1、四字結構的運用v“四字格”詞組，是廣義的概念，包括成語和非成語。v從內容上講，“四字格”詞組言簡意賅；v從形式上講，它整齊均稱；v從語音上講，它順口悅耳。v“四字格”在譯文中如果運用得當，不但使譯文大為增色，而且能發揮“錦上添花”的作用。一使用“四字格”詞組的語言優勢v1. 有助于筆墨經濟，以少勝多v“四字格”詞組是經過反復錘煉、相沿習用而成型的。寥寥四字，言簡意賅。在忠實于在忠實于原文的內容和風格的前提下原文的內容和風格的前提下，恰當采用，譯文就顯得凝煉、貼切，具有高度的概括力。v1 Over the past several weeks, she had grown increasingl

2、y restless. 過去幾周，她越來越過去幾周，她越來越六神無主六神無主。v2 Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge has given man the practical results of being able to shield himself the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by other man. 科學的探索，知識的追求，使人類獲得了避科學的探索，知識的追求，使人類獲得了避免免天災人禍天災人禍的實力。的實力。v2. 有助于譯文通順流暢，雅俗交融v

3、現代翻譯學認為，譯文與原文在意義上應動態對應，不要形式對等。因此，從原文的深層意義出發，英語句中的單詞、短語。 習語，甚至整句，都可譯成相應的漢語四字詞組。因此，根據上下文的內在聯系和關聯，由表及里，恰當運用“四字格”，就能收到良好的效果。v1 He was canny, openhanded, brisk, candid, and modest. 他為人聰明大方，生氣勃勃，忠厚耿直，謙虛謹慎。v2 Since modern Western culture is highly diverse, something that has faded completely from one segme

4、nt of a society can still flourish in another.v鑒于現代西方文化千差萬別千差萬別，有些事物在某個社會的一部分地區已經完全銷聲匿跡銷聲匿跡，而在另一部分地區可能仍然方興未艾方興未艾。v3. 有助于譯文生動活潑，形象鮮明v1 You may have read stories in which the hero gets into his spaceship and “blasts off” into the outer reaches of space without a worry about fuel. 你大概讀過這樣一些故事吧。它們描寫一位你大

5、概讀過這樣一些故事吧。它們描寫一位英雄坐上飛船，英雄坐上飛船，“風馳電掣風馳電掣”，直沖，直沖九霄云九霄云外外，毋須為燃料擔心發愁。，毋須為燃料擔心發愁。v2The girls arrayed themselves in their finest clothesv這些姑娘打扮得花枝招展。 4. 提高譯文語言的整齊均稱和韻律感v1 But there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事現在已經搞得但我的事現在已經搞得滿城風雨滿城風雨，人人皆知人人皆知了。了。v2 The two theories vary, but they are c

6、ompossible.v這兩種理論雖然各有千秋，但它們是并行不悼的。v3 If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多數人多數人興高采烈興高采烈之日，卻是少數人之日，卻是少數人傷心失意傷心失意之時。之時。v5）切忌盲目追求詞藻華麗而超出“信”的范圍v1 This aircraft is small, cheap, pilotless.v原譯：這種飛機小巧玲瓏，價廉物美，無人駕駛。v改譯：這種飛機體積不大，價格便宜，無人改譯：這種飛機體積不大，價格便宜，無人駕駛。駕駛。（一）使

7、用四字格翻譯原句中的英語單詞 v英語中許多單個的單詞在譯 成漢語時，都可以用四字格來進行翻譯，如：vBargain討價還價；gratitude感恩戴德；ingratitude忘恩負義；prosperity繁榮昌盛；等等。v如照字面意思翻譯，雖然也能把原句的內容 翻譯出來，但是往往會失去原句的風采和氣勢，變得平淡無奇、索然無味。所以，有時譯者如果嘗試使用四字格來進行翻譯，反而會使譯文更加形象鮮明、生動感 人。1.She was always hurried during the day and tired at night.v她白天總是匆匆忙忙，晚上就她白天總是匆匆忙忙，晚上就疲憊不堪疲憊不堪。

8、2. Everyones life should have room for such loves. 每個人的生活都應該為這種愛留下每個人的生活都應該為這種愛留下一席之地一席之地。3. His success in this field has pushed his forerunners point into the background. 他在這方面的成就使其前輩們的論點他在這方面的成就使其前輩們的論點黯然失色黯然失色。4. A minute later the head of John was handed to the frightened Salome. 不大會兒，約翰的首級就交給了

9、不大會兒，約翰的首級就交給了魂飛魄散魂飛魄散的莎樂美。的莎樂美。5. Love is a climatea climate of the heart. 愛的情感是一種氣氛愛的情感是一種氣氛-一種一種心心相印心心相印的氣氛。的氣氛。6. But they were overwhelmed at last. 可是到后來可是到后來寡不敵眾寡不敵眾，直敗下來。，直敗下來。7. Nixon was pleased by the distinction, but not overwhelmed. 尼克松對這種破格的禮遇感到高興，但并沒有尼克松對這種破格的禮遇感到高興，但并沒有喜出喜出望外望外。（二）使用四

10、字格翻譯原句的英語詞組、短語 vbright in color 色彩鮮艷；色彩鮮艷； with a long standing reputation 久負盛名；久負盛名； have never met 素不相識；素不相識； a world of difference 天壤之別；天壤之別； great contribution豐功偉績；豐功偉績；fine words花言巧語等等。花言巧語等等。v1 They wisely kept their own counsel and did not express their opinion too loudly. 他們他們明哲保身明哲保身，決不大聲發表

11、議論。，決不大聲發表議論。v2 Dont believe about him for he is only a sugar coated. 不要相信他，因他只是一個不要相信他，因他只是一個口蜜腹劍口蜜腹劍的人。的人。v3 Why do you love to find fault with someone? It seems that the only person who is always right is yourself.v你為什么總愛你為什么總愛吹毛求疵吹毛求疵，你以為唯一對的人，你以為唯一對的人便是你自己。便是你自己。v4 He went through fire and floo

12、d to save his mother. 他他赴湯蹈火赴湯蹈火去救他的母親。去救他的母親。v5 You have a lucky star above you. 你真是你真是福星高照福星高照。v6 She is now between the devil and the deep sea on this matter. 她在這個問題上真是她在這個問題上真是進退維谷進退維谷。v（2）同一個詞組可有多種譯法v1 He was on tenterhooks of expectations during our conversation. 在我們談話時，他因有所期待而在我們談話時，他因有所期待而如坐

13、針氈如坐針氈。v2 I found him on tenterhooks when he was waiting for his girlfriend. 我發現他在等女朋友時顯得我發現他在等女朋友時顯得局促不安局促不安。v3 His parents were on tenterhooks all the time until they got his letter. 他的父母在收到他的信前，一直是那樣的他的父母在收到他的信前，一直是那樣的心心煩意亂。煩意亂。（3）原文的中性成語有時譯成帶有褒貶含義的成語v1 Yesterday he received a letter from his sis

14、ter about whom there had been no news whatsoever. It was like a bolt from the blue.v昨天他收到他姐姐一封信，原來他姐姐一直杳無音昨天他收到他姐姐一封信，原來他姐姐一直杳無音信，這真是喜出望外。信，這真是喜出望外。v評析：評析：a bolt from the blue 含有晴天霹靂之意，含有晴天霹靂之意，但漢語這一成語一般與壞事相連，故譯成但漢語這一成語一般與壞事相連，故譯成“喜出望喜出望外外”，有褒意。），有褒意。）v2 For the first time Nora saw her husband for w

15、hat he wasa selfish, pretentious hypocrite with no regard for her position in the matter.v這是娜拉有生以來第一次認清了丈夫的真面目：原這是娜拉有生以來第一次認清了丈夫的真面目：原來他是一個道貌岸然、自私自利的偽君子，在這個來他是一個道貌岸然、自私自利的偽君子，在這個問題上根本不把她的處境放在心上。問題上根本不把她的處境放在心上。v評析：what he was 注意不要譯成“廬山真面目”。v War and Remembrance By Herman Wouk (An Excerpt)vHere in Ca

16、iro people are still rattled by the closeness of Rommel, but encouraged by your planes, tanks, and trucks pouring to our Eighth Army via the Cape of Good Hope, and on direct convoy past Malta. Talky has it straight from ChurchillWinnie flashed through here twice this month, raising a cloud of bloody

17、 nonsensical troublethat all this is a drop in the bucket compared the Niagara of equipment that you re flooding to the Russians. When or how your countrymen produce all this, I dont know. Your country baffles me:va luxurious unharmed lotus land in which great hordes of handsome dynamic people eithe

18、r wallow in deep gloom, or play like overexcited children, or fall to work like all the devils in hell, while the press steadily drones detestation of the government and despair of the system. I dont understand how America works, any more than Frances Trollope or Dickens did, but its an ongoing mira

19、cle of sorts.vIn London things are as bad. The repair of the blitz devastation goes sluggishly. People drag themselves through the rubble in sticky weather on dwindling rations. vThings are less scary now. Some of the skedaddlers are sheepishly drifting back, but the more prudent ones are staying wher