式作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前，作前置定語。A watched pot never boils.心急鍋不開。All the broken doors and windowse been repaired.所有的壞門窗都修好了。When we arrived,ach were given a pred question pr.到達的時候，每人被發給了

55、一份印制好的試卷。提示： 如要表示強調，單個動詞-ed 形式也可作后置定語。Money spent is moren money earned.入不敷出。2. 帶有修飾語或其他成分的 v-ed 形式一般都作后置定語，在語法上相當于一個定語從句。Wee read many novels written by this author.(=t are written by this author)讀過這個作家寫的許多小說。Half of the honored guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors.(= who had be

56、en invited to the reception)被邀請到招待會上的貴賓有一半都是外國大使。The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a sucs.(= which was attended by one thousand students)獲得很大的成功，共有一千名學生出席了。A woman dressed like a lawyer came in and took her seat as judge.(= who was dressed like a lawyer)一個律師裝扮的女人走了進來，并作為就座。v-ing 和

57、v-ed 形式作定語的區別1及物動詞的-ing 形式作定語表示與被修飾名詞是主動關系，及物動詞的-ed形式表示與被修飾名詞是關系。The group called Green Hand is trying to help the environment.The group calling itself Green Hand is trying to help the environment.2不及物動詞-ing 形式表示動詞正在進行，而 v-ed 形式表示動作已完成。the rising sun 正在升起的the risen sun 升起了的boiling water 正沸騰的水boiled

58、water 開水falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子fallen leaves 落葉changing condition 變化著的情況changed condition 改變了的情況develocountriesdeveloped countries 發達國家不及物動詞ed 形式只表示完成的意義，并不帶有的含義。an escd prisoner = a prisoner who has escd逃犯a retired worker = a worker who has retired退休工人a newly arrived guest = a guest who has just arr

59、ived新來的客人As adverbsv-ing 形式作狀語動詞-ing 形式可以作狀語，修飾動詞，其動作執行者與句子主語是主動一致。在句中表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等。動詞-ing 形式作時間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時多位于句首；作結果、伴隨情況狀語時常位于句末。1 表示時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句。ing made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.(= After wee made full preparations.)2 表示原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。Being ill, he didnt

60、 go to school yesterday.(= Since he was ill.)3 表示結果，相當于一個并列謂語。His father died, leaving him a lot of money.(= and left him a lot of money.)4 表示條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句。Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.=If you work hard at your lessons.5 表示讓步，相當于一個讓步狀語從句。Knowing all this, they made me pay for the