1、 跨文化溝通課程 設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)踐 上海大學(xué) 莊恩平 enpingz 2015年7月22-23日AgendaWhy to teachWhat to teachHow to teachWhy to teach 英語(yǔ)、翻譯、商務(wù)英語(yǔ)、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)大綱還是學(xué)生個(gè)人發(fā)展、職場(chǎng)、國(guó)家、國(guó)際需求What to teach Needs analysis：Whose needs？學(xué)生需求還是職場(chǎng)、國(guó)家、國(guó)際需求課程設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)踐 教學(xué)方法：案例分析法、問(wèn)題（項(xiàng)目）導(dǎo)向法 教學(xué)內(nèi)容： 是了解學(xué)科發(fā)展、學(xué)科知識(shí)、東西方文化差異、語(yǔ)言與文化、提高跨文化意識(shí)、交際技能 還是拓寬全球視野、訓(xùn)練跨文化思維、培養(yǎng)跨文化職場(chǎng)能力案例教學(xué)

2、是老師講解課文、分析案例 還是組織學(xué)生分析案例、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)案例、分析案例案例性質(zhì) 是經(jīng)典案例、語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題、交流問(wèn)題、校園案例 還是職場(chǎng)案例、公司案例、國(guó)家案例、國(guó)際案例 案例采集跨文化溝通教學(xué)理念：國(guó)家需求、問(wèn)題導(dǎo)向人才培養(yǎng)理念思考一個(gè)問(wèn)題：全球面臨怎樣的挑戰(zhàn)中國(guó)面臨怎樣的挑戰(zhàn)高等教育面臨怎樣的挑戰(zhàn) 六大跨文化挑戰(zhàn)全球化社會(huì)面臨跨文化挑戰(zhàn)中國(guó)“一帶一路”面臨跨文化挑戰(zhàn)中國(guó)企業(yè) “走出去”戰(zhàn)略面臨跨文化挑戰(zhàn)中國(guó)公共外交面臨跨文化挑戰(zhàn)中國(guó)新聞傳播面臨跨文化挑戰(zhàn)中國(guó)國(guó)際化高等教育面臨跨文化挑戰(zhàn)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：“跨文化+”時(shí)代培養(yǎng)“跨文化+”戰(zhàn)略思維、跨文化思維與跨文化能力人才一個(gè)解決方案“跨文化+學(xué)科”“

3、跨文化+課程” “跨文化外語(yǔ)教學(xué)法” “跨文化+課程” 跨文化溝通、跨文化商務(wù)溝通（交際） 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言與文化、跨文化影視欣賞、英美十大司法案例跨文化解讀、跨文化人力資源管理、以全球視野觀察世界、跨文化談判、跨文化領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力等英語(yǔ)類專業(yè)核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力：跨文化思維與跨文化能力人才職位： CIO: Chief Intercultural Officer 首席跨文化協(xié)調(diào)官 ICP: Intercultural Professional 跨文化專員 職場(chǎng)調(diào)查 Business Communication Quarterly 2004 One hundred and four Silicon Valley empl

4、oyers responded to a survey asking them about communication skills of their recent college graduate new hires. Discovery: 1. Employers reported they were less than satisfied with the oral and written communication skills. 2. The U.S. Department of Labor regarding workplace skills for the future dete

5、rmined that communication skills are essential workplace tools for the 21st century Figure: Mean ranking of global competenciesGlobal Competency demanding (UK Higher Education)by the Council for Industry and Higher Education (CIHE), UK, 2011 Mean rankingAn ability to work collaboratively with teams

6、of people from a range of backgrounds and countries8.2Excellent communication skills: both speaking and listening7.5A high degree of drive and resilience5.6An ability to embrace multiple perspectives and challenge thinking5.4A capacity to develop new skills and behaviours according to role requireme

7、nts4.6A high degree of self-awareness Awareness4.4An ability to negotiate and influence clients across the globe from different cultures4An ability to form professional, global networks3.9An openness to and respect for a range of perspectives from around the world3.6Multi-cultural learning agility (

8、e.g. able to learn in any culture or environment)2.4Multi-lingualism1.7Knowledge of foreign economies and own industry area overseas Knowledge 1.7An understanding of ones position and role within a global context or economy1.6A willingness to play an active role in society at a local, national and i

9、nternational level.0.5Skills 英語(yǔ)專業(yè)教學(xué)大綱（2000） 提出了注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的跨文化交際能力和對(duì)文化差異的敏感性、寬容性以及處理文化差異的靈活性。 大綱又對(duì)21世紀(jì)外語(yǔ)專業(yè)人才的培養(yǎng)規(guī)格作了概述，對(duì)21世紀(jì)外語(yǔ)人才的能力作了如下定義：外語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生在工作中的運(yùn)用能力 主要指能夠從事不同文化間交流與合作的能力、交際能力、協(xié)作能力、適應(yīng)工作的能力、獨(dú)立提出建議和討論的能力、組織能力、知人處事的能力、靈活應(yīng)變的能力等 跨文化溝通課程內(nèi)容： 學(xué)科與概念 文化差異 得體交際 有效溝通 跨文化溝通Part One Basic ConceptsPart Two Intercult

10、ural SkillsPart Three Application 主要內(nèi)容Whats WrongReading 1-2Intercultural PerspectivesIntercultural Case StudyLearning Culture Through Proverbs How to teach跨文化隱形障礙 Different Perceptions What are they talking aboutCulture like an Iceberg 行為非語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)言態(tài)度價(jià)值觀念 Culture ACulture B A ABBSimilarity or DifferenceF

11、romLittle to Much 管理視角 East and WestEast and EastWest and West BeliefsBeliefs ValuesValues Perception Ways of thinkingCulture ACulture CCultural synergy Culture B Perception Communication StyleCommunication styleWays of thinking 跨文化視角ABConflict zone 思維差異ChineseEnglish溝通差異 Direct and indirect Explici

12、t and implicit Verbal-based understanding Context-based understanding Speaker oriented communication style Listener- oriented communication style中國(guó)式溝通 Maybe、Probably、I guess、 It is said that I will do my best to do something基本上（原則上）同意或可行的我們?cè)倏紤]考慮 案例教學(xué)Whats wrongGeely-Volvo Acquisition1. Chairman Lee

13、Shufu declared to the public Volvo Cars would set up three manufacturers in China Volvo Cars CEO Stefan Jacoby openly admitted that any decision should get approval from the management team. 2. Lee would expand its production to take up the market share soon Volvo CEO Jacoby replies that they need t

14、o be cautious in its expansion3. Lee believes he knows the Chinese market better than Jacoby, so he would make big cars for Volvo Jacoby believes small-sized cars would be better4.When Swedish King visited Geely in 2011, he asked Lee how Geely would guarantee that Volvos standards would not be under

15、mined after Geelys acquisition. Lee Shufu replied We are not just keeping Volvos standards, but helping Volvo regain its past glory .Questions; What are they discussing? Strategy, product, market Whats wrong with them? Cultural differences or communication problem Which competency is needed? Technic

16、al competency Managerial competency Intercultural competency 跨文化交流Dialog 1A: Were going to Surrey this weekend.B: What fun! I wish we were going with you. How long are you going to be there? (If she wants a ride, she will ask.)A: Three days. By the way, we may need a ride to the airport. Do you thin

17、k you can take us there?B: Sure. What time?Dialog 2A: Were going to Surrey this weekend.B: What fun! I wish we were going with you. How long are you going to be there? A: Three days. (I hope shell offer me a ride to the airport)B: (She may want me to give her a ride.) Do you need a ride to the airpo

18、rt? Ill take you. A: Are you sure its not too much trouble?B: Its no trouble at all.Dialog 3A: Were going to Surrey this weekend.B: What fun! I wish we were going with you. How long are you going to be there? A: Three days. (I hope shell offer me a ride to the airport)B: (If she wants a ride, she wi

19、ll ask.) Have a great time!A: (If she had wanted to give me a ride, she would have offered it. Id better ask somebody else.) Thanks. Ill see you when I get back. ValueNorm Behaviors Culture Is Like an OnionOutside InInside Out 洋蔥診斷模型 Diagnostic Model (Onion Model)Learning Culture through Proverbs 語(yǔ)言

20、 文化 行為 The squeaky wheel gets the grease 吱嘎叫的輪子有油吃 Behaviors Norm ValueA nail that sticks out should be hammered down Behaviors Norm Value Stay hungry and stay foolish 語(yǔ)言 文化 行為 Culture CCorporate Culture Managerial Behaviors Culture Is Like an OnionOutside InInside Out Diagnostic Model for MNC Belie

21、fsBeliefs ValuesValues Perception Ways of thinkingCulture ACulture CCultural synergy Culture B Perception Communication StyleCommunication styleWays of thinking 跨文化沖突模型ABConflict zoneIntercultural AwarenessInterculturalSkillsStrongStrongWeakManagement FailureHappy MarriageAt the crossroadCulture hea

22、dacheLong time integration診斷與方案模型 跨文化能力模型 (MAKS-Model)Intercultural CompetenceGlobal Mindset Knowledge CulturalAdaptation Communication Skills CultureCulture-General Intercultural AwarenessFlexibility PsychologicalAdaptation Communication skillNonverbal Communication skillCommunication strategy Inte

23、rcultural Perspective cultureCulture-Specific M: Mindset A: Adaptation K: Knowledge S: SkillsHistory PoliticsReligion systemValue NormCustomWay of thinkingCommunication styleHigh context culture is one in which the meanings of a communication message are found in the situation and in the relationshi

24、ps of the communicators or are internalized in the communicators beliefs, values, and norms.Low context culture is one in which the meanings of communication messages are stated clearly and explicitly, without depending on the context of the communication situation.IC理論講授Low context culture低語(yǔ)境文化High

25、 context culture高語(yǔ)境文化Individualistic oriented values 個(gè)人取向Group oriented values 團(tuán)體取向Self face concern 關(guān)心自我面子Mutual face concern 關(guān)心雙方面子Overt and explicit 直白清晰Covert and implicit 迂回委婉Messages plainly coded 直接簡(jiǎn)潔表述Messages internalized 信息隱含Verbal-based understanding 字面意思Context-based understanding 語(yǔ)境提示De

26、tail verbalized 詳細(xì)陳述Much nonverbal coded 言外多含它意Reaction on the surface 反應(yīng)直接Reaction reserved 反饋信息保留Low context cultureHigh context cultureFlexible ingroups and outgroups無(wú)明顯圈內(nèi)圈外人關(guān)系Distinct ingroups and outgroups明顯圈內(nèi)圈外人關(guān)系Fragile interpersonal bonds 人際關(guān)系相對(duì)淡薄Strong interpersonal bonds 看重人際關(guān)系Personal-ori

27、ented verbal style 人與人之間平等的言語(yǔ)交流Status-oriented verbal style 談話方式多隨對(duì)方地位不同而異Speaker-oriented style 說(shuō)話者為中心的交談風(fēng)格Listener-oriented style 以受話者者為中心的交談風(fēng)格Linear logic 線性邏輯思維方式Spiral logic 螺旋式邏輯思維方式Commitment low 承諾低Commitment high 承諾高Time highly organized時(shí)間安排緊湊Time open and flexible時(shí)間相對(duì)自由靈活BehaviorsLow context cultureHigh context cultureSeparate issues from a person對(duì)事不對(duì)人Attacking